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This document defines common telecommunications cabling terms such as backbone cabling, horizontal cabling, cross-connects, outlets, risers, lead-in cables, pathways, topologies and work stations that are used to describe how data and voice services are delivered within buildings and campuses.
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Prediction of wireless communication systems in the context of modeling 2-3-4
This document discusses modeling and predicting the performance of wireless communication systems using multiple antennas.
It begins by introducing MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) wireless systems and their advantages over single antenna systems. These include increased range, reduced interference, and improved capacity.
The document then analyzes MIMO system performance over flat fading channels with different fading statistics and levels of channel state information. It also discusses measurement results validating the Rayleigh fading assumption and the impact of mutual antenna coupling.
Finally, it covers stochastic channel models for MIMO systems, extending existing SISO models to the MIMO case. It models the correlation between antenna elements using general correlation models and covariance matrices.
Performance Analysis of V-Blast MIMO System Using Minimum Mean Square Error E...
The V-BLAST MIMO-system some of linear detection techniques can be used for interference cancellation (IC). In this paper, using Minimum Mean Square Error- interference cancellation for the same. In this paper, we analysis of BER performance of Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time Architecture (V-BLAST) spatial Multiplexing Technique with equalisation techniques like Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) by BPSK modulation techniques in Rayleigh flat fading channel. Tamashri Sonartiya | Deepak Pancholi"Performance Analysis of V-Blast MIMO System Using Minimum Mean Square Error Equalizer Technique with BPSK" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15804.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/15804/performance-analysis-of-v-blast-mimo-system-using-minimum-mean-square-error-equalizer-technique-with-bpsk/tamashri-sonartiya
The Effects of Interferenceon the Transmission and Coverage in High Buildings
Wireless communication is one of the most rapidly developing technologies in recent time, with wonderful
services and products emerging together. These developments present huge challenges for communication
engineers, as the demand for increased wireless capacity grow fast. Re-using the limited available spectrum will
results a critical issue that affects the system performance, which is co-channel interference. This issue will
limits the uplink coverage and capacity of the wireless system. It is needed to come up with such method of
interference cancellation. We will investigate the transmission in multiple floors building by deploying
femtocell based distributed antenna that connected at each entire floor, the signal will be processed by jointing
all femto base stations for all cells in the building. We will try to introduce a solution to the arising problem of
co-channel interference from frequency reuse, by measuring and analyzing the gain when deploying interference
cancellation at each base station.
Improvement of Fading Channel Modeling Performance for Wireless Channel
Fading channel modeling is generally defined as the variation of the attenuation of a signal with various variables. Time, geographical position, and radio frequency which is included. Fading is often modeled as a random process. Thus, a fading channel is a communication channel that experiences fading. In this paper, the proposed system presents a new design and simulate a wireless channel using Rayleigh channels. Rayleigh channels using two approaches (flat and frequency-selective fading channels) in order to calculate some path space loss efforts and analysis the performance of different wireless fading channel modeling. The results show that the bite error rate (BER) performance is dramatically improved in the value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is equal to 45dB. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the performance of fading channel modeling by reducing the error of BER when the SNR is reduced also. Moreover, the more accurate model is Rayleigh model which can be considered for developing fading channel model.
Shubhisynopsisantenna
This document discusses the design of broadband planar antennas using fractal geometry and defected ground substrates for modern communication systems. The objectives are to design compact planar antennas that can operate at multiple frequencies simultaneously with high gain and bandwidth. The methodology involves simulating rectangular and circular patch antennas, then modifying the patches through fractal iterations and defecting the ground plane. The antennas will be tested for parameters like return loss, input impedance, and radiation patterns. The expected outcomes are broadband, multiband planar antennas that can be integrated into devices like mobile phones for applications in wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering (IJE) Volume (2) Issue (3)
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a Hilbert curve fractal antenna with a coplanar waveguide feed for multi-band wireless communications. The authors designed and simulated a small Hilbert curve fractal antenna using simulation software. They analyzed the antenna using concepts of coplanar waveguide transmission lines and the mathematical definition of fractals to develop electromagnetic and empirical models. These models can predict the antenna's multi-resonance frequencies. Based on experiments, the electromagnetic model had a lower percent difference from experimental results compared to the empirical model, because it used a transmission line model while the empirical model used numerical methods. The models developed will help with the design and fabrication of Hilbert curve fractal antennas.
