This document summarizes a remote health monitoring system using wearable body sensors to monitor cardiovascular disease patients. The system consists of three parts: 1) Wearable body sensors that collect physiological data from patients, 2) A personal server (PDA) that prioritizes and transfers data to 3) A medical server connected to the cloud where data can be accessed by medical staff. The system aims to efficiently respond to emergencies by prioritizing vital sign data and notifying medical staff of changes in a patient's heart health.

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Remote health monitoring systems using Wearable Body Sensors
Boorangan R1
, Akshaya M 2
, Malathy G 3
1
15MSC0017, 2
15MSC0015, 3
15MSC0034
Faculty Supervisor : Prof. Rajkumar R. (SCOPE)
SET ID 1300165 , M.Sc. CS , VIT UNIVERSITY
ABSTRACT
Set Conference-2016
SET ID:
1300165
INTRODUCTION
Monitoring of physical, environmental conditions can be done by using Wireless sensor
network (WSN). In recent times WSN is found its application in healthcare and
healthcare management system. This study is done for the use of WSN in providing
real-time feedback to the user as well as the medical staff. For this study medical
sensors were employed in order to collect and monitor various physiological data and
vital signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD’s) patients for the efficient response to
emergency conditions and the transmission of signals to medical server and intelligent
personal digital assistant (IPDA) through optical cables and 4G communications
respectively. Lightweight medical sensors such as Holter monitor also known as
ambulatory electrocardiography device can be used to create a wireless body area
network (WBAN) so that vital health signs can be monitored efficiently. In the present
study we propose the use of Medical Super Sensor to collect data sensed by the
sensors and transfer the information to a cloud server where the data can be accessed
by the medical staff from distant locations.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Holter monitor, Wireless body area networks,
intelligent personal digital assistant systems.
Recently, Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been used in various fields such as
Environmental/Earth sensing, air pollution monitoring, forest fire detection, water
quality monitoring, healthcare management, military surveillance etc. WSN is widely
used in industries machine health monitoring, data logging, waste water monitoring
etc. Recent technology advances in manufacturing of microprocessors radio interface
with single chip have created a new league of wireless sensor networks which can be
used in various fields.
Several nodes which are interconnected to each other which is connected to several
sensors comprises the WSN. The sensor consists of various parts such has
microcontroller and radio transceiver with an internal antenna or it is connected to an
external antenna. Such a complex yet efficient system makes WSNs a robust, fault
tolerance system with an increase in spatial coverage. This setup of WSN are
contrary to the traditional sensor networks which were developed in a predetermined
manner. WSN can be used to track and monitor the health conditions of patients in
urban and rural areas. The use of WSN will decrease the work load of the medical
staff and also decrease the medical errors caused due to human negligence and
carelessness. The wireless sensor network can also be referred to as wireless
biomedical sensor network (WBSN) when it is used in biomedical areas. When
multiple sensors are connected to the body of individual the network of such sensors
can be called body sensor network (BSN). In the present study a proposal is made for
the use of Medical Super Sensor (MSS) to collect multiple physiological data which is
sensed by the sensors of WBAN and forward it to a cloud server. An Intelligent
Personal Digital Assistant (IPDA) is used, this has the ability to prioritize the data
collected by the sensor and transfer it to the cloud server based of the patient’s
current health condition and content of the data.
Healthcare applications of wireless sensors
HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMS USING WEARABLE BODY SENSORS FEATURES
PROPOSED TECHNIQUE
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Conclusion:
The above proposal is mainly with the view of treating cardiovascular patients
in an effective manner so that the mortality rate due to delayed treatment can
be reduced. Since the mode of communication is 4G the communication
between the patient and the doctor in charge of the patient can be fast and
the huge data generated by the wearable body sensors can be effectively
used for the treatment of the patient and the compression of such data helps
in less memory utilization of the server and faster accessibility. Hence, this
new technology can be used to monitor the patient regularly and give a
real-time feedback of the cardiovascular health of the patient.
Figure 1 – System Architecture for Medical server connected to the cloud
device
The common applications of wireless sensors are as follows
Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus involves the improper levels of
glucose in the blood of the patient. It is been reported the about 1.1 million
people died due to this condition in the year 2005. World Health
Organization (WHO) also reported that 220 million people suffer from this
condition worldwide. Diabetes also causes series of other complications
such has kidney problem, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure etc.
