The document discusses guidelines for preparing detailed project reports (DPRs) for rural road projects in Madhya Pradesh. It provides details on conducting social and environmental safeguard assessments during the project preparation phase, including using transect walks for community participation. Emphasis is placed on incorporating social screening, obtaining community input, and addressing road safety, gender participation, environmental protection, and other safeguard issues in the DPR preparation process.

1. Madhya Pradesh Rural
Connectivity Project
(MPRCP)
Dr Deepak Kumar Tripathi
researchenviro@gmail.com
9755104410

2. S.
No.
Dist
Completed
DPR
Length
(in Km)
Population
Roads in
Tribal
block
Avg. Cost
per KM
(Lakhs)
1
Chhindwa
ra 65 160.00 14647 3 24.89
2 Katni 65 143.23 20419 0 26.34
3 Umariya 21 48.36 4336 1 26.43
Total 151 351.59 39402 4

3. Transect Walk including
disseminate of information
• For Community Participant
• Social Safeguard
• Environment Checklist
• Road Safety Safeguard
Field Survey
• Topographic
• Traffic
• Hydraulic
• Soil / Material
Design & DPR Preparation
• Geometric Design
• Pavement Design
• Drainage Design
• Improvement as
suggested by MPRRDA

4. DPR have been prepared on the template
provided by World Bank.
DPR template has 19 chapters, formats &
figures.
DPR Template-DPR Template-

5. S. No
Chapter of DPR Templates used
by MPRRDA
Chapter of DPR templates Suggested
by World Bank for MPRCP
1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
2
PLANNING AND BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATION
PLANNING AND BASIC DESIGN
CONSIDERATION AND ADOPTED
GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS
3 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
4
SOIL AND MATERIAL SURVEY SOIL AND MATERIAL SURVEY
5 TRAFFIC SURVEY TRAFFIC SURVEY
6 HYDROLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGICAL SURVEY
7
GEOMETRIC DESIGN
STANDARDS
DESIGN OF JUNCTIONS
DPR Template-DPR Template-
Cont..

6. S. No
Chapter of DPR Templates
used by MPRRDA
Chapter of DPR templates
Suggested by World Bank for
MPRCP
8
ALIGNMENT DESIGN
CURVES DESIGN /
IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING
CURVES
9 PAVEMENT DESIGN PAVEMENT DESIGN
10
DESIGN OF CROSS DRAINAGE
DESIGN OF CROSS DRAINAGE
WORKS
11
PROTECTIVE WORKS &
DRAINAGE
PROTECTION WORK AND
DRAINAGE
12 LAND ACQUISITION LAND REQUIREMENT
13
UTILITY
SHIFTING/RELOCATION
UTILITY SHIFTING/RELOCATION
14
ROAD SAFETY AND TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND
ROAD SAFETY MEASURES
DPR Template-DPR Template-
Cont..

7. S. No
Chapter of DPR Templates used
by MPRRDA
Chapter of DPR templates
Suggested by World Bank for
MPRCP
15 SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION
16 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
17 ANALYSIS OF RATES ANALYSIS OF RATES
18 COST ESTIMATE COST ESTIMATE
19 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM
DPR Template-DPR Template-

8. 1. Social screening and Community
Participation
2. Environment Safeguard and
Checklist
3. Emphasis on Road Safety

9. MPRRDA has issued guidelines time to time to
improve the DPR preparations. These are the
some important points as below-:
Letter No. 14484/World
Bank/MPRCP/MPRRDA/16 Dated 27/6/2016.
 At Start point met with the major road provide
flayer to increase visibility of both side vehicles.
 Use Road marking Thermoplastic items as
required to the curve and junction.

10. Letter No.19139 14484/World Bank/MPRCP-04
/MPRRDA/16 Dated 07/09/2016.
Wherever traffic load is more then 2msa, design will
be according the traffic and crust and carriageway
width should be 3.75m and road width must be 6.00m.
DPR consultant should attach Transect walk minutes
with the DPR.