Techniques for Improving BER and SNR in MIMO Antenna for Optimum Performance
The use of multiple antennas for diversity, including MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is one of the most promising wireless technologies for broadband communication applications. This antenna system is a vital study in today’s wireless communication system especially when the signal propagates through some corrupted environments. In our paper new techniques of improving bit error ratio and signal to noise ratio are discussed. Inter symbol interference is a major limitation of wireless communications. It degrades the performance significantly if the delay spread is comparable or higher than the symbol duration. To remove ISI, equalization needs to be included at the receiver end. This paper discusses the merits of the MIMO system and the techniques used for improving BER performance and SNR. In MIMO wireless communication, an equalizer is used to recover a signal that suffers from Inter symbol Interference (ISI) and the BER characteristics is improved and a good SNR can be obtained. Different equalization techniques are discussed in this paper.
Indoor Radio Propagation Model Analysis Wireless Node Distance and Free Space...
Ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) signals are commonly defined as signals that have a large relative bandwidth
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promising technology for indoor localisation owing to its high bandwidth that permits mitigation of the multipath
identification problem. The work proposed in this paper identifies exact position of transmitter and receiver
wireless nodes, calculates free space path loss and distance between two nodes by considering frequency
bandwidth using 2-point and 3-point Gaussian filter. Also in the paper three types of indoor radio propagation
models are analyzed at ultra wideband frequency range and results are compared to select best suitable model for
setting up indoor wireless connectivity and nodes in typical office, business and college environments and
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Prediction of wireless communication systems in the context of modeling 2-3-4
This document discusses modeling and predicting the performance of wireless communication systems using multiple antennas.
It begins by introducing MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) wireless systems and their advantages over single antenna systems. These include increased range, reduced interference, and improved capacity.
The document then analyzes MIMO system performance over flat fading channels with different fading statistics and levels of channel state information. It also discusses measurement results validating the Rayleigh fading assumption and the impact of mutual antenna coupling.
Finally, it covers stochastic channel models for MIMO systems, extending existing SISO models to the MIMO case. It models the correlation between antenna elements using general correlation models and covariance matrices.
Performance Analysis of V-Blast MIMO System Using Minimum Mean Square Error E...
The V-BLAST MIMO-system some of linear detection techniques can be used for interference cancellation (IC). In this paper, using Minimum Mean Square Error- interference cancellation for the same. In this paper, we analysis of BER performance of Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time Architecture (V-BLAST) spatial Multiplexing Technique with equalisation techniques like Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) by BPSK modulation techniques in Rayleigh flat fading channel. Tamashri Sonartiya | Deepak Pancholi"Performance Analysis of V-Blast MIMO System Using Minimum Mean Square Error Equalizer Technique with BPSK" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15804.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/15804/performance-analysis-of-v-blast-mimo-system-using-minimum-mean-square-error-equalizer-technique-with-bpsk/tamashri-sonartiya
The Effects of Interferenceon the Transmission and Coverage in High Buildings
Wireless communication is one of the most rapidly developing technologies in recent time, with wonderful
services and products emerging together. These developments present huge challenges for communication
engineers, as the demand for increased wireless capacity grow fast. Re-using the limited available spectrum will
results a critical issue that affects the system performance, which is co-channel interference. This issue will
limits the uplink coverage and capacity of the wireless system. It is needed to come up with such method of
interference cancellation. We will investigate the transmission in multiple floors building by deploying
femtocell based distributed antenna that connected at each entire floor, the signal will be processed by jointing
all femto base stations for all cells in the building. We will try to introduce a solution to the arising problem of
co-channel interference from frequency reuse, by measuring and analyzing the gain when deploying interference
cancellation at each base station.
