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kashmir issue from 1948 uncp resolutions how it was profitable for Pakistan and india 9 resolution discussed indian negation to UNO ,1947 war,dexon plan was discussed ,1st ,2nd and 3rd war,india independence act in 1947,conflict between india and kashmir
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Kashmir issue
The Kashmir conflict involves four parties - India, Pakistan, China, and Kashmiris. Kashmir was historically ruled by a Hindu maharaja but has a majority Muslim population. At independence, the maharaja signed Kashmir to India but Pakistan disputes this. The region has been a source of conflict through three wars and ongoing tensions. Both countries claim the region but the UN has called for a plebiscite to let Kashmiris decide their own fate. The dispute remains unresolved with no clear solution in sight.
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN
An armed conflict concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in battle-related death
1948 war over Kashmir
1965 India-Pakistan war
1971 India-Pakistan and Fall of Dhaka
Siachen Dispute and Sir creek
Kargil conflict 99
impact of kashmir disputes by Aiza Ehsan
The Kashmir dispute has caused ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence. After the Hindu ruler of Kashmir initially sought independence, Pakistan invaded in an attempt to force accession, while India provided military support in exchange for Kashmir joining India instead. This led to the first of three wars between the countries over Kashmir and the de facto partition of the territory along the Line of Control. The dispute remains unresolved and is a source of tension between the two neighbors with conflicting claims over the region's status.
Kashmir Conflict
The document summarizes the history of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan since partition in 1947. It discusses that Kashmir is currently divided between Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistani administered Azad Kashmir, and Chinese controlled Kashmir. It outlines several proposed solutions to resolve the conflict such as making the Line of Control an official border, dividing Kashmir along the Chenab river, granting independence, or providing autonomy under joint Indian-Pakistani control similar to Andorra. However, it notes that implementing any solution requires agreement between India and Pakistan, which has so far not been possible given both countries' claims over the territory.
Post Partition Problems of Pakistan
Pakistan faced numerous problems after partition in 1947, including:
- Establishing a new government and administrative systems from scratch while millions of refugees flooded into the new country
- An unfair and controversial boundary award that gave Muslim-majority areas to India and laid the foundation for future disputes over Kashmir and water rights
- Difficulties over the division of military assets between Pakistan and India, which left Pakistan poorly equipped for defense
Kashmir
The document provides background on the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. It discusses how Kashmir was historically independent but acceded to India in 1947 after partition. This led to the first war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. A ceasefire split the region in half, with India controlling 65% and Pakistan the rest. Subsequent wars and political developments eroded Kashmiri trust in Indian governance. India and the US began viewing the Kashmiri resistance through the lens of Islamic extremism.
Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Kashmir ISsue
Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir opted to join India, though parts of Kashmir were occupied by Pakistan. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir. A ceasefire line divided the region, which later became the Line of Control (LOC). Subsequent wars and negotiations failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the entire region of Kashmir, and have fought several wars over it. The conflict remains ongoing, with disputes over borders and occasional military clashes along the LOC.
Recommended
Kashmir issue
The Kashmir conflict involves four parties - India, Pakistan, China, and Kashmiris. Kashmir was historically ruled by a Hindu maharaja but has a majority Muslim population. At independence, the maharaja signed Kashmir to India but Pakistan disputes this. The region has been a source of conflict through three wars and ongoing tensions. Both countries claim the region but the UN has called for a plebiscite to let Kashmiris decide their own fate. The dispute remains unresolved with no clear solution in sight.
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN
An armed conflict concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in battle-related death
1948 war over Kashmir
1965 India-Pakistan war
1971 India-Pakistan and Fall of Dhaka
Siachen Dispute and Sir creek
Kargil conflict 99
impact of kashmir disputes by Aiza Ehsan
The Kashmir dispute has caused ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the region since their independence. After the Hindu ruler of Kashmir initially sought independence, Pakistan invaded in an attempt to force accession, while India provided military support in exchange for Kashmir joining India instead. This led to the first of three wars between the countries over Kashmir and the de facto partition of the territory along the Line of Control. The dispute remains unresolved and is a source of tension between the two neighbors with conflicting claims over the region's status.
