Water purification and methods

1. WATER PURIFICATION
BY.M.Z.J

2. WATER PURIFICATION
 In early days surface water was used by human for their domestic purposes.
At that man did not have knowledge how to purify water, that’s why man had
to suffer from water borne diseases ,So many villages were destroyed
because of water borne diseases.
 with the growth of civilization and development of town or city, people
started thinking over issue of water for drinking, safety of life and healthy
environment.
 It is observed that people are not still using portable water. Before supplying
the water to the consumer , should be completely purified , and this involves
very extensive and modern methods of treatment.

3. WATER PURIFICATION
 By purification does not mean to remove all bacteria, because some of them
are good for health. The water which does not contain harm salts or minerals
and does contain impurities which are good for health is called portable
water, or whole sum water. Portable water is very clear in color, free from any
type of odor, and should be free from harmful bacteria.
 So the Water purification is process of removing any kind of impurity it
contain such as undesirable chemical, biological contaminants , suspended
solids and harmful substances from raw water, to make it safe and portable
for human consumption.

4. WATER PURIFICATION
 To obtain desired quality of water ,a sample from resources like river,
reservoir, canal etc is collected and tested in laboratory and necessary
treatment should be recommended accordingly.
 The extent of treatment depends upon characteristics and quality of
available water and also quality required.

5. Purification of water supply

6. WATER PURIFICATION
Screening:
 In this method net is used to
remove large solids, dead
animals, solids, logs, wooden
branches etc. This method is
installed while designing of
purification of water.

7. WATER PURIFICATION
 Chemical addition:
 Before coagulation, chemicals like aluminum sulphate (Alum),
polymers, or chlorine are added to water. These kill the germs and
improve taste, odor and help to settle the solid particles suspended
in the water and these particles are then mixed together.
 Coagulation and flocculation:
 Here the Alum and other chemical from chemical addition start cling
to particles in the water this called coagulation. It causes the
particles to stick together and form large particles called floc and this
process is called flocculation.

8. WATER PURIFICATION
 Sedimentation:
 The water and floc particles flow into
sedimentation basin, here the floc settles in
the bottom of basin and get removed from
water.
 Filtration:
 From the sedimentation basin water flows
through filters. Filters are made of sand and
gravels. Filters are used to remove any
remaining particle left in water. The gravel
layer is often about 1 foot deep and the sand
layer about 2½ feet deep.

9. WATER PURIFICATION
 Disinfection:
 A small amount of chlorine or the disinfection chemicals are added in this
process. This is used to kill an remaining particle or germ to keep the water
safe as it travels to the public. In some water system specially those within
ground water, this is only treatment to be provided.
 Storage and distribution:
 After disinfection water is stored for a period of 15 days to check is there any
effect of germ and bacteria. When it is checked there is no any harmful
bacteria and germ, water is distributed to community.

10. Necessity of purification
 For domestic supply it is necessary to make the water wholesome and
pleasant to drink. Water contain suspended solids , turbidity, bacteria and
dissolved salts. They are harmful and need to be removed , so that water is
fit for health.
 To make water consumable following factors should be taken into
consideration.
 safety for preventing water borne diseases.
 Ensuring water quality so as to attain permissible standard before to reach
consumers.
 Removing turbidity, color, taste and odor which cause the water to be
unacceptable.
 Supplying adequate quantity of water for various domestic purposes.