Improvement of Fading Channel Modeling Performance for Wireless Channel
Fading channel modeling is generally defined as the variation of the attenuation of a signal with various variables. Time, geographical position, and radio frequency which is included. Fading is often modeled as a random process. Thus, a fading channel is a communication channel that experiences fading. In this paper, the proposed system presents a new design and simulate a wireless channel using Rayleigh channels. Rayleigh channels using two approaches (flat and frequency-selective fading channels) in order to calculate some path space loss efforts and analysis the performance of different wireless fading channel modeling. The results show that the bite error rate (BER) performance is dramatically improved in the value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is equal to 45dB. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the performance of fading channel modeling by reducing the error of BER when the SNR is reduced also. Moreover, the more accurate model is Rayleigh model which can be considered for developing fading channel model.
Shubhisynopsisantenna
This document discusses the design of broadband planar antennas using fractal geometry and defected ground substrates for modern communication systems. The objectives are to design compact planar antennas that can operate at multiple frequencies simultaneously with high gain and bandwidth. The methodology involves simulating rectangular and circular patch antennas, then modifying the patches through fractal iterations and defecting the ground plane. The antennas will be tested for parameters like return loss, input impedance, and radiation patterns. The expected outcomes are broadband, multiband planar antennas that can be integrated into devices like mobile phones for applications in wireless communication systems.
International Journal of Engineering (IJE) Volume (2) Issue (3)
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a Hilbert curve fractal antenna with a coplanar waveguide feed for multi-band wireless communications. The authors designed and simulated a small Hilbert curve fractal antenna using simulation software. They analyzed the antenna using concepts of coplanar waveguide transmission lines and the mathematical definition of fractals to develop electromagnetic and empirical models. These models can predict the antenna's multi-resonance frequencies. Based on experiments, the electromagnetic model had a lower percent difference from experimental results compared to the empirical model, because it used a transmission line model while the empirical model used numerical methods. The models developed will help with the design and fabrication of Hilbert curve fractal antennas.
Techniques for Improving BER and SNR in MIMO Antenna for Optimum Performance
The use of multiple antennas for diversity, including MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is one of the most promising wireless technologies for broadband communication applications. This antenna system is a vital study in today’s wireless communication system especially when the signal propagates through some corrupted environments. In our paper new techniques of improving bit error ratio and signal to noise ratio are discussed. Inter symbol interference is a major limitation of wireless communications. It degrades the performance significantly if the delay spread is comparable or higher than the symbol duration. To remove ISI, equalization needs to be included at the receiver end. This paper discusses the merits of the MIMO system and the techniques used for improving BER performance and SNR. In MIMO wireless communication, an equalizer is used to recover a signal that suffers from Inter symbol Interference (ISI) and the BER characteristics is improved and a good SNR can be obtained. Different equalization techniques are discussed in this paper.
Indoor Radio Propagation Model Analysis Wireless Node Distance and Free Space...
Ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) signals are commonly defined as signals that have a large relative bandwidth
(bandwidth divided by the carrier frequency) or a large absolute bandwidth. Typical indoor environments contain
multiple walls and obstacles consisting of different materials. The RF ultra wideband (UWB) system is a
promising technology for indoor localisation owing to its high bandwidth that permits mitigation of the multipath
identification problem. The work proposed in this paper identifies exact position of transmitter and receiver
wireless nodes, calculates free space path loss and distance between two nodes by considering frequency
bandwidth using 2-point and 3-point Gaussian filter. Also in the paper three types of indoor radio propagation
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Series/Report no.: Proc. 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Informatics, and Intelligent Technology (RIIT2009);
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An Improved People-Search Technique for Directed Social Network Graphs
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Authors: Vacharasintopchai, Thiti and Nguyen-Huu, Phong
Issue Date: 11-Dec-2009
Type: Article
Series/Report no.: Proc. 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Informatics, and Intelligent Technology (RIIT2009);
Abstract: Social networks offer incredible opportunities for users to create contents and share their experiences. The number of users joining these social networks has been rising dramatically. However, in a social network several users may share the same name. This causes name ambiguity in which search engine returns homogeneous search results for each queried name. To solve this problem we propose an approach to improve search results for finding friends within a large social network by using friendships among users as our backbone feature. Our approach finds most ranked seeds by using PageRank algorithm before computing approximate shortest path in a directed graph. We also retrieve real data from the social network Twitter to verify our approach. Results show that our approach outperforms the SeedBase approach which selects seeds randomly with large margin.