Kashmir Conflict
The document summarizes the history of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan since partition in 1947. It discusses that Kashmir is currently divided between Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistani administered Azad Kashmir, and Chinese controlled Kashmir. It outlines several proposed solutions to resolve the conflict such as making the Line of Control an official border, dividing Kashmir along the Chenab river, granting independence, or providing autonomy under joint Indian-Pakistani control similar to Andorra. However, it notes that implementing any solution requires agreement between India and Pakistan, which has so far not been possible given both countries' claims over the territory.
Post Partition Problems of Pakistan
Pakistan faced numerous problems after partition in 1947, including:
- Establishing a new government and administrative systems from scratch while millions of refugees flooded into the new country
- An unfair and controversial boundary award that gave Muslim-majority areas to India and laid the foundation for future disputes over Kashmir and water rights
- Difficulties over the division of military assets between Pakistan and India, which left Pakistan poorly equipped for defense
Kashmir
The document provides background on the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan. It discusses how Kashmir was historically independent but acceded to India in 1947 after partition. This led to the first war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. A ceasefire split the region in half, with India controlling 65% and Pakistan the rest. Subsequent wars and political developments eroded Kashmiri trust in Indian governance. India and the US began viewing the Kashmiri resistance through the lens of Islamic extremism.
Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Kashmir ISsue
Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir opted to join India, though parts of Kashmir were occupied by Pakistan. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war over Kashmir. A ceasefire line divided the region, which later became the Line of Control (LOC). Subsequent wars and negotiations failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the entire region of Kashmir, and have fought several wars over it. The conflict remains ongoing, with disputes over borders and occasional military clashes along the LOC.
Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Originally ruled by a Hindu maharaja, Kashmir was given the option to join either India or Pakistan after independence. Unable to decide, the maharaja signed an Instrument of Accession to India in 1947. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir. A UN-brokered ceasefire divided the region, with India controlling 45% and Pakistan 35%. Subsequent wars and attacks by militants have failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the region in full but control only parts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
political history of pakistan 1947-58
The document summarizes key events in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958 after independence. It discusses the formation of Pakistan's first cabinet led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister. It also outlines some of the major problems Pakistan faced such as refugees, water disputes with India, and the accession of princely states. In particular, it provides details on the Kashmir conflict and how the issue remains unresolved despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite.
political history of pakistan 1947-1958
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
nature and science of pak studies 1947-58.pdf
The document summarizes Pakistan's history from 1947 to 1953, including:
1. The formation of Pakistan's first cabinet in 1947 led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister.
2. The problems Pakistan faced in its early years like refugees, water disputes with India, and princely state accessions.
3. Key political developments like the Objectives Resolution, negotiations with India, and constitutional debates around representation and the Bogra Formula.
2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt
The Kashmir conflict began in 1947 when the region's ruler decided to join India despite the majority Muslim population, leading Pakistan to invade. This sparked the first of four wars between India and Pakistan over the territory. Currently, Kashmir is divided along a ceasefire line known as the Line of Control, with India controlling 45% and Pakistan 35%, while China holds the remaining 20%. Both countries claim the entire region and have fought numerous battles over it since partition, with an ongoing separatist insurgency complicating matters further.
Partition of india & pakistan
The document discusses the partition of India in 1947 and its aftermath. It describes how the Indian subcontinent was divided along religious lines into the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. This led to mass population transfers and violence between Hindus and Muslims. Over 15 million people became refugees, with extensive loss of life and property. The partition left deep scars and ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir.
Partition of india final ppt important
The partition of British India in 1947 divided the region along religious lines into two new states - India and Pakistan. This led to mass population transfers and violence between Hindus and Muslims. Over 15 million people were displaced and an estimated 1 million died. The borders divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab, with lasting political and social effects still felt today. Kashmir also became a contested territory in the aftermath of partition.