11. Letter No.16817/22/V-12/T-3/MPRRDA/16
Dated 30/07/2016.
 Loosening, leveling and compacting gravel surface to facilitate
placement of first layer of WBM/gravel course. Scarifying
original surface up to a depth of 150mm,making proper
camber, super elevation, maintaining required longitudinal and
cross profile using suitable methods/procedures by equipments
i.e. with rollers of 80-100KN static weight to achieve the
desired density with using grader etc. mixing with water at
OMC complete as per specifications and direction of Engineer-
in-charge.

12. Benefits of encouraging community participation in
road development…
Involvement of primary stakeholders increases
sustainability of the road
Increases ownership which results in better maintenance
of the road
Develops supportive environment between community
members, Project Implementation Unit [PIU] and
contractors
Incorporation of community perspectives and local
realities improve the design of the road
 Grievances are resolved locally

14. Using transect walk as a tool for active
participation of community in each aspect of
the road
Developing relevant and contextual IEC
materials and collaterals
Going beyond the conventional ways and
means to ensure greater community
involvement and ownership
Community Participation forCommunity Participation for
Safeguard – How?Safeguard – How?

15. 3. Collect all
the Safeguard
Related
Obligatory
Points with
Community
Consensus.
4. Detail
Discussion &
Documentation of
Community
Demand.
5. Understand & Document
women’s Requirements.
6. Identification and Documentation
of Affected Person & their Linkage
with Government Schemes.
9. Formation of
Infrastructure Support &
Grievances Redressal
Committee with Community
Consensus.
1. Information Dissemination
Before Conducting Transect
Walk.
8. Awareness
Sessions on Road
Safety &
Maintenance
Aspects with
Community
Members at End
Point of the Road.
7. Awareness
Sessions on Road
Safety Aspects with
Teachers & Students
in Schools.
2. Encourage Community
Members Specially Women
to Participant in the
Transect Walk & Share the
Objective of the Transect
Walk to the Community.
Transect Walk
An effective
Process

16. A. Information Dissemination Before Conducting
Transect Walk to villagers.
B. Encourage Community Specially Women to
Participate in the Transect Walk & Share the
Objective of the Transect Walk to the Community.
C. Collect all the Safeguard Related required Points
with Community Consensus.
D. Detail Discussion & Documentation of Community
Demand.
E. Understand & Document women’s Requirements

17. F. Identification and Documentation of Affected Person
& their Linkage with Government Schemes
G. Awareness Sessions on Road Safety Aspects with
Teachers & Students in Schools
H. Awareness Sessions on Road Safety & Maintenance
Aspects with Community Members at End Point of
the Road
I. Formation of Infrastructure Support & Grievances
Redressal Committee with Community Consensus.
Transect Walk Process Adopted by IDC

18. Social Safeguards and Gender
Participants
Environmental Safeguards
Road safety

19. FORMAT FOR RECORDING TRANSECT WALK SUMMARY
Name of District :-
Name of Block :-
Name of Road :-
Total Road Length :-
Date -
1) Number of Participants in the Transect walk
S.No. Details Qty Remark
1 · Female headed household: 0
2 · Scheduled Caste: 7
3 · Scheduled Tribe: 3
4 . OBC/ General 0
5 · Disabled: 0
6 · BPL: 0
7
· Households losing
structure: 0
Total Number of Participants in the Transect walk:- 10
Social Safeguards

