1) Public-private partnerships are key to building a sustainable bean seed system in Africa. Such partnerships can increase certified bean seed usage, facilitate the release and distribution of improved varieties, and boost productivity and incomes.
2) The integration of quality declared seed produced by local seed producers helped decentralize Africa's bean seed systems and make seed more accessible to smallholder farmers.
3) Examples from countries like Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya show that partnerships have led to rising bean production and productivity, as well as increasing farmer demand for and use of certified seed.
AgResults is a new multilateral initiative addressing the need for increased investment in global food security and agriculture, in particular from the private sector achieved through Pull Mechanism.
Increase incentives for private sector investment in agriculture.
Incentive after measurable results not before i.e Aflatoxin reduced maize through smallholder/contracting farmers.
In areas where private sector investment is virtually absent due to market uncertainties.
Leaving production, marketing and distribution strategies to the private sector( Implementers).
AgResults is a new multilateral initiative addressing the need for increased investment in global food security and agriculture, in particular from the private sector achieved through Pull Mechanism.
Increase incentives for private sector investment in agriculture.
Incentive after measurable results not before i.e Aflatoxin reduced maize through smallholder/contracting farmers.
In areas where private sector investment is virtually absent due to market uncertainties.
Leaving production, marketing and distribution strategies to the private sector( Implementers).
In Nigeria, there is high contamination of maize with unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin.
This contamination has harmful health effects for the consumers and negative economic consequences for the growers.
Bio control product Aflasafe, which reduces aflatoxin contamination of maize by 80% to 90% was developed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and other partners in Nigeria.
The AgResults Aflasafe Project is providing incentives to smallholder farmers for adopting this biological control innovation.
AgResult focus on consumption and production impact of aflatoxin reduced maize.
Also creating innovation platform for off-taking of aflatoxin reduced maize in Nigeria.
Aflatoxins
Aflasafe
Highly toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and related fungi
Most toxic compound found in nature
The fungus infects crops and produces the toxin in the field and in stores
Maize and groundnut are most vulnerable; other crops are susceptible
Contamination possible without visible signs of the fungus
Impact on health and trade
Increasing productivity of chickens through the African Chicken Genetic Gains...Hillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
AgResults is a new multilateral initiative addressing the need for increased investment in global food security and agriculture, in particular from the private sector achieved through Pull Mechanism.
Increase incentives for private sector investment in agriculture.
Incentive after measurable results not before i.e Aflatoxin reduced maize through smallholder/contracting farmers.
In areas where private sector investment is virtually absent due to market uncertainties.
Leaving production, marketing and distribution strategies to the private sector( Implementers).
AgResults is a new multilateral initiative addressing the need for increased investment in global food security and agriculture, in particular from the private sector achieved through Pull Mechanism.
Increase incentives for private sector investment in agriculture.
Incentive after measurable results not before i.e Aflatoxin reduced maize through smallholder/contracting farmers.
In areas where private sector investment is virtually absent due to market uncertainties.
Leaving production, marketing and distribution strategies to the private sector( Implementers).
In Nigeria, there is high contamination of maize with unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin.
This contamination has harmful health effects for the consumers and negative economic consequences for the growers.
Bio control product Aflasafe, which reduces aflatoxin contamination of maize by 80% to 90% was developed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and other partners in Nigeria.
The AgResults Aflasafe Project is providing incentives to smallholder farmers for adopting this biological control innovation.
AgResult focus on consumption and production impact of aflatoxin reduced maize.
Also creating innovation platform for off-taking of aflatoxin reduced maize in Nigeria.
Aflatoxins
Aflasafe
Highly toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and related fungi
Most toxic compound found in nature
The fungus infects crops and produces the toxin in the field and in stores
Maize and groundnut are most vulnerable; other crops are susceptible
Contamination possible without visible signs of the fungus
Impact on health and trade
Increasing productivity of chickens through the African Chicken Genetic Gains...Hillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
We are an international agricultural research organization focused on addressing hunger, poverty, and degradation of natural resources in the tropics. Our award-winning research provides solutions to nourish Africa
Day 4 - Module 4: Seed Sector RegulationAfricaSeeds
A training and validation workshop of the Seed Operations Toolkit was held in Abidjan from 14 to 18 November 2016. Designed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with AfricaSeeds, the Toolkit aims to provide guidance for capacity development of all stakeholders of the seed value chain. The workshop was attended by 27 experts from 21 African countries. The validated modules were: Module 1: Development of small-scale seed enterprises; Module 2: Seed conditioning equipment; Module 3: Seed Quality Control and Certification; and Module 4: Seed Sector Regulation.
Delivering a sustainable rice seed system in a complex institutional settingHillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
B4FA 2012 Ghana: Seed Trade Environment in Ghana - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation by Daniel Otunge, African Agricultural Technology Foundation
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Village seed banks spark farmer participationICRISAT
Investments by ICRISAT and partners have resulted in the development of a broad range of varieties. But, farmers have little access to seed of improved varieties, as the formal sector is unable to meet their needs. The private sector is not keen either. Is there a sustainable method to get past this bottleneck?