Partition of india final ppt
The partition of India in 1947 along religious lines led to the formation of two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan. The radicalization of Hindu and Muslim nationalist movements, coupled with the British policy of divide and rule, exacerbated tensions between the two religious communities. The partition displaced over 10 million people and led to large-scale violence and loss of lives as Hindus and Muslims attacked each other during the migration across the new borders. The aftermath of the partition continued to impact India-Pakistan relations, resulting in several wars between the two countries in the following decades.
Era 1947 to 1953 1
The early years of Pakistan from 1947-1953 saw many challenges as the new nation established itself. Prime ministers during this period included Liaquat Ali Khan and Khawaja Nazimuddin. Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and joined the UN but faced issues like riots and refugees from India, the lack of infrastructure and capital, and disputes over Kashmir and water rights with India. The government worked to address problems and adopt policies around foreign relations, security, and the economy during a turbulent start for the new country.
Kashmir conflict
The document summarizes the history of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from 1947 to 1997. It details how Kashmir's ruler initially opted for independence but then signed onto accession with India, leading Pakistan to send forces and sparking the first war over Kashmir in 1947. The conflict has since involved UN resolutions and mediation attempts, as well as additional wars between India and Pakistan in 1965 and 1971. Insurgencies also began in Indian-administered Kashmir in 1989, straining relations further and raising nuclear tensions between the neighbors.
Kashmir
The document provides a brief history of the Kashmir region, beginning with its inclusion in the Mauryan Empire and later rule by various Hindu dynasties, Sultanate of Kashmir, Mughals, Afghans, and Sikhs. At partition of India in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to remain neutral but faced a rebellion and invasion by Pakistan, leading to accession to India. This sparked the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir. The UN called for withdrawal of forces and plebiscite that never materialized due to Pakistan not withdrawing. The region has remained disputed ever since, with the Line of Control established in 1972 and ongoing tensions, violence and Indian control.
Kashmir Conflict
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
India Integration 1947
The integration of princely states into independent India posed challenges as states had to choose between accession to India or Pakistan or remaining independent. Key figures like Lord Mountbatten, Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon negotiated accession of most states peacefully. However, some states like Hyderabad and Jammu & Kashmir presented greater difficulties. Hyderabad's Nizam wanted independence but military operation led to its accession. In Jammu & Kashmir, Raja Hari Singh initially wanted independence but signed accession after Pakistan-backed militants attacked Kashmir, leading to ongoing conflict. By 1949 a ceasefire line (now LOC) was established between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistan
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
1) The document outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1940-1947, beginning with Gandhi's Satyagrah movement and continuing through negotiations, elections, and partitions that eventually led to the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.
2) Key events included the failed Cripps Mission in 1942, the Quit India Movement, talks between Gandhi and Jinnah, elections in 1945-1946 that strengthened the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the Cabinet Mission Plan and June 3rd Partition Plan.
3) The Indian Independence Act of 1947 legally established the two new dominions of India and Pakistan, which both gained independence on August 15, 1947, though boundaries were still being determinedKashmir between india and pakistan
This document provides a historical overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from 1947 to the present. It discusses how the partition of British India led to disputes over the princely state of Kashmir, which both countries claimed. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir and attempted negotiations, but they have failed to resolve the conflict. The UN intervened in 1948 and called for a plebiscite in Kashmir after withdrawal of troops, but demilitarization plans were rejected by both sides. The conflict has remained unresolved despite several attempts at mediation and negotiations over the decades.