URI: http://dspace.siu.ac.th/handle/1532/718Right light
The document discusses the proper lighting of different rooms, including hostel rooms, hotel rooms, and offices. It notes that lighting is often taken for granted but can create nuance when used intentionally around objects. Floor plans and illustrations are provided showing lighting designs for bedrooms, hotels, and offices using natural daylighting alone or combined with artificial lighting.
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This document provides an example of designing lighting for a classroom and outlines the assumptions and considerations that should be made. It works through calculating the number of fluorescent lamps needed to illuminate a 20m by 15m by 5m classroom with an average illumination of 250 lux. It determines that 34 lamps are needed based on the depreciation factor, maintenance factor, and utilization factor. It then shows the layout, with the lamps arranged in 4 rows of 8 lamps each, spaced 2.5m apart along the length and 3.75m apart along the width. The document provides another homework problem and contact information.
Artificial illumination and night lighting
This document defines key lighting terminology and discusses artificial lighting systems. It defines terms like luminaire, lumen, lux, luminous intensity, and utilization factor. It also covers different lighting systems like incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and sodium lamps. The document discusses lighting design methods, including calculating required fixtures based on illuminance needs, room dimensions, and utilization factor. Design aids discussed include heliodons and software for thermal/lighting analysis like Autodesk Ecotect.
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Light plays a significant role in architecture by affecting how spaces are perceived and experienced. There are two main sources of light - natural light from the sun and sky, and artificial light from electric sources. Natural light is preferable as it provides psychological and health benefits and reduces energy costs. Daylighting techniques like windows, skylights, lightwells, and clerestories are used to introduce natural light into interior spaces. Artificial lighting is also important and includes ambient, accent, task, and decorative types to serve different lighting needs. The dynamic interplay between light, space, and humans is fundamental to architectural design.
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This document presents information about illumination and artificial lighting. It explains that illumination occurs when a material is heated above a certain temperature and begins radiating energy in the form of light. Various types of artificial lights are discussed, including incandescent, fluorescent, sodium vapor, and mercury vapor lamps. Their working principles, startup times, light colors, costs, and common applications are compared. Lighting schemes like direct, indirect, semi-direct, and general diffusing are also explained. The document also covers the laws of illumination, what floodlighting is, and provides references used.
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This document discusses structured cabling networks. It describes open versus closed cabling systems, with open systems being more flexible and allowing voice, video, and data over the same cable. It also discusses backbone and horizontal cabling, topologies like bus, ring and star, benefits like flexibility and lower costs, standards organizations, color coding, and installation practices. The key advantages of structured cabling are flexibility, future-proofing, easy moves and changes, and simplicity.
Illumination:Lighting The World.
This document discusses different types of lighting sources and illumination methods. It describes natural illumination from the sun and stars, and artificial illumination produced electrically from lamps. It defines lighting terms like luminous flux and luminous intensity. It explains different illumination methods like direct, semi-direct, and indirect lighting and their uses. It also discusses different types of electric lamps including incandescent, discharge, mercury, sodium, and fluorescent lamps as well as their characteristics.
Illumination
This document discusses illumination design and lighting concepts. It defines key lighting terms like luminous flux, illuminance, and luminous efficacy. It describes factors to consider in indoor lighting system design like occupancy, space size and shape, and activity type. The document provides examples of calculating average illuminance and number of light fixtures needed using the lumen method based on IESNA recommendations. It also discusses uniformity of light and relationships between mounting height and fixture spacing.
Illumination model
An illumination model, also called a lighting model and sometimes referred to as a shading model, is used to calculate the intensity of light that we should see at a given point on the surface of an object.
Surface rendering means a procedure for applying a lighting model to obtain pixel intensities for all the projected surface positions in a scene.