20. 2)
FORMAT FOR RECORDING TRANSECT WALK SUMMARY
Issues and suggestions raised by the Participants
S.No. Details Out come Remark
1 Road alignment and design in general:
Project road is proposed on existing CMGSY alignment
and up gradation of same has been considered.
2 Road width and land availability: -
Availability of road width is 8.00 m to 9.050 m in
Open area and in habitation area it is 6.46 m to 6.56
m.
3
Sensitive locations (forests, cultural properties,
etc.):
There is a temple at Rd 160 m, 10 m away from center
line of road on RHS.
4
Water-related issues (drainage lines, rivers and
water crossings, irrigation water sources, other
water bodies, etc.):
There are 1 nos of Cross Drainages existing . There is 1
well at Rd 225 m, 25 m away from center line on RHS .
5
Road safety-related issues (major junctions,
curves, bends, etc.):
There are 5 Sharp curves on present alignment.
There is School at 150 m,5 m away from center line on
LHS.Proper road safety signages, speed breakers
needs to be provided for road safety to reduce the risk
of accidents.
6
Other suggestions (such as regarding cattle
crossing, borrow pits, etc.):
Proper ramp for cattles crossing have been demanded
by the community.
3) Major Outcomes of the Transect Walk:
1 Changes to be incorporated in the design: Field crossings and ramps needs to be provided.
2
Extent of land take and
willingness/unwillingness of land owner/users
for donation: Not Required
3 Other issues: No other Issues raised by community.
Social Safeguards

21. Social Safeguards

22. Road MAP

23. Road MAP

24. Chainage wise Transect Walk Findings
Chainage (m)
Existing
Land
Width
(m)
Additional
Land
Required Losses Type of loss
Village
Remarks/
SuggestionsFrom To LHS RHS LHS RHS LHS RHS
0 100 6.2 - - BT proposed
100 200 6.1 - - BT proposed
200 300 6.1 - - BT proposed
300 400 6.2 - - BT proposed
400 500 5.8 - - BT proposed
Social Safeguards transect walk

25. Social Safeguards-
Transect walk Consultation

26. Social Safeguards -
Utility Shifting

27. Social Safeguard -
Land Width Availability

28. Gender Participant
Community Consultation

29. Environmental Safeguards-Environmental Safeguards-
Water Logging along the roadWater Logging along the road

30. Environmental Safeguards-
Protection for tree along the road

31. Environmental Safeguards-
Water body cross along the road

32. RURAL ROADS: ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST
Name of District :- Katni
Name of Block :- Bahoriband
Name of Road :- Paharua to Gudiyapura
Total Road Length :- 2.3
A. Climatic Conditions
Temperature
High: 42-45 °C (May)
Low: 8-10°C (Dec)
Humidity
High: 80%(Aug)
Low: 45 % (Dec)
Rainfall 1140 mm/year
Rainy Season month 15th June to 15th September
B. Location of the Road and Generic description of Environment
S.No. Type of Ecosystem Yes No Explanation
1
Type of Terrain (Plain/Hilly/ Mountainous etc.)
(Explain the topography of the area and how many km of the road are located in the hilly area)
Plain
Altitude:
The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations.
2
Forest Area
(Explain whether the road passes through forest areas or located along the forest areas and distance
from shoulder to the forest area)
No
Density/Vegetation Coverage
Type of Vegetation from Ch-:
Legal Status of the Forest Area:
(Reserved, National Park, Sanctuaries, Unclassified, etc.)
3
Lake/ Swap/Pond/ water logging area
(Explain the distance of the road shoulder from the edge of the lake)
No
Type of water body (Lake, pond, stream):
Status: Protected, Unprotected
From Ch-
4
Wildlife
(Explain whether there are any wildlife species in the project area)
No
Name of animals:
Endangered species (if any):
5
Inhabited Area
(habitation on both side LHS and RHS)
Yes
Gudiyapura habitation from Ch-2000 to 2300 m both side along
the projected road.
6 Agricultural Land Yes
There is agriculture land from Ch- 1100 m to 1400 m along the
projected.
7 Barren Land / Grazing land Yes
Grazing land from RD- 100 m to 1100 m & 1400m to 2000m both
side along the projected road.
8 Flat Area No

