This document summarizes the objectives and findings of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's DIVA project, which monitors crop improvement in sub-Saharan Africa. The project has 3 objectives, involves 3 broad institutional actors, and covers 3 types of commodities. Data availability for the continuing commodities from 1998 varies, with some data being partially available but not reliable, some available and mostly reliable, and some available and reliable. Findings on varietal output show positive trends over time with some political instability impacts. Findings on varietal adoption show steady gains exceeding 1% annually in most crops, with some cases of substantial country gains and others of incremental, cumulative gains. Levels of modern variety adoption are categorized for different crops.

1. Arega Alene (IITA-Malawi); Yigezu Yigezu (ICARDA); Jupiter Ndjeunga (ICRISAT-Niger); Ricardo Labarta (CIP-Nairobi); Robert Andrade (CIAT); Aliou Diagne (AfricaRice); Rachel Muthoni (CIAT-PABRA); Franklin Simtowe (ICRISAT-Nairobi); Tom Walker (DIVA project coordinator) ◆ Antecedent: The 1998 Initiative that resulted in Evenson & Gollin (2003) 20-25%◆

9. -2 -1 0 1 2 Change in annual release rate (1999 to 2010) 0 .5 1 1.5 2 Annual release rate from 1974 to 1998 Rice Cote d’Ivoire Rice Sierra Leone Maize Nigeria Potato Ethiopia Cassava Kenya Beans Rwanda Cassava Nigeria

10. Findings on Varietal Adoption from the 1998 Data Commodity Improved Cultivars (%) Coverage (%) Improved cultivars: lower bound assumption (%) Wheat 66 85 56 Potato 56 68 44 Rice 45 57 25 Maize WCA 37 94 35 Maize ESA 36 90 34 Cassava 22 83 18 Sorghum 23 54 13 Beans a 15 67 10 Barley 11 90 10 Groundnut 30 6 2 Pearl Millet 19 10 2 Lentils 0 80 0 a IARC only

14. -20 0 20 40 60 Change in adoption (%) in 2009/2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 Adoption levels (%) in 1998 Maize Nigeria Cassava Nigeria Maize Cameroon Maize Senegal Potato Rwanda Potato Uganda Maize Ghana Cassava Benin Cassava Malawi Beans Malawi