History- PPT 7_095800.pptx
The document provides information about the CUET syllabus for history, with a focus on topics related to the partition of India. It discusses key events and policies that led to the partition such as the 1905 partition of Bengal, the formation of the Muslim League in 1906, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916. The document then examines the negotiations and plans surrounding independence and partition, including the Cabinet Mission Plan, Mountbatten Plan, and the violence that occurred during the partition. It also discusses the impact on women and the displacement of refugees. In summarizing the complex political negotiations and communal tensions during this period, the document emphasizes the role of the British policy of divide and rule in exacerbating religious divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
Partition of Punjab
a look at events leading to and the aftermath of three different partitions of Punjab after the emergence of British rule
PARTITION OF PUNJAB
The document summarizes the history of partitions in the Punjab region of South Asia after the establishment of British rule. It discusses three major partitions:
1. The formation of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) in 1901, which separated Pashto-speaking districts from Punjab province.
2. The partition of British India in 1947 which divided Punjab between newly-independent India and Pakistan.
3. The division of Punjab in 1964 which created the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
For each partition, it outlines the events leading up to the partition, the process undertaken, and the aftermath. It provides historical context on the establishment of British Punjab and the various administrative changes that
kashmir-131112074611-phpapp01 (1).pdf
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After partition in 1947, the ruler of Kashmir signed an instrument of accession joining India amid an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war and division of Kashmir along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute, and infiltration of militants from Pakistan has led to ongoing tensions and violence in the region.
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan in 6 sections. It discusses: (1) how the conflict started over the ruler's decision to join India after Partition; (2) the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir; (3) human rights violations against Kashmiris; (4) the roles of international organizations like the UN and OIC; and (6) concludes that Kashmiris should determine the region's status and resolving this conflict is important for South Asian peace and prosperity.
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Kashmir
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Originally ruled by a Hindu maharaja, Kashmir was given the option to join either India or Pakistan after independence. Unable to decide, the maharaja signed an Instrument of Accession to India in 1947. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir. A UN-brokered ceasefire divided the region, with India controlling 45% and Pakistan 35%. Subsequent wars and attacks by militants have failed to resolve the dispute. Both countries claim the region in full but control only parts of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
political history of pakistan 1947-58
The document summarizes key events in Pakistan from 1947 to 1958 after independence. It discusses the formation of Pakistan's first cabinet led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister. It also outlines some of the major problems Pakistan faced such as refugees, water disputes with India, and the accession of princely states. In particular, it provides details on the Kashmir conflict and how the issue remains unresolved despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite.
political history of pakistan 1947-1958
The first cabinet of Pakistan was formed in 1947 with Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime Minister. It faced many difficulties establishing an administration for the new country including dealing with riots, refugees, and setting foreign policy. Liaquat Ali Khan helped establish the foundations of Pakistan's government and pursued the drafting of a constitution. However, the country continued to face major problems including the issues of refugees caused by the partition, disputes over water rights with India, and the accession of princely states, most notably the crisis in Kashmir which remained unresolved.
nature and science of pak studies 1947-58.pdf
The document summarizes Pakistan's history from 1947 to 1953, including:
1. The formation of Pakistan's first cabinet in 1947 led by Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister.
2. The problems Pakistan faced in its early years like refugees, water disputes with India, and princely state accessions.
3. Key political developments like the Objectives Resolution, negotiations with India, and constitutional debates around representation and the Bogra Formula.
2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt
The Kashmir conflict began in 1947 when the region's ruler decided to join India despite the majority Muslim population, leading Pakistan to invade. This sparked the first of four wars between India and Pakistan over the territory. Currently, Kashmir is divided along a ceasefire line known as the Line of Control, with India controlling 45% and Pakistan 35%, while China holds the remaining 20%. Both countries claim the entire region and have fought numerous battles over it since partition, with an ongoing separatist insurgency complicating matters further.
Partition of india & pakistan
The document discusses the partition of India in 1947 and its aftermath. It describes how the Indian subcontinent was divided along religious lines into the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. This led to mass population transfers and violence between Hindus and Muslims. Over 15 million people became refugees, with extensive loss of life and property. The partition left deep scars and ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir.
Partition of india final ppt important
The partition of British India in 1947 divided the region along religious lines into two new states - India and Pakistan. This led to mass population transfers and violence between Hindus and Muslims. Over 15 million people were displaced and an estimated 1 million died. The borders divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab, with lasting political and social effects still felt today. Kashmir also became a contested territory in the aftermath of partition.
