Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Watanuki pecha kucha_idocq18_v2
Similar to Watanuki pecha kucha_idocq18_v2 (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Watanuki pecha kucha_idocq18_v2
- 1. Are all cultures the same? An investigation towards the impact of cultural diversity on individual trust development in virtual collaboration Hugo Watanuki PhD Student University of São Paulo, Brazil
- 3. Trust in virtual collaboration
- 4. The key concept: individual trust
- 5. Individual trust development Cheng, X.; Macaulay, L., and Zarifis, A. 2013. “Modeling Individual Trust Development in Computer Mediated Collaboration: A Comparison of Approaches,” Computers in Human Behavior (29:4), pp. 1733-1741.
- 7. What is known so far ... Cheng, X., Fu, S., and Drukenmiller, D. 2016a. “Trust Development in Globally Distributed Collaboration: A case of US and Chinese Mixed Teams,” Journal of Management Information Systems (33:4), pp. 978-1007. Cheng, X., Fu, S., Sun, J., Han, Y., Shen, J., and Zarifis. 2016b. “Investigating Individual Trust in Semi-Virtual Collaboration of Multicultural and Unicultural Teams,” Computers in Human Behavior (62), pp. 267-276.
- 10. Cultural values
- 11. The “me vs. we” rationale
- 12. Individualism vs. Collectivism Hofstede, G. 2001. Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- 13. Social ambiguity in virtual contexts • Social identity theory (SIT) • Social identity or deindividuation (SIDE) theory Kankanhalli, A., Tan, B. C., and Wei, K. K. 2006. “Conflict and performance in global virtual teams,” Journal of Management Information Systems (23:3), pp. 237-274. Schiller, S. Z., and Mandviwalla, M. 2007. “Virtual Team Research: An Analysis of Theory Use and a Framework for Theory Appropriation” Small Group Research, (38:1), pp.12-59.
- 14. Perceived similarity Norton, M. I., Frost, J. H., and Ariely, D. 2007. “Less is More: The Lure of Ambiguity, or Why Familiarity Breeds Contempt,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (92:1), pp. 97-105.
- 15. Hypotheses For the collectivist:
- 16. Hypotheses For the individualist:
- 17. Methodology Real world Business contexts: Brazil US/UK?
- 18. Next steps ...
- 19. A note of caution • Dispositional trust • Dispersion of individuals • Communication media Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., and Schoorman, F. D. 1995. “An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust,” Academy of Management Review (20:3), pp. 709-734. Chudoba, K. M., Wynn, E., Lu, M., and Watson-Manheim, M.B. 2005. “How Virtual are We? Measuring Virtuality and Understanding its Impact in a Global Organization,” Information Systems Journal (15:4), pp. 279-306. Wang, Y., and Haggerty, N. 2011. “Individual Virtual Competences and its Influence on Work Outcomes,” Journal of Management Information Systems (27:4), pp. 299-333. Peñarroja, V., Orengo, V., Zornoza, A., and Hernández, A. 2013. “The Effects of Virtuality Level on Task-related Collaborative Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Team Trust,” Computers in Human Behavior (29), pp. 967-974.
- 20. Why is it important? • Support current trends in the organization of the workplace • Shift the perception about the effects of cultural diversity • Focus efforts towards specific cultures
- 21. Image sources • Virtual team: http://live.mci-group.com/2016/08/managing-virtual-teams/ • Trust sign: https://carshipped.com/who-can-i-trust-with-my-car-transport/ • Shaking hands: https://www.firstanguilla.com/virtual-office-services/ • Green checkmark: https://www.iconsdb.com/green-icons/checkmark-icon.html • Cultural diversity: https://workfast.com.au/blog/labour-hire-cultural-diversity-workplace-australia/ • Red chekmark: http://mzayat.com/single/3844310.html • Group/individual: http://thefinancialjourneyman.com/individual-vs-institutional-investing/ • Book cover: adapted from http://undpress.nd.edu/books/P03430 • Different cultures: http://girltalkhq.com/ethnically-diverse-countries-fare-better-with-female-leaders-statistically-speaking/ • Me vs we: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/webs-influence/201307/how-sell-online-individualist-vs-collectivist-cultures; http://www.timetofree.us/2016/05/23/adopt-cultural-individualism-live-free/ • Individualism vs collectivism: https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-key-differences-between-Vietnamese-and-Chinese-culture-The- Vietnamese-and-the-Chinese-share-much-in-their-respective-cultures-They-celebrate-the-same-lunar-new-year-enjoy-similar-day-to-day- food-and-they-also-have-similar-religions • Dog in the internet: http://twistedtoast.com/internet-isnt-perfect-dont-expect/ • Perceived similarity: https://viralbandit.com/adorable-photoshoot-of-pet-brothers-from-different-mothers/ • Tray icon: http://www.wxyz123.com/SONY/VGC- JS110J/XP%20Drivers/Wireless%20Marvell%20Atheros/Acu/Localized%20Files/Japanese/manual/tray_icon.htm • Survey: https://www.thecepblog.com/2007/11/19/original-survey-on-event-processing-languages/ • Measuring constructs: http://mavsdesign.com/category/illustrations/science-method/ • Control variable: https://sciencetrends.com/experimental-control-important/ • Alert signal: http://smileandfile.com/importance-of-compliance-services/
Editor's Notes
- Hi, my name is Hugo watanuki, I am a visiting PhD student from the University of São Paulo in Brazil and today I will do a small presentation about the current stage of my PhD research
- The main goal of this research is to explore the relationship between two main concepts: 1) cultural diversity and 2) individual trust development in the context of virtual workplaces
- The concept of trust has been of ongoing interest of virtual team researchers because trust is fundamental to connect dispersed people, and whereas trust is usullay facilitated by physical proximity, that is exactly the type of interaction being constrained by virtual settings.