A surface-rendering algorithm uses the intensity calculations from an illumination model to determine the light intensity for all projected pixel positions for the various surfaces in a scene.
Surface rendering can be performed by applying the illumination model to every visible surface point.
Illumination
the act of illuminating or the state of being illuminated. a source of light, oftenly a light or lights, esp coloured lights, used as decoration in streets, parks, etc.
ILLUMINATION & LIGHTING
This document discusses illumination and lighting schemes. It begins with an introduction to artificial lighting and important terminology like luminous flux and illumination. It then describes different lighting schemes including direct, semi-direct, semi-indirect and indirect lighting. It also discusses the design of indoor lighting schemes and different types of lamps such as incandescent, halogen, discharge and fluorescent lamps. Finally, it covers topics like industrial lighting, street lighting and references used.
Natural light & illumination
Natural light and illumination
This document discusses natural lighting and illumination in buildings. It explains that lighting serves three main purposes: to allow safe movement, task performance, and a pleasant interior. Buildings can be lit naturally through daylight or artificially through electric lamps. Daylight comes from sunlight or skylight. Various methods can control daylight penetration including external screens, glazing types, and interior blinds. The document also discusses illumination levels, daylight factor measurements, glare reduction, innovative daylighting technologies, and the advantages of natural lighting.
Illumination - Method of calculation
There are three main methods for lighting calculations: 1) Watts per square meter, 2) Lumen or light flux, and 3) Point to point or inverse square law. The lumen method is used to estimate illumination patterns from diffuse lighting sources over a broad area. It determines the total installed luminous flux (Φinst) needed to provide the required received flux (Φrec), taking into account the maintenance factor and utilization factor. The utilization factor depends on luminaire properties, room reflectance, distribution of light sources, and the room index. The number of lamps required is calculated as the product of the required flux and area divided by the lamp lumen output and adjustment factors.
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This document provides an overview of various types of electrical lighting sources and illumination concepts. It discusses the basic terms used in illumination like luminous flux, lumen, candle power, and inverse square and Lambert's cosine laws. It then describes different electrical light sources including incandescent, fluorescent, mercury vapor, sodium vapor, neon and halogen lamps. For each light source, it explains the working principle, construction details, advantages and applications. The document serves as a useful reference for understanding various electrical lighting techniques and concepts of illumination.
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Slit lamp (methods of illumination)
This document describes various methods of illumination used with a slit lamp to examine different parts of the eye. Diffuse illumination allows for a general survey of the eye while optic section, parallelepiped, and retroillumination techniques are used to view specific structures like the cornea, lens, and vitreous in more detail. Different angles of illumination like tangential, conical beam, and oscillatory help observe surface textures, cells in the aqueous humor, and lens opacities. Precise illumination techniques are crucial for comprehensive eye exams.
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The document discusses different network topologies including mesh, star, bus, ring, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it describes the logical layout, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of applications. Mesh topology has every device connected to every other device but requires a large amount of cabling. Star topology has each device connected to a central hub, requiring less cabling than mesh. Bus topology uses a single backbone that devices connect to via taps. Ring topology passes signals in one direction between devices connected in a closed loop. Tree topology connects multiple star networks. A hybrid uses elements of different topologies under a single backbone. Factors like cost, cable needs, growth and cable type should be considered when choosing a topology
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This document discusses harmonics in electrical systems. It explains that harmonics are distortions in the normal sinusoidal waveform that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, and can be odd or even harmonics. It focuses on third harmonics which are three times the fundamental frequency, and how magnetic saturation and hysteresis can affect the current waveform by introducing distortions from harmonic components.
8-1
The document discusses phase relations in transformers, including the general format of the sine wave and how the trigonometric functions of cosine and sine are related based on phase shifts of 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees. Several examples are provided to illustrate phase relations between cosine and sine.
7-1
This document discusses paralleling single and three-phase transformers to increase capacity and reliability. It covers connecting transformers in parallel in both star and delta configurations and how load is divided between the transformers when they are run in parallel. Parallel operation allows for increased capacity when demand is high and continuity of supply if one transformer fails or is taken offline.