Treatment includes insulin injections, exercise and changes in eating
habits. WBAN can to made use in this condition for the efficient detection of
glucose level and this method being less invasive is better preferred for the
accurate transferring of data collected.
Cardiovascular diseases: Cardiovascular diseases includes a large
number of conditions associated with heart and the vascular system. This
includes high blood pressure, myocardial infraction, block in the coronary
artery, cardiac arrest etc. In these condition it is very important that the vital
signs are detected earlier and the treatment is administered as soon as
possible. It is mostly seen that the patient dies mostly when the signs are
neglected in the early stages. WBANs can be used to detect the changes
in the pulse rate, heartbeat, the blood pressure and transfer the data from
the patient to the physician and also this can be prioritized in order to alert
the physician in case of emergency.
Asthma: Asthma involves uneasiness in breathing. This is majorly caused due to
the allergens present in the air. Hence air quality is very important and is a crucial
condition for the well-being of patients with this condition. WBANs as we know is
used to sense the air quality and pollution levels of air. When WBANs is combined
with Global Positioning System (GPS) which gives an exact location of the patient
the air quality present in that location can be sensed and the patient can be alerted
about the situation hence proper care can be taken so that no problem is caused to
the patient.
Cancer Detection: Currently, cancer is considered as one of the biggest threats to
human kind. The number of cancer cases is been increased drastically. WBNs in
combination with other miniaturized sensors can be used in the diagnosis of cancer
as the cancer cells express distinct types of surface markers, enabling the
physician to diagnose cancer patients with better efficiency and accuracy.
Reference:
[1] Gillum, R. and Bosworth, H. (2002). New Considerations in Analyzing Stroke and Heart
Disease Mortality Trends: The Year 2000 Age Standard and the International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Stroke, 33(6),
pp.1717-1722.
[2] Gillum, R. and Bosworth, H. (2002). New Considerations in Analyzing Stroke and Heart
Disease Mortality Trends: The Year 2000 Age Standard and the International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Stroke, 33(6),
pp.1717-1722.
[3] Liu, G., Huang, B. and Wang, L. (2011). A Wearable Respiratory Biofeedback System
Based on Generalized Body Sensor Network. Telemedicine and e-Health, 17(5), pp.348-357.
[4] Liu, G., Huang, B. and Wang, L. (2011). A Wearable Respiratory Biofeedback System
Based on Generalized Body Sensor Network. Telemedicine and e-Health, 17(5), pp.348-357.
[5] Gregg, M., Guo, N., Schwenger, S. and Goeree, R. (2011). PMD34 Cost Effectivness of
Ambulatory Cardiac Monitor versus Holter. Value in Health, 14(7), p.A250.
[6] Leonov, V. (2013). Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting of Human Body Heat for Wearable
Sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 13(6), pp.2284-2291.
REFFERENCES
Bone health: Usually women above 50 years of age are found to lose the
deposited calcium in their body and a condition called osteoporosis is caused.
This condition can cause complications such has fracture, lesser bone density,
bone fragility etc. WBANs combined with other sensors can be used to know
the bone density and also check the amount of calcium present in the body so
this condition can be treated as early as possible.
Artificial Retina: Certain chips called as Optoelectronics Retina Prosthesis
(ORP) could be implanted in the rear part of human eye, this system can help
blind individuals and people with low vision to view normally.
Recorder to the medical server connecting device :
The span of the recorder varies relying upon the maker of the gadget. The
normal measurements of today's Holter screens are around 110x70x30 mm
yet some are just 61x46x20 mm and weigh 99 g. Most of the gadgets work
with two AA batteries. On the off chance that the batteries are drained, a few
Holters permit their substitution actually amid checking. The vast majority of
the Holters screen the ECG just in a few channels. Contingent upon the model
(maker), distinctive tallies of leads and lead frameworks are utilized. Today's
pattern is to minimize the quantity of prompts guarantee the persistent solace
amid recording. Albeit 2/3 channel recording has been utilized for quite a while
as a part of the Holter checking history, as of late 12 channel Holters have
showed up. These frameworks utilize the fantastic Mason-Likar lead
framework, hence creating the sign in the same representation as amid the
regular rest ECG and/or anxiety test estimation. These Holters then permit to
substitute anxiety test examination in cases the anxiety test is unrealistic for
the current patient. They are additionally suitable when examining patients
after myocardial localized necrosis. Recordings from these 12-lead screens
are of an essentially lower determination than those from a standard 12-lead
ECG and now and again have been demonstrated to give deluding ST section
representation, despite the fact that a few gadgets permit setting the
inspecting recurrence up to 1000 Hz for unique reason exams like the late
potential.
