The document discusses water as a critical resource and the need for its conservation and management. It notes that only 1% of the Earth's total water is available for human consumption, making it an extremely scarce resource. Water scarcity is associated with factors like low rainfall, overexploitation, unequal access among groups, a growing population, and depletion of groundwater. Dams have been built throughout India's history for irrigation, agriculture, and electricity generation, but they also have negative effects like disrupting river flows and habitats. Rainwater harvesting is presented as a viable alternative to supplement water resources.
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Land and Land Resources refer to a delineable area of the earth's terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geo-hydrological reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity
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ppt on 10th class social science topic- Water resources.It contains topics like water sources, types of sources, water scarcity, water conservation and conservation methods.
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This presentation has the complete information about the water resources based on the points from environmental science in engineering.The points are made so easy it is very easy to understand.
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Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
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Presentation made at the seminar organized
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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2. WATER, A CRITICAL RESOURCE
• DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON THE EARTH
• The criticality of water available for human usage is very
miniscule.
• Off this 96.5% of water is found in oceans and sea, whereas
the 2.5% of freshwater available is majorly in form of ice
sheets and glaciers.
• Thus, it leaves only 1% of fresh wate for human
consumption.
• Going by this level of distribution of water resource it is an
extremely critical availability level.
3. WATER SCARCITY & NEED FOR CONSERVATION &
MANAGEMENT
• The availability of water varies from time and
space and region to region.
• Water scarcity is typically associated with low
rainfall areas like Rajasthan
• Other factors for water scarcity----it is heavily
influenced by human activity too !
Over
exploitation
Ex. wastage Unequal access-
among social
groups--
Compare
availability in
apartments and
small cluster
houses (low
income groups)
Demands of a
large growing
population
Depletion of
groundwater
levels when
farmers use tube
wells in farms for
irrigation
Excessive
usage-
Use more
water than
required
Ex.
Washing cars
with pipe
4. OTHER FACTORS OF WATER SCARCITY
Industrialization
• Post-Independent India encouraged growth of industries (MNCs) which had its own demand of water for industrial
units.
• Pull on fresh water resources
Urban lifestyle
• Urbanization has its own demands of water resources to meet the needs of the growing population in cities.
• Much of these water sources are also polluted and contaminated due to chemical flow and industrial effluents
Inadequate use of
hydroelectricity
• Hydroelectric power generation is only 22% of total electricity produced. Thus a strain on conventional methods of
generating electricity is more popular in today's world
5. MULTIPURPOSE RIVER PROJECTS AND WATER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• - Since ancient period
India has evidences of
use of hydraulic
structures for usage
of water. (refer page
26 of textbook)
• Use of dams: mainly
for irrigation and
agricultural purpose
and electricity
generation
• Classified on basis of
structures- timber
dams, embankment
dams or masonry
dams
• Grouped as per
height- large, major, or
low dams
• Dams were important
for agricultural
development as well
as of the village
economy as a whole.
• Thus J.L. Nehru called
them ‘temples of
modern India
• But they had their
positives and negatives
Bhakra Nangal
dam- tallest dam
in India
6. PROS &CONS OF DAMMING A RIVER
Irrigation purpose
Storage of water in
reservoirs
Agricultural use later
Hydroelectricity generation
Effect natural flow of river
Excessive sedimentation causes
floods
Poor habitat for aquatic life
Fragmentation of rivers leads to
difficulty in migration of aquatic life
• Displacement of local communities
• Salinization of soil
• Failed to control floods during
excessive rainfall
• It may also induce earthquakes
and cause water-borne diseases
Protest related to Dams
1. Narmada Bachao Andolan
against Sardar Sarovar Dam
on Narmada in Gujarat
Refer page 27 of textbook
Identify her
Medha Patkar associated
with Narmada Bachao
Andolan
9. Rooftop rainwater harvesting
with underground tanks
Tamil Nadu has made this
system compulsory
The last channel section
enables water to be
dropped near the roots
of the plant