33. C. Description of the Road Environment
Parameter/ Component Yes No Explanation
9 Is the area along the project road prone to flooding problems? No
10
Along the road and within 500 m of the road shoulder, is there any
area with natural habitat? No
11
Along the road and within 500 m of the road shoulder, is there any
species of flora and fauna that is classified as endangered species? No
12
Along the road and within 500 m of the road shoulder, is there any
faunal breeding ground?
No
13
Along the road and within 500 m of the road shoulder, is there any
bird migration area? No
14
Are there any trees with a DbH of 30 cm or more within 10 m on
either side from the center line of the road alignment?
(If yes attach list of trees indicating the location (right or left side)and
the chainage)
Yes
Total tree:- 23 Nos
Tree will be affected: 4Nos
No. of Trees
LHS 11
RHS 12
D. Public Consultation
Consultation Activities Yes No Remarks
15
Consultation with local community was conducted before finalizing
the alignment?
(provide the issues raised by the community) Yes
Project road is proposed on existing CMGSY road so
that alignment is already finalized still the alignment
was discussed with the community.
16 Any suggestion received in finalizing the alignment No
Community expressed their happiness on learning that
the connectivity will be provided with the bituminous
Top.
17 If suggestion received do they get incorporated into design? Yes
Community demanded for field crossings pipe . Field
crossings are proposed at agriculture area and
incorporated
Attachment:
1) Sketch of strip map of the road covering details of at least 10 m on either side from the center line of the road
2) List of trees indicating location (left or right side of the road) and Chainage (as required SN 14).
3) Photographs of the project area showing important features (Atleast 6 photos).

34. E. Impacts and proposed Mitigation Measures ( Describe concisely the potential impacts and indicate the proposed mitigation measures by
referring to the number of the Environmental Management Standard ECOP in the main test)
Consultation Activities Yes No Remarks
18 Encroachment on historical/ cultural areas? No Project road will not be passing through any such zone.
19 Disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills and quarries? No
As the project road is upgradation of existing CMGSY road,
cut and fill quantities are not much to disturb the
landscape.
20 Encroachment of precious ecology (e.g. sensitive of protected areas)? No Alignment is not passing through any protected area.
21
Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads,
resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion
at construction site? No No major stream is passing through the project road.
22
Deterioration of surface water due to sanitary wastes from worker based
camps and chemicals and chemicals used in construction? No
As the project road is very small, normally contractors
deploy local labourer for construction work.
23
Inconvenient environmental condition due to poor sanitation and solid waste
disposal in construction camps and work sites? No
Normally no labour camps are established for the small
rural roads .
24
Inconvenient Environmental condition due possible transmission of
communicable diseases from workers to local populations? No
Precautionary measures will be adopted by the contractor
as per provisions given in the SBD
25 Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff? No
26
Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting, and filling works.
And chemicals from asphalt processing? No
No such activity like rock cutting or blasting will be
involved in the project road .
27 Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works? No
No such activity like rock cutting or blasting will be
involved in the project road .
28 Inconvenience due to land slide of erosion? No The project road is passing through the flat terrain.
29 Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? No No PAP in the project road.
30
Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living condition in the
project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and
stress? No
Care will be taken during the construction activity by
sprilinking of water near the working / habitation zone.
31 Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease? No
32
Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic leading to loss of
life? No
Proper road safety measures like cautionary and warning
signages, speed breakers PPEs etc will be placed to reduce
the risk of accidents.
33 Inconvenience due to transportation of construction materials? No
Water sprinkling will be done on the project / haulage
road, vehicles with proper PUC will be allowed to ply on
the road.

35. F.
Permit/ Clearance Required Prior to Commencing Civil Work
Type of Permit/ Clearance Yes No Obtained from
Remarks (recommended
time to apply for the
permit/ clearance)
1 Contractor work insurance copy Contractor
2 Forest clearance if required PIU/Contractor
3 Vehicle Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate Contractor
4 Hot Mix plant establishment certificate by SPCB Contractor
5 Utilities shifting certificate/permissions/Letters PIU/Contractor
6 License quarry certificate Contractor/PIU
7 For water extraction Contractor
Additional land requirement the required Right of Way (ROW) for this formation width is already available. Certificate
of ground verification from the head of PIU indicates available ROW (if any) as below:
Location/Chainage Additional land (in m)
Sufficient width is available in entire length of the project road
Summary of impacts
Impact Details (if there are any impacts)
Total number of HH (house hold) affected Nil
Total number of Titleholder Nil
Total number of Non-Titleholders Nil
Total number of vulnerable HH affected due to proposed project Nil
Total number of community Property Resources affected Nil
Remarks (if any):