- Recently, researchers started looking at trust from a dynamic perspective at the level of the individual to understand the functioning of the trust mechanism that motives people to collaborate virtually. That is the concept of individual trust development.
- One of the most popular models proposed so far uses a weighing-machine to represent how individuasl assess pros and cons associated to a particular virtual relationship. As an individual acquires more positive than negative perceptions about a certain virtual relationship, the balance will tip in favor of an increased level of individual trust. That is the ideal scenario, however ....
- what happens when you add cultural diversity to the virtual work place, in other words, what happens to that weighing machine mechanism when you bring in people from different societies to collaborate virtually?
- Previous research has shown that in such cases, the balance will tip to the opposite side when you consider the average level individual trust from a working group as hole. This is because diferences in cultural belifes, values, make peopleto perceive more negative things about their virtual relationships. However, the results don’t tell us the complete history ...
- First, `by looking only at the average level of individual trust from the group as hole we do not completely understand if or how it may affect specific individuals differently according to their own cultural background, and ....
- Second, by just looking at the average level of individual trust at the group level, we are perhaphs doing an incorrect assumption that all cultures think the same way in regards to perceive multicultural collaboration.
- These are exactly the points that this research is trying to explore. Since Individuals from different societies tend to think differently, it is reasonable to consider that cultural values should play an important role in how these individuals perceive the effect of cultural diversity in their levels of individual trust....
- From this perspective, a universal need intrinsic to all cultures is the rationale used to assess the tradeoff between individual and collective priorities, or namely, how different cultures prioritize individual versus group goals.
- Preivous reserach dedicated to the understanding of cultural differences has named this cultural value of individualism versus collectivism. The basic idea here is that individualist cultures prioritze individual goals over collective goals, whereas collectivist cultures do the opposite.
- But the trick thing about the virtual workplace though is that it can constrain the Exchange of social information between people, thus onboarding some ambiguity to the way people socially compare themselves against others, and therefore,
- It might be possible for instance, that in virtual contexts, a person from a specific Society may perceive more similarity towards a person from a diferente society, depending on what type of social information he or shefocus on...
- One possibility is that for collectivists, since they tend to emphasize social similarity, some degree of cultural diversity coupled with social ambiguity might result in less perceived similarity towards their virtual work partners, causing their levels of individual trust to decreased over time.
- On the oposite side, since individualists naturally do not rely too much on social similarity, some degree of cultural diversity coupled with social ambiguity might cause them to perceive more similarity towards their virtual work partners, causing their levels of individual trust to increase over time
- In order to evaluate these hypotheses, a methodological decision was made to conduct a survey among working professionals. The ideal sample of respondents should encompass, as much as possible, participants from societies with different levels of individualism and collactivism dimensions.
- One important step towards the survey execution is the development of proper measurement scales for the concepts being evaluated here. This is becasue most of them are abstract concepts, such as perceived similarity, and cannot be measured directly.
- As a side note, special care is needed for controlling the effect of external variables that can interfere in the relationship between cultural diversity and individual trust development. Among them, we have degree of physical separation between individuals collaborating and/or the communication medias being used, just to name few of them...
- To conclude, it is expected that the results of this research help organizations in their increasing trend towards multicultural and virtual work environments, and change the mindset of cultural diversity as a negative element for individual trust. This will also allow focused efforts towards cultures that suffer to develop individual trust when cultural diversity is present. Thank you for your attention.