6-2
This document discusses various types of single and three phase transformers, including star delta and delta-delta connections, name plate designations for phase shift transformers, open delta transformers, providing three-phase supply from three-phase transformers, and performing polarity tests on three-phase transformers using lamps or a voltmeter.
6-1
This document discusses different connection methods for single-phase and three-phase transformers, including connecting single-phase transformers, phase shifts in three-phase connections, and the star-star, delta-star, and delta connections used for three-phase transformers.
5-2
This document discusses safe working procedures for single and three phase transformers, potential transformers, and current transformers used for Energex metering. It provides guidance on safely working with different types of transformers.
5-1
This document discusses different types of transformers used in electrical systems, including single and three phase transformers, potential transformers (PT or VT) that step down high voltages for measurement, current transformers that reduce high currents for measurement, and how potential (PT) and current (VT) transformers connect to instruments.
4-2
The document outlines temperature settings and signals for cooling devices like oil pumps and fans on single and three phase transformers. It provides temperature thresholds for when cooling devices turn on and off, when alarm and trip signals activate based on oil and winding temperature, and discusses different types of transformer tappings including off-circuit and on-load tap changing.
4-1
This document discusses transformer auxiliary equipment, including the conservator, breather, explosion vent, pressure relief device, Buchholtz relay, and temperature indicators. These components help monitor and regulate things like pressure, temperature, gas accumulation, and moisture levels within the transformer to protect it from damage.
3-2
This document discusses different types of transformers used in single and three phase systems, including dry type transformers and Abb resibloc transformers. It also covers different cooling methods for transformers like transformer oil cooling, and discusses the properties, testing, and replacement of transformer oil. Synthetic liquid cooling is also mentioned.
3-1
This document discusses insulation classes and temperature rise in transformers. It provides a table showing insulation classes A, B, F and H and their corresponding ambient temperature, rise by resistance, hot spot allowance, and maximum hottest spot temperature. The document also mentions reading a chapter on insulation classes and temperature rise in Jenneson's book, and covers transformer heat dissipation and methods of natural and forced cooling.
2-3
This document discusses calculating voltage regulation from short circuit tests, determining prospective fault current for single and three phase transformers, and all day efficiency of transformers. It provides information on testing and evaluating the performance of single and three phase transformer systems.
2-2
This document discusses single and three phase transformers and how to determine their equivalent circuit values. It covers the demagnetizing effect, voltage drops due to load current, and describes tests like the d.c. resistance test, open circuit test, and short circuit test which are used to find the equivalent circuit values for transformers. An example is also provided.
2-1
This document discusses the equivalent circuit of single and three phase transformers, including transformer losses from magnetic flux and core losses. It also covers the effect that different loads have on the secondary winding of a transformer.
1-1
This document provides an overview of key topics related to single and three phase transformers, including their construction and operation, the EMF equation, voltage and turns ratios, power equations, and significance of nameplate data items. Learners are directed to read specific chapters in a Jenneson textbook to learn more about transformers, transformer equations, and how to interpret nameplate information.
51 53
Proper maintenance and inspection is required to ensure emergency lighting systems function properly in the event of a power outage. Fire alarm systems must meet certain principles, terms and requirements to effectively detect fires and notify occupants. Radioactive smoke alarms that are no longer functional must be disposed of following applicable regulations due to their hazardous materials.
47 50
Security lighting uses infrared scanning to detect movement and activate lights, while emergency evacuation lighting provides illumination in case of emergency exits. There are different types of emergency lighting systems that can provide illumination for evacuating a building when there is no main power.
45 46
This document provides instructions for calculating the lighting requirements for flood lighting an area. It explains that the total lumens required can be calculated by multiplying the area in square meters by the desired lux level. It then states that the number of lamps needed is equal to the total lumens divided by the lumen output of the selected lamp type.
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wb1-1
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- 2. Common Terms
- 3. Block or Backbone Cabling
- 8. Backmount
- 9. Riser
- 10. Penetration
- 11. Leadin Cable
- 12. Cable Pathway
- 13. Campus
- 14. Topology
- 15. Work Station
- 16. Cabinet
- 17. Vertical