The document discusses various characteristics and properties of waves, including: 1. Waves transfer energy through a medium without transferring the medium itself. Particles in the medium oscillate or vibrate as a wave passes through. 2. Waves can be transverse, with oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel, or longitudinal, with oscillations parallel to travel. 3. Key wave characteristics include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and speed. The speed of a wave is calculated as its frequency multiplied by wavelength. 4. Electromagnetic waves include visible light as well as other types of radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. All electromagnetic

1. Waves Topic 4.4 Wave characteristics

7. Transverse Wave Direction of travel of the wave Direction of oscillation of the particles

9. Transverse Waves Transverse Wave

14. Longitudinal Wave Direction of travel of the wave Direction of oscillations of the particles

26. Defining Terms

27. Defining Terms

29. Defining Terms

31. Defining Terms

48. Displacement / Distance p displacement distance

51. Displacement / Time displacement of point p from equilibrium position time

55. Graphical Representation of Waves

60. Graphical Representation of Waves

70. Electromagnetic Waves

73. The EM Spectrum Itself Short  Long  High f Low f V I S I B L E Radio Waves Micro Waves Infra red Gamma rays Ultra Violet X rays

81. Reflections in one Dimension Reflection from a boundary

82. Reflection From a Fixed End

86. Reflection From a Free End

89. Reflections in one Dimension

90. Partial Reflection from a Heavier Spring

93. Partial Reflection From a Lighter Spring

106. Huygen’s Principle Explained

107. Huygen’s Principle Explained

111. Reflections in Two Dimensions

116. Reflection

118. Reflection

119. Reflection

122. Reflection Reflection of Light

127. Reflection

129. Reflection

132. Refraction of Waves in 1 & 2 Dimensions

133. Refraction of Waves in 1 & 2 Dimensions

135. Refraction of Waves in 1 & 2 Dimensions

139. Refraction of Waves in 1 & 2 Dimensions

142. Huygen’s Principle and Reflection

143. Huygen’s Principle and Reflection

144. Huygen’s Principle and Reflection

145. Huygen’s Principle and Reflection

146. Huygen’s Principle and Reflection

148. Refraction & Huygen’s Principal

160. Snell’s Law

164. Solution

167. Solution (b)

170. Snell’s Law

176. Solution (b)

183. Refraction

187. Refraction

192. Diffraction of Water, Sound & Light.

194. Diffraction of Water, Sound & Light.

203. What Happens When Two Waves Meet? Superposition

212. Standing Waves in 1 Dimension

213. Standing Waves in 1 Dimension

214. Standing Waves in 1 Dimension

215. Standing Waves in 1 Dimension

216. Standing Waves in 1 Dimension

218. Criteria for Interference in 2 D

221. Criteria for Interference in 2 D

231. Criteria for Interference in 2 D Phase relationship Annulment Reinforcement in phase G.P.D. = (2m+1)  /2 G.P.D. = m  phase reversal of one wave G.P.D. = m  G.P.D. = (2m+1)  /2 phase reversal of both waves G.P.D. = (2m+1)  /2 G.P.D. = m 