Partition of india final ppt
The partition of India in 1947 along religious lines led to the formation of two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan. The radicalization of Hindu and Muslim nationalist movements, coupled with the British policy of divide and rule, exacerbated tensions between the two religious communities. The partition displaced over 10 million people and led to large-scale violence and loss of lives as Hindus and Muslims attacked each other during the migration across the new borders. The aftermath of the partition continued to impact India-Pakistan relations, resulting in several wars between the two countries in the following decades.
Era 1947 to 1953 1
The early years of Pakistan from 1947-1953 saw many challenges as the new nation established itself. Prime ministers during this period included Liaquat Ali Khan and Khawaja Nazimuddin. Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and joined the UN but faced issues like riots and refugees from India, the lack of infrastructure and capital, and disputes over Kashmir and water rights with India. The government worked to address problems and adopt policies around foreign relations, security, and the economy during a turbulent start for the new country.
Kashmir conflict
The document summarizes the history of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from 1947 to 1997. It details how Kashmir's ruler initially opted for independence but then signed onto accession with India, leading Pakistan to send forces and sparking the first war over Kashmir in 1947. The conflict has since involved UN resolutions and mediation attempts, as well as additional wars between India and Pakistan in 1965 and 1971. Insurgencies also began in Indian-administered Kashmir in 1989, straining relations further and raising nuclear tensions between the neighbors.
Kashmir
The document provides a brief history of the Kashmir region, beginning with its inclusion in the Mauryan Empire and later rule by various Hindu dynasties, Sultanate of Kashmir, Mughals, Afghans, and Sikhs. At partition of India in 1947, the Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to remain neutral but faced a rebellion and invasion by Pakistan, leading to accession to India. This sparked the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir. The UN called for withdrawal of forces and plebiscite that never materialized due to Pakistan not withdrawing. The region has remained disputed ever since, with the Line of Control established in 1972 and ongoing tensions, violence and Indian control.
Kashmir Conflict
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
India Integration 1947
The integration of princely states into independent India posed challenges as states had to choose between accession to India or Pakistan or remaining independent. Key figures like Lord Mountbatten, Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon negotiated accession of most states peacefully. However, some states like Hyderabad and Jammu & Kashmir presented greater difficulties. Hyderabad's Nizam wanted independence but military operation led to its accession. In Jammu & Kashmir, Raja Hari Singh initially wanted independence but signed accession after Pakistan-backed militants attacked Kashmir, leading to ongoing conflict. By 1949 a ceasefire line (now LOC) was established between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistan
Lecture 13 emergence of pakistanQuaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
1) The document outlines the emergence of Pakistan from 1940-1947, beginning with Gandhi's Satyagrah movement and continuing through negotiations, elections, and partitions that eventually led to the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947.
2) Key events included the failed Cripps Mission in 1942, the Quit India Movement, talks between Gandhi and Jinnah, elections in 1945-1946 that strengthened the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan, and the Cabinet Mission Plan and June 3rd Partition Plan.
3) The Indian Independence Act of 1947 legally established the two new dominions of India and Pakistan, which both gained independence on August 15, 1947, though boundaries were still being determinedKashmir between india and pakistan
This document provides a historical overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from 1947 to the present. It discusses how the partition of British India led to disputes over the princely state of Kashmir, which both countries claimed. India and Pakistan have fought three wars over Kashmir and attempted negotiations, but they have failed to resolve the conflict. The UN intervened in 1948 and called for a plebiscite in Kashmir after withdrawal of troops, but demilitarization plans were rejected by both sides. The conflict has remained unresolved despite several attempts at mediation and negotiations over the decades.