An alternate intriguing development is the vicinity of a tri axial development
sensor, which records the patient physical action, and later shows in the
product three separate statuses: resting, remaining up, or strolling. This helps
the cardiologist to better investigate the recorded occasions having a place
with the patient movement and journal. Holter checking is an extremely helpful
piece of an ECG. Some advanced gadgets additionally can record a vocal
patient journal entrance that can be later listened to by the specialist.
System Architecture:
This describes the overview of the remote healthcare monitoring systems used for
cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s). This component consists of three tiers shown in the Figure
1. This is composed of
1. Wearable body sensor
2. Personal Server (PPS) using PDA
3. Medical server connected to the cloud device
Analysing software:
At the point when the recording of ECG sign is done (for the most part following 24 or 48
hours), it is dependent upon the doctor to perform the sign examination. Since it would be to a
great degree time requesting to scan through such a long flag, there is a coordinated
programmed investigation transform in every Holter programming which naturally decides
distinctive sorts of heart thumps, rhythms, and so forth. However the achievement of the
programmed examination is nearly connected with the sign quality. The quality itself chiefly
relies on upon the connection of the terminals to the patient body. In the event that these are
not appropriately appended, electromagnetic aggravation can impact the ECG sign bringing
about an extremely loud record. In the event that the patient moves quickly, the mutilation will
be significantly greater. Such record is then exceptionally hard to process. Other than the
connection and nature of cathodes, there are different components influencing the sign quality,
for example, muscle tremors, testing rate and determination of the digitized sign (superb
gadgets offer higher examining recurrence). The programmed examination regularly gives the
doctor data about heart pulsated morphology, thumped interim estimation, heart rate variability,
musicality diagram and patient journal (minutes when the patient pressed the patient catch).
Progressed frameworks likewise perform otherworldly investigation, ischemic trouble
assessment, diagram of persistent movement or PQ section examination. An alternate
necessity is the capacity of pacemaker discovery and examination. Such capacity is helpful
when one needs to check the right pacemaker capacity
Personal server:
This is he server of the hospital in which the data of the patient is being stored. This server can
be accessed by registered family members of the patient, medical staff and the doctor. Since, it
is difficult to categorise each and every information this server is implemented with Intelligent
Personal Digital Assistant (IPDA) so that the major trends seen in the heart health of the patient
is viewed in the form of a graphical representation by the registered members of the server.
Certain critical signs are notified to the medical staff and the doctor. Hence, during emergency
the patient can be treated.
Analyzing software and system architecture, personal server
Priority Signalling and Data compression:
Since this is a wearable body sensor it has to be in contact with the patient
most of the time and the data which is collected is consumes a huge amount of
the storage space and enormous amount of data cannot to managed by the
medical staff as a result even if the data has certain important information,
there is high chances that the data can be lost and the vital signs can be
neglected. Due to the above reasons we propose prioritising the data. Data
such has electrocardiograph, oxygen saturation, blood pressure and the pulse
of the patient is given importance. These data are given high traffic rate in the
server. Other data which are thought to be less important are given low data
traffic. The high traffic data are sent to the server via a 4G connection system
whereas the data with less traffic are sent to the system via a 3G connection
system. In this manner the data collected can be effectively managed by the
medical staff and vital signs can be given high priority. Using this system the
data traffic can be managed in an efficient manner. During the emergency
situation or when the trends of the heart health is found be varying in a large
amount, a notification is sent to the medical staff in charge of the patient, when
proper response is not given to such situation the notification is also sent to the
group of cardiologist doctors.