36. List of Trees
Chainage (m) Left Right
00-100 4 1
100-200 1 1
200-300 1 1
300-400 - -
400-500 1 -
500-600 - -
600-700 - -
700-800 - -
800-900 - -
900-1000 - -
1000-1100 - -
1100-1200 - -
1200-1300 - 1
1300-1400 - -
1400-1500 - -
1500-1600 1 -
1600-1700 1 2
1700-1800 1 1
1800-1900 - 2
1900-2000 1 2
2000-2100 - -
2100-2200 - -
2200-2300 - 1

37. 1. Horizontal curves and steep vertical curves
including hairpin bends
Mitigation measures: Caution boards, Super
Elevation, Extra width, Guard post and Rumble strips,
Edge Marking
2. Junctions-Y type, T type and four legged
Mitigation measures: Flares at junctions to increase
the Visibility, Caution boards and Rumble strips, Edge
Marking

38.  High embankment or Hilly terrain
Mitigation measures: Guard post/crash barrier on the valley side ,
Edge Marking
 Land slide prone zones
Mitigation measures: Slope protection and caution boards
 Stream / canal running parallel to road
Mitigation measures: Slope protection to control soil erosion /
retaining wall for slope stabilization, Edge Marking

39.  Electric post and trees near the carriageway
Mitigation measures: Put reflectors for enhancing
visibility
Height of electric line crossing
Mitigation measures: Check for the vertical clearance
and shift / Increase height if required

40. Cross Drainages Hazard
Trees on the alignment
School and Junction
 High Embankment
Curve

41. Road Safety Hazard

43. Road Safety –
School and junction

47. Geometric design of roads deals with the dimensions
and layout of visible features of the Roads.
Proper geometric design will help in the reduction of
accidents and their severity.
Maximize the comfort, safety .
Provide efficiency in traffic operation.
Provide maximum safety at reasonable cost.
Minimize the environmental impacts.

48.  Design speed.
 Topography.
 Traffic.
 Environmental factors.
 Economical factors.
 Vehicles properties (dimensions, weight, operating
characteristics, etc.).
 Humans (the physical, mental and psychological
characteristics of the driver and pedestrians like the
reaction time).

49. Plan
straight portion and Curve
Design Speed
The proposed design speed along this project road is as follows:
Road
classification
Plain
terrain
Rolling
terrain
Mountainous
terrain
Steep terrain
Ruling Min. Ruling Min. Ruling Min. Ruling Min.
Rural Roads
(ODR and VR) 50 40 40 35 25 20 25 20

50. Horizontal alignment in road design consists of straight
sections of road, known as tangents, connected
by circular horizontal curves.

51. Terrain Classification Roadway Width (m)
Plain and Rolling
The standard roadway width is 7.50 m but
adopted 6.0 m for link road as per MoRD
guideline.
Mountainous and
Steep
6.0

52. Design Speed (km/hr)
Safe Stopping Sight
Distance (m)
20 20
30 30
40 45
50 60

53. Radius of Horizontal Curve
According to IRC recommendations/standards, the minimum radius of
horizontal curve for this project road is given below:
To minimize extra land arrangement, minimum radius used is 20 m and
design speed in these curves are also restricted to 20 km/hr.
Radius of Curve (m) Upto 20 21 - 60 Above 60
Extra Widening for 3.00 m wide
single lane carriageway, (m)
0.9 0.6 Nil
Terrain Category
Radius of Horizontal Curve (m)
Ruling Minimum Absolute Minimum
Plain 90 60

54. Camber & Super elevation
A camber of 3.50 % will be provided along the carriageway & 4.50% will
be provided along the earthen shoulder. The maximum super elevation
for this project road will be 7 % & 10 % in plain & hilly terrain section
respectively.