History- PPT 7_095800.pptx
The document provides information about the CUET syllabus for history, with a focus on topics related to the partition of India. It discusses key events and policies that led to the partition such as the 1905 partition of Bengal, the formation of the Muslim League in 1906, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916. The document then examines the negotiations and plans surrounding independence and partition, including the Cabinet Mission Plan, Mountbatten Plan, and the violence that occurred during the partition. It also discusses the impact on women and the displacement of refugees. In summarizing the complex political negotiations and communal tensions during this period, the document emphasizes the role of the British policy of divide and rule in exacerbating religious divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
Partition of Punjab
a look at events leading to and the aftermath of three different partitions of Punjab after the emergence of British rule
PARTITION OF PUNJAB
The document summarizes the history of partitions in the Punjab region of South Asia after the establishment of British rule. It discusses three major partitions:
1. The formation of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) in 1901, which separated Pashto-speaking districts from Punjab province.
2. The partition of British India in 1947 which divided Punjab between newly-independent India and Pakistan.
3. The division of Punjab in 1964 which created the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
For each partition, it outlines the events leading up to the partition, the process undertaken, and the aftermath. It provides historical context on the establishment of British Punjab and the various administrative changes that
kashmir-131112074611-phpapp01 (1).pdf
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. After partition in 1947, the ruler of Kashmir signed an instrument of accession joining India amid an invasion by Pakistani tribesmen. This led to the first Indo-Pakistani war and division of Kashmir along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute, and infiltration of militants from Pakistan has led to ongoing tensions and violence in the region.
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx
This document provides an overview of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan in 6 sections. It discusses: (1) how the conflict started over the ruler's decision to join India after Partition; (2) the wars fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir; (3) human rights violations against Kashmiris; (4) the roles of international organizations like the UN and OIC; and (6) concludes that Kashmiris should determine the region's status and resolving this conflict is important for South Asian peace and prosperity.
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kashmir issue.pptx
- 1. Faisal Fida Sap:-39941 BSCS II Topic:- Kashmir issue
- 3. Introduction • Kashmir is a territorial conflict between India and Pakistan. • India controls 55%, Pakistan controls 30% and China controls 15% land of Kashmir. • India controls 70% Pakistan 28% and China 2% population approximately. • According to census of 1941 there were 77% Muslims, 20% Hindus and 3% other ethnicities.
- 5. Partition • Jammu and Kashmir was a Princely State. At that time there were 565 official Princely States. • Indian Independence act 1947. • Hari Singh wanted independence. • Pakistani authorities approached Hari Singh but due to his indecision Pakistan mobilized Pakhtons and locals named “Azad Forces.”
- 6. Accession • When Mehr Chand visited Nehru and told him about the Maharaja's intention of joining India, the Muslim mutiny starts • Maharaja response. • Mountbatten response (Governor General of India). • 26 Oct 1947 Maharaja signed "instrument of accession" which governor general accepted. • People of Gilgit and Baltistan choose to join Pak by their choice.
- 7. Wars • First War 1947 • 2nd War on 1965 • 3rd war 1999 (Kargal War).
- 8. United Nations • 1947 war. • Indian brought this matter to UN security council. • United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan(UNCIP). • 1 Jan 1949 signed Cease Fire. • Pakistan proposal (Parity), UNO accepted but India rejected. • View on India's rejection. • Dixon Plan (Jamu+Ladakh-India),(Azak Kashmir+N.Areas-Pakistan). • Common wealth programs (Pak accept, India Reject)
- 9. Pakistan view • Jugular vein of Pakistan. • Final status by the “Peoples of Kashmir”. • Indian forces were in Kashmir before the Instrument of accession was signed. • Popular insurgency in Kashmir show. • Two nation theory. • Indian negation to UNO. • Indian Defense Minister Krishan Menon said. • “Kashmir would vote to join Pakistan and no Indian Government responsible for agreeing to plebiscite would survive”.
- 10. Indian view • Integral part • Signature of Maharaja are valid. • UNO Resolution 1947 cant be implemented. • Terrorism.
- 11. Kashmir view • Almost all the independent polls shows that most of the Kashmiris wanted Independence from both India and Pakistan. They want to remain independent.