Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through matter or space by generating a series of pulses. There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves, which require a medium, and electromagnetic waves, which do not. Mechanical waves can be transverse, with vibrations perpendicular to the wave direction, longitudinal, with vibrations along the wave direction, or surface waves combining the two. Key properties of waves include wavelength, amplitude, frequency, period, and speed.
WAVES
INTRODUCTION
A wave is a period disturbance which transfers energy from one place to another.
There are two types of waves:
1. Mechanical waves
2. Electromagnetic waves
WAVES
INTRODUCTION
A wave is a period disturbance which transfers energy from one place to another.
There are two types of waves:
1. Mechanical waves
2. Electromagnetic waves
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1. Wave
Waves are disturbances in a medium that generates a series of
pulse traveling at a regular interval carrying energy through
matter or space.
2. Classification:
Pulse Wave – A wave that is consist
of a single traveling pulse.
Periodic Wave – A wave consists of a
series of pulse
3. Medium – The matter through which a wave travels.
4. TYPES OF WAVES
1.Mechanical Waves – A wave that require a medium.
2. Electromagnetic Waves – A wave that do not require
a medium.
5. MECHANICAL WAVES
1. Transverse Wave – Is one in which the vibrations are at right angle or
perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Example: Rope
Crest – refer to the highest point of the
wave.
Trough – refers to the lowest point of
the wave.
Wavelength – The distance between
the two successive crest or trough,
Compressions or rarefactions
represented with the Greek letter
“lambda” (λ)
Amplitude – refers to the height of the
crest or the trough.
6. 2. Longitudinal Wave – Is one in which the vibrations are along the
direction of the wave. Example: Spring
Compressions – refer to the region
where the coil is pressed together.
Rarefactions – refers to the region
where the coils are spread.
Wavelength – The distance between
the two successive crest or trough,
Compressions or rarefactions
represented with the Greek letter
“lambda” (λ)
7. 3. Surface wave – Are combination of transverse and longitudinal
waves which occurs at the surface of two media such as water and
air. Example (Water wave)
8. Measurable Quantities of a Mechanical Wave:
Wavelength – The distance between the two successive crest or
trough, Compressions or rarefactions represented with the Greek
letter “lambda” (λ)
Amplitude – refers to the height of the crest or the trough.
Frequency – is the number of waves that pass a particular point
point every one second. The unit of frequency is Hertz (Hz
9. Number of Waves Time(seconds) Frequency(Hz)
50 5 10 Hz
10 10 1 Hz
100 10 10 Hz
Period – is the time required for one complete wave to pass a given
point. The formula of period is:
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 1/ 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐y
Frequency(Hz) Period(seconds)
2 Hz ½ or 0.5 second
10 Hz 1/10 or 0.1 second
10. Wave Speed – The distance travelled by the wave per second
𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑋 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔th
Frequency Wavelength(meters) Speed(meters/second)
10 5 50 meters/seconds
100 10 1000 meters/seconds
