The document discusses various causes and effects of water pollution. Some of the major causes mentioned include dumping of industrial and household waste into water sources, pesticide and chemical runoff from farms and lawns, and marine dumping of litter. This pollution spreads through water cycles and can contaminate water with heavy metals, chemicals, and bacteria, leading to diseases in humans and aquatic life. Proper waste disposal, reduced pesticide and chemical use, and individual stewardship of natural resources are recommended to address the issue.