Writ Jurisdiction and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in BangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Writ Jurisdiction is the instrument for enforcement of fundamental rights. A writ is only permitted when the defendant has no other adequate remedy, such as an appeal.
For the enforcement of fundamental rights one has to move the Supreme Court or the High Courts directly by invoking Writ Jurisdiction of these courts. But the high cost and complicated procedure involved in litigation, however, makes equal access to jurisdiction in mere slogan in respect of millions of destitute and underprivileged masses stricken by poverty, illiteracy and ignorance. The Supreme Court of India, pioneered the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) thereby throwing upon the portals of courts to the common man.
As a part of my academic activities, I’ve completed this assignment on writ jurisdictions and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) .
Edwin Nateminya, Integral Advisory
Presentation given at “Unlocking Investment in Africa’s Renewables: What are the Binding Constraints?” event, organised by the Institute of Development Studies and held on 19 January 2017 at the Wellcome Collection, London. For more information, please visit http://www.ids.ac.uk/events/unlocking-investment-in-africa-s-renewables-what-are-the-binding-constraints.
Simon Bawakyillenuo, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research
Presentation given at “Unlocking Investment in Africa’s Renewables: What are the Binding Constraints?” event, organised by the Institute of Development Studies and held on 19 January 2017 at the Wellcome Collection, London. For more information, please visit http://www.ids.ac.uk/events/unlocking-investment-in-africa-s-renewables-what-are-the-binding-constraints.
Artificial intelligence and the Singularity - History, Trends and Reality Checkpiero scaruffi
A lecture given at the second LAST festival (www.lastfestival.org) by Piero Scaruffi on Artificial intelligence and the Singularity - History, Trends and Reality Check. This is a very old presentation. See the updated one at www.scaruffi.com/singular
Jak dosáhnout své vize, Ten Ohnivý Kohout to rozjel, I Ťing pro rok 2017, Nová kniha Čínské horoskopy aneb Odhalte své pravé já, Jak získat správného partnera, Chcete dojít do cíle?, bydlení: Vstávejte! Je jaro!, Energie dní na týden od 6.2.
Web 2.0 can be referred to as the evolution of websites into a whole new paradigm. The need for user-generated content, ease of use, and minimal dependence on designers gain more popularity with time. Web 2.0 is also known as the participative and social web because it has greatly contributed towards ease of sharing ideas on the internet. It is also called the second stage of development of the Internet, in web 2.0 we focus more on user-generated data and make the worldwide Web more interactive. The term of web 2.0 was heard in 2004 during a summit on web 2.0 technology.
What is Web 2.0?
It is Second generation of services available on the Web that lets people collaborate and share information online
O'Reilly Media and MediaLive International popularized the term
Google is now seen as the torch bearer of the term by the media
From a technology perspective Web 2.0
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
3. Web 2.0 is the second generation of
World Wide Web ( i.e. WWW). Web 2.0
technologies provide a level user
interaction that was not available before.
Websites have become much more
dynamic and interconnected, producing
"online communities" and making it
even easier to share information on the
Web.
4. 1999
2002
2004
2006
First used in January 1999 by
Darcy DiNucci, an information
architecture consultant. In her
article, "Fragmented Future"
Scott Dietzen puts it, "the Web
becomes a universal, standards-
based integration platform
The term was popularized by
Tim O'Reilly and Dale
Dougherty at the O'Reilly
Media Web 2.0 Conference in
late 2004
The popularity of Web 2.0
was acknowledged by 2006
TIME magazine Person of
The Year (You)
5. Web 1.0 refers to the first stage in the
World Wide Web, which was entirely
made up of Web pages connected by
hyperlinks. Web 1.0 was a set of static
websites that were not yet providing
interactive content.
6. Difference Between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
1) The mostly read only web 1) The widely read-write web
2) 45 million global user(1996) 2) 1 billion+ global user(2016)
3) Focused on companies 3) Focused on communities
4) Home pages 4) Blogs
5) Owning content 5) Sharing content
6) HTML, portals 6) XML, RSS
7) Web forms 7) Web Application
8) Page views 8) Cost per click
7. Example
Blogger Twitter Facebook Yahoo YouTube
These are major web 2.0 websites. Apart from the above
mentioned sites, there are some others ..
e.g.
WordPress Goodreads Quora Tumblr HubPages Livejournal
8. Features
My web 2.0 Groups
Discussion Boards
Discuss current topics
with members of your
groups. Post a question,
provide your expertise or
just read along
Share documents with
members of your groups.
Write collaboratively with
members to create new
documents
Documents
Bookmark interesting
sites and share them with
your group. Research a
topic by searching group
bookmarks
Bookmarks
Welcome to the exciting world of web 2.0
Profiles Blog Groups Micro Blog Wiki
9. Pros
• All reputable Web 2.0 sites like Wordpress, Blogger or Hubpages allow you to
post high quality content which will help you to get both contextual backlinks to
your desired sites along with huge traffic because of the high domain authority.
• Creating different Web 2.0 pages will both promote your own site and earn you
some money mostly through Google AdSense and Amazon network.
• All web 2.0 sites will help you to promote your products and get it out there with
huge success if everything is done correctly. Such sites can drive massive amount
of traffic if your products, services and tips are interesting and informative for
the right auditory of the site.
10. Pros
• You can use YouTube For Video Hosting because YouTube is owned
by Google who is Father of all search engines also uses its owned sites
for searches so definitely your network is quite strong, when you are on
YouTube
• Another benefit that Web 2.0 offers is the minimization of downtime.
Web 2.0 tools don’t have any downtime.
11. Cons
• Information overload. Too much information is daily posted
by many people with different thought. This creates confusion
for the readers and the quality of the content is not reliable.
• If you are using grey hat techniques then it can hurt your
reputation.
• Most backlinks from web 2.0 sites are “no follow” so the high
page rank of the site does not get passed onto your backlink.
• Freedom to post views and comments provides good
opportunities for competitors and rivals to post negative
comments about other companies.
• Too many fake ID’s increase the risk of spamming, fraud and
virus attack.
12. Controversies
• Site Users Risk Losing Control Of Personal Information
• Careful On What To Post Online
• Information On Social Networking Sites May Not Be
Verifiable.
1. Bogus Profiles
2. False Details
13. CONCLUSION
Let’s leave the controversies aside and pondering whether we should call Web 2.0 a
‘Dream’ or a ‘Nightmare’. Web 2.0 has made a provision for each user to be a
journalist or a film maker. We have landed in an era of participation where each user
has the power to contribute, regardless of position.
Overall, Web 2.0 has proven to be a boon for the businesses in order to establish an
effective online presence. Incorporating its effectiveness into the online marketing
campaign can help businesses to reach its zenith.
