Download to read offline
WATER RESOURCES Slide show ppt (1) project
- 1. Rivers Lakes Ponds Lagoons(a shallow bodyof water separated from deeper sea by a bar) Vast coastline of India Water Resources of India
- 2. Sources of Water GROUNDWATER 02 ā PRECIPITATION-RAIN SNOW ā SOME WATER EVAPORATES AND THE REST SINKS IN THE SOIL WATER COLLECTED UNDER THE SURFACE SOIL-SUBSOIL BED ROCK ā MOST OF THE WATER REACHES THE SEA ā AQUIFER-UNDERGROUND WATER STREAM THAT IS SATURATED WITH WATER AND TRANSMITS WATER READILY SURFACE WATER 01 ā PRECIPITATION ā SEEPAGE FROM UNDERGROUND ā FORMS STREAM RIVER FLOWING FROM LAND ā FINALLY JOINS SEA
- 3. Vestibulum congue Vestibulum congue Vestibulumcongue Vestibulum congue Vestibulum congue OVER EXPLOITATION OF UNDERGROUND WATER LOWERING OF WATER TABLE LOSS OF VEGETATION-DROUGHT REDUCTION OF RAINFALL LOWERING OF WATER TABLE POLLUTION IN WATER RESOURCES ADEQUATE TREATEMENT INCREASE IN POPULATION IRRIGATION UTILISES MORE THAN 90 PERCENT OF WATER NEED TO CONSERVE WATER
- 9. Irrigation Process of wateringAgriculture Plants through Artificial Means From wells, Tanks Tube wells and Canals
- 10. Uncertainty of Rainfall Rainfall Irregular SometimesāMonsoon Early ā¦Late Rainfall is nor regular through out the Rainy season Uneven Distribution Of Rainfall Variation 250 to 200 Crop Requirement Kharif-monsoon rains Rabi-winter soil moisture Zaid-summer crops Population-two or three successive crops High yielding Variety-higher chemical fertilizer-more moisture required so irrigation Commercial crops āneed more water Nature of the Soil Clayey Soil-Higher Moisture holding capacity-less IRRIGATION Sandy soil-less moisture retentive-frequent watering Lowland area more water than sloping area Increase in Irrigation To Utilize River Water Effectively Dry and Perennial DRY RIVERS NO IRRIGATION To maximize Production
- 11. Means of Irrigation Persian Wheel Method Lever Method Inclined Plane Method WELLS Smallhole dug in the surface of the earth to obtain water from sub soil AREA Alluvial plains-soft soil-middle of area relatively high Uttar , Pradesh, Goa, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Rajasthan,Gujarat, Maharshtra,
- 14. Advantages of Well Irrigation Low cost Withinthe means of poor farmer Pumps and Tube wells water can be lifted from depth Oxen for Ploughing can even draw water
- 15. Disadvantages of Well Depends onunderground water resources Distribution varies from region to region Lowering of water table Difficult hilly regions and stony areas of peninsula Costly electricity and diesel
- 16. Tube Wells-deeper well---depth20-30 m---water lifted power driven pumps---used by man LIFTED METHOd IDEAL CONDITIONS REGULAR CHEAP ELECTRICITY LARGE FERTILE AREA PLENTIFUL WATER LEVEL LAND AND SOFT SOIL
- 17. ADVANTAGES OF TUBEWELL IRRIGATION INDEPENDENT SOURCE OF IRRIGATION DRILLEDUPTO PERMANENT WATER TABLE PERENNIAL MEANS OF IRRIGATION EASIER LARGE AMT WATER IN SHORT TIME CAN IRRIGATE LARGE AREA OF AGRICULTURE LAND BRINGS CLEAN WATER
- 18. DISADVANTAGES OF TUBE WELL DEPLETION OF GROUND WATER EXPENSIVE CONTINUOUS SUPPLYOF ELECTRICITY USELESS IF WATER IS BARKISH
- 22. CANALS ADVANTAGES RAINFALL DEFICIENCY CANAL PERENNIAL RIVERS ARID LIKE RAJASTHAN CANALIS A BOON PUNJAB AND HARYANA GRANARY OF THE COUNTRY GREEN REVOLUTION TAMIL NADU WINTER RAINFALL SUMMER DRY SO DAMS ARE NEEDED
- 23. DISADVANTAGES OF CANAL WHERE PERENNIAL UNLINED CANALS WATERTABLE IS FEW FEET BELOW ALKALINE SALT COMES TO SURFACE MIX WITH SOIL MAKES IT UNPRODUCTIVE DUE TO WATER LOGGING THE CAPACITY TO ABSORB SOIL DECREASES EXCESS RAIN ON LAND ABSENCE OF PROPER DRAINAGE RUINS STANDING CROPS
- 24. TANK IRRIGATION SMALL BUNDOF EARTH OR STONES BUILD ACROSS STREAM COLLECT WATER------NARROW CHANNEL---CULTIVAT ED FIELD
- 26. TANKS IRRIGATION INDECCAN PLATEAU RIVERS OF DECCAN NOT SNOW FED SO DEPENDENT ON RAIN WATER RAINY SEASON AND DRY SEASON HARD ROCKS DIFFICULT TO MAKE WELLS SO TANKS TERRAIN OF DECCAN PLATEAU VERY UNEVEN SO EASY TO BUILD TANKS
- 27. ADVANTAGES OF TANKIRRIGATION UNEVEN ROCKY PLATEAU RAINFALL HIGHLY SEASONAL LARGE STRETCH OF INDIAN PLATEAU DUE TO ROCKY TERRAIN RAIN WATER WOULD GO WASTE
- 28. DISADVANTAGES OF TANKIRRIGATION TANK GETS SILTED MONSOON FAILS TANK GO DRY NOT DEPENDABLE TANKS NON PERENNIAL BECOME DRY DURING WINTER SUMMER RABI AND ZAID LARGE AREA WATER SINKS UNDERGROUND OR EVAPORATES TANK OCCUPIES LARGE FERTILE AREA LIFTING WATER FROM TANKS BRINGING TO FIELDS IS COSTLY AND TEDIOUS
- 29. DISADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL METHODSOF IRRIGATION LARGE QUANTITY OF WATER NOT UTILISED PROPERLY MOISTUR E AVAILABI LITY OF CROPS PROLONGE D WATER LOGGING IN LOW AREA FIELDS DECREAS ES AREA FOR CULTIVAT ION EXCESSIVE SALT---SOIL UNSUITABLE
- 30.
- 31.
- 32.
- 33. DRIP IRRIGATION Drip irrigationis a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.
- 34.
- 35.