2.  An Automobile is a self propelled vehicle that travels
on land - Willium H. Crouse
 An Automobile is a wheeled vehicle carrying its own
motive power unit - Kirpal Singh
 Motorized vehicle consisting of four wheels and
powered by an internal engine. Automobiles are used
to transport people and items from one location to
another location. Automobiles generally
use gasoline to fuel the internal engine, but
technological advances have led to the design of cars
that run on electricity and even water.

6.  Today, the automobile industry is one of
the biggest in the world.
 In recent years tremendous changes have
taken place in the automobile industry.
 Two powerful forces have been at work-
* Challenge of foreign automotive manufacturers
* Federal laws made by the government, covering-
# Automotive air pollution
# Automotive Safety
# Automotive Fuel Economy

7.  These two forces have caused the
manufacturers to develop new generations of –
* Light Weight vehicles
* Fuel Efficient vehicles
 This is an ongoing revolutionary process.
 Each year, automotive manufacturers bring out
new models that improve upon fuel efficiency
and performance with less air pollution.
 The competition among manufacturers has
resulted in many innovations that are being
widely adopted.

8. A few of these innovations include –
> Antilock Braking System (ABS)
> Traction-control System (TCS)
> Four-wheel Steering
> Four-wheel Drive
> Electrically controlled and active suspension
system
> Supplemental restrain system (air bags )
> Sequential port fuel injection
> Super-charging and Turbo-charging
> Variable engine-valve timing and lift

9.  About 1500 separate parts are put together to
make an automobile.
 These parts are grouped into several systems.
 Each system is made up of two and more parts
that work together to perform a specific job.
 The Automotive vehicles are produced in a large
variety of sizes and shapes.
 All have the same basic parts and systems.

11.  Thereare 5 major Systems of automobiles
which consists of various parts –
(1) Chassis
(2) Steering system
(3) Suspension system
(4) Braking system
(5) Transmission system

12. 1.Automotive . the frame, wheels, and machinery of
a motor vehicle, on which the body is supported.
2.Ordnance . the frame or railway on which a gun ca
rriage moves backward and forward.
3.Aircraft :
the main landing gear of an aircraft; that portion of
the landing gear that supports an aircraft.
4.Radio and Television . a frame for mounting the
circuit components of a radio or television set.

16.  The skeleton of a motor vehicle consisting
of a steel frame supported on springs that
holds the body and motor.
 The under part of an
automobile, consisting of the frame (on
which the body is mounted) with the
wheels and machinery.

17.  Thesystem of an automobile that allows a
user to guide the vehicle in desired set of
path by means of various steering
components such as rudder, paddle, or
wheel; rack & pinion arrangement; tie-
rods; steering arm; steering shaft; double
universal joint; steering knuckle , etc.

22.  Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock
absorbers and linkages that connects
a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative
motion between the two.
 The springs and related parts intermediate
between the wheels and the
frame, subframe, or side rails of a unitized
body.

25.  Suspension systems serve a dual purpose
—
(1) contributing to the vehicle's road
holding/handling and braking for
good active safety and driving
pleasure.
(2) keeping vehicle occupants
comfortable and reasonably well
isolated from road noise, bumps,
and vibrations,etc.

26.  Anenergy conversion device used to slow a
vehicle, stop it, or hold it in position.
 The two systems are the service brake and the
parking brake, both of friction type.
* The service brake includes a hydraulically operated
brake mechanism at each wheel. These wheel brakes
are controlled by movement of the brake pedal,
providing braking proportional to the applied pedal
force.
* The parking brake is a mechanical brake operated
through a separate hand lever or pedal; it applies
parking-brake mechanisms usually at the two rear
wheels.

32.  An automotive assembly of gears and
associated parts by which power is
transmitted from the engine to a driving
axle. Also called gearbox.
 a system of shafts, gears, torque
converters, etc., that transmits power, esp
the arrangement of such parts that
transmits the power of the engine to the
driving wheels of a motor vehicle.

33.  Manual Transmission
 Automatic Transmission
(also called automatic gearbox, or auto
transmission) is one type of motor
vehicle transmission that can automatically
change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing
the driver from having to shift gears manually. Most
automatic transmissions have a defined set of gear
ranges, often with a parking pawl feature that locks
the output shaft of the transmission.

35.  Continuously variable transmission (CVT)
CVT uses a belt or other torque
transmission scheme to allow an "infinite"
number of gear ratios instead of a fixed
number of gear ratios.
 Semi-automatic transmissions
A semi-automatic retains a clutch like a manual
transmission, but controls the clutch through electro-
hydraulic means.

36.  Propeller Shaft
 Clutch
 Differential
 Rear axel
 Gearbox
 Universal joint

39.  Cone Clutch

40.  Single Plate Clutch

41.  Centrifugal Clutch