55. It is the design of the road in the horizontal plane.
Consists of a series of tangents (straight lines), circular
curves and transition curves.
Should provide safe travel at a uniform design speed.

56. is the slope across pavement surface and is fully
developed in the circular curve.
(or)
Super-elevation (banking) is the transverse slope
provided at horizontal curve to counteract the
centrifugal force, by raising the outer edge of the
pavement with respect to the inner edge, throughout
the length of the horizontal curve.
So super elevation helps the vehicle to over come the
centrifugal force on the curves on pavements

57. Vertical alignment is the longitudinal section (shown
on the y-axis of a road, it consists of straight grades
joined by vertical curves.
Vertical alignment specifies the elevations of points
along the roadway.

58. Vertical Alignment
The present road is in plain terrain and vertical alignment has been
designed well within ruling gradient. Generally, minimum gradient of
0.3% for drainage purpose is considered for designing the vertical
alignment of this road. Vertical curves are not required when grade change
is less than 1%, however a minimum vertical curve is provided to avoid
vertical kink.
Vertical Curves
For satisfactory appearance, the minimum length of vertical curve for
different design speed is taken from IRC-SP 20:2002. Vertical curves of the
road are designed to provide the visibility at least corresponding to the
safe stopping sight distance. Valley curves will be designed for headlight
sight distance.

60. Road Junctions are designed at places where
vehicular traffic can move in different directions in a
systematic way. Road Junctions decrease the
probability of accidents. The traffic at Road junctions
is controlled and resumed in a systematic way to
proceed further in their respective directions with
the help of traffic signals. Design of Road Junctions
is a crucial subject. Understanding the nature of
traffic, the kind of area, density of population etc is
very important so as to propose a suitable road
Junction design.

61. T-Junction Y-Junction
Acute Angle Junction Staggered Junction

62. Road Name- Navegaon to Path Block- Chhindwara
Dist.- Chhindwara CMGSY Length- 1.6 Km
Gap Length- 1.465
CMGSY Start Point Gap Start Point

64. Bituminous surfacing serves the following
purposes:
Improves the riding quality
Seals the surface, thus preventing the entry of water
which would otherwise weaken the pavement
structure.
Protects the granular base from the damaging
effects of traffic.

65. 1.1. Specifications for Rural Roads, MORD(2004).Specifications for Rural Roads, MORD(2004).
2.2. Rural Roads Manual IRC:SP:20-2002.Rural Roads Manual IRC:SP:20-2002.
3. MORD Quality Assurance Hand book for Rural Roads3. MORD Quality Assurance Hand book for Rural Roads
Volume I and II :2007Volume I and II :2007
4. Hill Road Manual: IRC:SP:48-1998.4. Hill Road Manual: IRC:SP:48-1998.
5. IRC:SP: 72-2007: Guidelines for design of flexible5. IRC:SP: 72-2007: Guidelines for design of flexible
pavements for low volume Rural Roadspavements for low volume Rural Roads
6. IRC:SP: 62-2004 Guidelines for Design6. IRC:SP: 62-2004 Guidelines for Design
of Rigid Pavements for Rural Roadsof Rigid Pavements for Rural Roads

66. General
Criteria for determining the pavement (flexible)
Thickness is vertical compressive strain comes to the
subgrade due to the standard axle laden of magnitude 8.17
kN (8170 kg) , if more than this causes permanent
deformation in form of rutting. The maximum rutting can
be accepted in village road as 50 mm before maintenance
and the analytical evaluation can be done according to
IRC:37.
For rigid and semi-rigid pavement tensile stress is taken as
the design criteria.

67. Subgrade Sub-base course
Base course Surface course

68. Sub grade
To provide support to the pavement as its foundation.
Top 30 cm of the cutting or embankment at formation
level in rural roads consider as sub-grade.
A minimum of 100% of standard proctor compaction
should be attain in sub-grade.
For clayey soil 95% and moisture content of 2% in excess
of optimum value.
Soil below sub-grade should be compacted to 97% of
standard proctor compaction.

