this power point presentation will provide knowledge seeking some important point on some notable water treatment

2. Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for
its application or returning its natural state.
Water treatment refers to the process of improving the
quality of water with the purpose of serving an end-use.
The most common end-uses include drinking water,
industrial water supply, water recreation, and for
replenishing environmental sources, such as rivers and
lakes.

3. IMPORTANCE:
Water Quality Assurance: Water treatment helps in removing
contaminants and hazardous substances from the water,
making it clean and safe to drink and be used for other
purposes.
Environmental Protection: Water treatment is also helpful in
ensuring that water gets reintroduced back to nature’s cycle
clean and environment-risk free.

6. 1. COAGULATION
The first step of getting water treated is
through coagulation. During coagulation,
chemicals with a positive charge are added to
the water. The positive charge neutralizes the
negative charge of dirt and other dissolved
particles in the water. When this occurs, the
particles bind with the chemicals to form
slightly larger particles. Common chemicals
used in this step include specific types of
salts, aluminum, or iron.

7. 2. FLOCCULATION
Flocculation follows the coagulation step.
Flocculation is the gentle mixing of the water
to form larger, heavier particles called flocs.
Often, water treatment plants will add
additional chemicals during this step to help
the flocs form.

8. 3. SEDIMENTATION
Sedimentation is one of the steps water
treatment plants use to separate out solids
from the water.
Once flocs form, they settle to the bottom of
the water because they are heavier. This is
called sedimentation in water treatment,
which is one of the processes that water
treatment plants use in separating the solids,
such as flocs, from the water before going to
the next step.

9. 4. FILTRATION
Once the flocs have settled to the bottom of the
water, the clear water on top is filtered to
separate additional solids from the water.
During filtration, the clear water passes
through filters that have different pore sizes
and are made of different materials (such as
sand, gravel, and charcoal). These filters
remove dissolved particles and germs, such as
dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Activated carbon filters also remove any bad
odors.

10. 5. DISINFECTION
During disinfection, water treatment plants may add
one or more chemical disinfectants (such as
chlorine, chloramine, or chlorine dioxide) to kill
any remaining parasites, bacteria, or viruses.
To help keep water safe as it travels to homes and
businesses, water treatment plants will make sure
the water has low levels of the chemical
disinfectant when it leaves the treatment plant.
This remaining disinfectant kills germs living in
the pipes between the water treatment plant and
your tap.

11. Water treatment systems differ in serving specific
end-uses. The 3 most common types are the
following:
1. Household water treatment
2. Industrial water treatment
3. Wastewater treatment

12. 1. HOUSEHOLD WATER
TREATMENT
 Point-of-use (POU) systems – water
pitchers, faucet filters, and reverse
osmosis (RO) systems, etc.
 Whole-house/point-of-entry (POE)
systems – municipal systems,
pressurized storage tanks, UV
microbiological systems, water
softeners, etc.

13. 2. INDUSTRIAL WATER
TREATMENT
 This process refers to the treatment
that is performed pre- and post-
industrial use. Since businesses from
various industries use water
differently, water treatment processes
can be done before or after
performing business activities to
serve the intended use of water.

14. 3. WASTEWATER TREATMENT
 Wastewater refers to any used or
polluted form of water, generated
after different types of uses and
applications. Its sources include
rainwater runoff and human
activities. Wastewater treatment is key
to removing any contaminants and
being able to convert the quality of
wastewater and turn it into an effluent
that can be safe to return to the water
cycle.

15. 1. MAINTENANCE ISSUES
 Water treatment technology, facilities, and
systems must always be kept in check, inspected,
and maintained. Neglect of these protocols may
cause serious implications for the overall quality
and safety of water treatment processes. Failing
to perform regular maintenance on equipment
and other assets used can result in costly repairs,
grave damage to systems, and compromised
human safety.

16. 2. INEFFICIENT BACTERIAL CONTROL
 While some bacteria are essential to water
treatment operations, failing to monitor and
manage bacterial growth can endanger the
quality of water. Hence, having a tested and
proven system of bacterial control helps avoid
such a risk and hamper the cycle of water
treatment.

17. 3. INADEQUATE TRAINING
 Those working in water treatment plants or
facilities, such as operators and specialists, deal
with complex, highly technological processes.
Compromised quality of training can affect not
just the safety of workers but also the quality of
the overall treatment cycle.

18. 4. POOR MONITORING AND
RECORDKEEPING
 Monitoring and good recordkeeping must be
maintained to ensure that protocols are being
followed and that there is evidence of it being so.
Without these protocols in place, water treatment
plants may suffer from a lack of traceable data
and patterns in order to benchmark their
processes and discover improvement
opportunities.