69. Sub-base course:
Selected materials placed on sub-grade which is
compacted to 98% of IS heavy compaction.
Function of sub-base is to distribute the stresses over a
wide area of the sub-grade imposed by the traffic.
Materials:
CBR of 15%
Passing through 425 micron IS sieve
L.L<25 and P.I<6

70. Base course
to with stand high stress concentrations which develop
due to traffic under the wearing surface.
Different types of base course used are:
WBM
Crusher-run macadam
Dry lean concrete
Soft aggregate base course
Lime-fly ash concrete

71. Surface course:
Thickness of surface course depend upon the traffic
volume and type of material used for it.
For gravel roads extra thickness should be provided
because of lost in thickness due to the traffic action.
Bituminous wearing courses must be made up of good
quality aggregate with aggregate impact value not
exceeding 30 % in order to reduce degradation of
aggregates by crushing.

72. New Roads/Upgradation
Estimation of Traffic
Assessment of sub grade strength
Determination of pavement thickness and
composition

73. Composition of Rural Traffic
Traffic cannot calculated of AADT
Traffic Growth Rate
As per IRC-72-2015, It is recommended that an average
annual growth rate of 6% over the design life may be
adopted.
Design Life
A design life of 10 years is recommended for purposes of
pavement design.

74. Determination of ESAL
The Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) is a multiplier for
converting the number of commercial vehicles of different
axel loads to the number of standard axel load repetitions.
As per IRC- 72-2015
Vehicle Type Laden Unladed/Partially Laden
HCC 2.86 0.31
MCV 0.34 0.02
N=T0 x 365 x [(1+0.01r)n -1/0.01r] x L

75. Where T0 = ESAL per day = number of commercial
vehicles per day in the year of opening x VDF
And L = lane distribution factor; L = 1 for single
lane /intermediate lane

76. The traffic parameter has been categorized into 7
categories as under:
T1 : 10,000 to 30,000 ESAL applications
T2 : 30,000 to 60,000 ESAL applications
T3 : 60,000 to 1,00,000 ESAL applications
T4 : 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 ESAL applications
T5 : 2,00,000 to 3,00,000 ESAL applications
T6 : 3,00,000 to 6,00,000 ESAL applications
T7 : 6,00,000 to 10,00,000 ESAL applications

77. Soil Surveys
For each of the soil groups thus identified, at
least one CBR test should be conducted with
the soil compacted to the standard Proctor
density and at a moisture content
corresponding to the wettest state
considered appropriate to the site conditions.

78. There are five sub grade strength classes S1,
S2, S3, S4 & S5 covering a range of CBR values
from 2 to 15, for each of which, the pavement
thickness and composition requirements are
given under different traffic categories in
terms of ESAL applications.

79. Traffic Survey Soil Investigation

81. Traffic-
As per the IRC:37 design traffic should be 0.1 msa to 2 msa
(million standard axles).
Weight of commercial vehicle (laden) is considered as 3
tones or more.
For design traffic we consider the existing traffic and rate
of growth is 6 % consider.
Traffic study should be done as per the IRC:37.

82. Road Name - T08 To Rampetdwami
Dist – Chhinidwara, Block - Sausar

85. Design Standards for culverts has been prepared based on standard
codes and guidelines of IRC: SP: 20: 2002 and similar type of
ongoing projects. General features of the designed cross drainage
structures are given below: -
 Width of Culvert: 7.5 m including thickness of parapet.
 Width of Bridge: 6.0 m with parapet.
 Invert Level: Fixed 15 cm below existing GL/Drain bed
level as shown in drawing.
 Finished Level: Top level of culverts generally will match
with the finished road level and wherever is not
possible the profile will be matched by
providing 1 (V): 25 (H).

86. Are constructed to carry traffic over natural waterways that
flow below the right of way of the Roads .
They also provide the flow of water below the Roads , along
the natural channel without disturbing its course.
Concern is always to provide adequate size structure
(opening is sufficiently large to discharge expected flow of
water).
Major Structures: Bridges
Minor Structures: short-span bridges and culverts

87.  Important to select culvert location (Station no.), alignment, and
grade
 Location:
1. Bottom of depression where no natural water course exist.
2. Where natural stream intersect the roadway.
 Alignment:
1. Conform with natural stream
2. Cross roadway at right angles (economy)
3. Skew culverts are needed sometimes
 Grade:
1. Conform to existing grade of stream
2. Reduced grades through culverts…..velocity
reduction…..sediments deposition….reduce capacity
3. Increasing culvert grade…..velocity increase…..erosion at outlet
and beyond.

88.  Categories:
1- Longitudinal drains:
 pipes laid in trenches within the pavement structure and parallel to
the center line of the HWY.
 Used to lower the water table below the pavement structure .
 Used to remove seeping water into the .
 When water table is very high, two rows of longitudinal drains can
be used.
2- Transverse drains:
 Place transversely below the pavement, perpendicular to the center
line.
3- Horizontal drains:
 Used to relieve pore pressure at slopes of cuts and embankments on
the Roads.
 Consist of small-diameter perforated pipes inserted into the slopes
of the cut or fill

89. Control of groundwater encountered in Roads locations.
Purpose: control seepage, lowering ground water table, base
and shallow sub grade drains.
Circular pipes laid at suitable depth in a trench, which is
then backfilled with porous granular material.
Pipes materials: Porous concrete, perforated metal, or
vitrified clay
Slope: steep enough to prevent deposition or setting of
materials entering the pipe through joints or perforations.
Intercepting drains, lowering water table, and base drainage.

90. 1. Obtain all site data & plot a roadway cross section
at the culvert site, including a profile of the
stream channel.
2. Establish the culvert elevations, inlets and outlets,
and determine culvert length and slope.
3. Select a type and size of culvert.
4. Examine the need for energy dissipaters.

91.  Major Phases
1. Estimate quantity of water that is expected to reach the
system.
2. The hydraulic design of each element in the system.
3. The comparison of alternative system to select most
economical system.

92. Purpose:
To provide a drainage facility or system that will
adequately and economically drain the
estimated flow throughout the design life
without unreasonable risks to the roadway
structure or near by property.

93. Estimate of Run Off
Existing stream…..use available records.
Return Period (RP): Estimated frequency for rare
events (floods) (i.e. peak design flow).
R P = 50yrs for interstate, = 10 – 25 yrs for streets
and roads, and 5 – 10 yrs for light traffic facilities.

94. Flood frequency
Statistical based
Indicate mean annual flood as a function of the size of the
drainage area for each hydrological region.
Engineers design drainage facilities to accommodate the
peak flow.

95.  Rain fall intensity is function of
1. Duration of rainfall.
2. Occurrence (return period).
Note: Small durations provide higher rainfall intensity.
 Duration of rainfall is chosen based on the time of
concentration

96. Time of concentration: It is the duration of rainfall required
to produce the max. rate of run off.
Time of concentration = Time of flow (over land + in
drainage system)
Time of over land flow: time for a water particle to travel
from most remote point in drainage area to point where it
enters the drainage system.
Time of over land flow = F (Slope, type of surface, length,…)
Estimates of flow in drainage system can be made from
observed or computed velocities of flow.

97. Q = CM 3/4
M = Catchment area in Sq. Km
C = Constant varying from 14-19 in MP (Consider C
=17)
Small bridge-(site length of which exceeds 15 m)
was decided & designed after joint visit by STA
and S.E. as per SP-20 & SP-13 and relevant IRC
Codes for Bridges.

98. V = [R2/3
* S1/2
]/ n
V = Mean Velocity (m/s).
R = Hydraulic radius (m) = [Area / wetted perimeter].
S = Slope of channel.
n = Manning’s roughness coefficient.
Q = A V