Beans - New bean varieties for income and nutrition in AfricaHillary Hanson
Science and Technical Partnership in Africa: Technologies, Platforms and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
AfricaRice Director General Dr Harold Roy-Macauley leading the panel discussion on "Africa Riceing : Mobilizing and applying science and complementary resources to achieve self–sufficiency in rice in Africa." at the 7th Africa Agriculture Science Week and FARA General Assembly, Kigali, Rwanda, on 14 June 2016
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 4: Rice policy for food security through smallholder and agribusiness development
Mini symposium 3: Socio-economic drivers of change in rice sector development
Author: Demont
From Farm to Fork: The 20 year journey of the Center for Environmental Farmin...CIAT
Speaker: Prof. John O’Sullivan, former director of CEFS- the Center for Environmental Farming Systems- (http://www.cefs.ncsu.edu), North Carolina State University
We are an international agricultural research organization focused on addressing hunger, poverty, and degradation of natural resources in the tropics. Our award-winning research provides solutions to nourish Africa
Day 4 - Module 4: Seed Sector RegulationAfricaSeeds
A training and validation workshop of the Seed Operations Toolkit was held in Abidjan from 14 to 18 November 2016. Designed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with AfricaSeeds, the Toolkit aims to provide guidance for capacity development of all stakeholders of the seed value chain. The workshop was attended by 27 experts from 21 African countries. The validated modules were: Module 1: Development of small-scale seed enterprises; Module 2: Seed conditioning equipment; Module 3: Seed Quality Control and Certification; and Module 4: Seed Sector Regulation.
Delivering a sustainable rice seed system in a complex institutional settingHillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
B4FA 2012 Ghana: Seed Trade Environment in Ghana - Daniel Otungeb4fa
Presentation by Daniel Otunge, African Agricultural Technology Foundation
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Village seed banks spark farmer participationICRISAT
Investments by ICRISAT and partners have resulted in the development of a broad range of varieties. But, farmers have little access to seed of improved varieties, as the formal sector is unable to meet their needs. The private sector is not keen either. Is there a sustainable method to get past this bottleneck?
Beans - New bean varieties for income and nutrition in AfricaHillary Hanson
Science and Technical Partnership in Africa: Technologies, Platforms and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
AfricaRice Director General Dr Harold Roy-Macauley leading the panel discussion on "Africa Riceing : Mobilizing and applying science and complementary resources to achieve self–sufficiency in rice in Africa." at the 7th Africa Agriculture Science Week and FARA General Assembly, Kigali, Rwanda, on 14 June 2016
3rd Africa Rice Congress
Theme 4: Rice policy for food security through smallholder and agribusiness development
Mini symposium 3: Socio-economic drivers of change in rice sector development
Author: Demont
From Farm to Fork: The 20 year journey of the Center for Environmental Farmin...CIAT
Speaker: Prof. John O’Sullivan, former director of CEFS- the Center for Environmental Farming Systems- (http://www.cefs.ncsu.edu), North Carolina State University
One of the principles is:
2. Partnerships
The CGIAR recognizes that partnerships are critical.
access
harnessing efficiencies
achieving maximum impact
NOTE: may require incentives that must be innovatively designed, carefully managed and diligently monitored.
A Scientist's Perspective on Open Access and Data Management by Leigh WinowieckiCIAT
The following is a presentation from CIAT's 2014 Annual Program Review in Cali, Colombia by Leigh Winowiecki a Soil Scientist, which debates the issue of scientific data, publishing through open access,and the crediting, sharing and reuse of data among scientists and the greater scientific community.
Dr. Alberto Takashi Tsuhako, Vice Director General y la Dra. Sandra Ferreira, Directora Ejecutiva de la (Associação Nacional dos Productores de Sementes - ANPROSEM, Brasil)
Speaker: Eduardo Vallejos Associate Professor, Molecular Biology & Physiology.
The talk will cover overall perspective of both genetic and modeling and advanced methods for working with the genetic and phenotypic data with crop models and a perspective on promising future approaches.
Perspectives on Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and Common bean breedingCIAT
PABRA is promoting the use of a Commodity Corridor Approach to improve the business environment for farmers and private sector and enhance access to agricultural support services.
Presented at the High-Level Ministerial (HLM) Conference on Rice Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 25 September 2018
Dakar, Senegal
Presented by Dr Amadou Beye, Seed Specialist,
Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
Harnessing Investments to Transforming Bean Value Chains for Better Incomes a...Hillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms, and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
Developing an African bio-resource based chemical industrySIANI
Presented at the workshop "Moving Africa Towards a Knowledge based Bio-economy: How can Sweden assist?" organised by the SIANI Bio-economy Expert Group. More at: http://www.siani.se/news/siani-bioeconomy-expert-group-business
Rice - Advanced rice varieties for Africa Hillary Hanson
Science and Technical Partnership in Africa: Technologies, Platforms and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
Presentations from the 1st Kenya Food Systems Conference held last April 5, 2023.
Included are presentations:
- Maize Productivity Growth: Addressing uncertainties and potential for further growth. (Charles Bett, Deputy Institute Director, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research – Kiboko)
- Agricultural Inputs: Affordability, Availability, and Adoption. (John Olwande, Research Fellow, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy, and Development)
- Improving Postharvest Management systems: The Social, Economic, and Environmental Gains. (Prof. Jane Ambuko, University of Nairobi)
- Knowledge Transfer: Building capacity through extension and digital services. (Michael Keenan, Associate Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- De-risking agriculture through crop insurance? Insights from an impact evaluation of novel insurance solutions. (Berber Kamer, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Options for addressing high food prices and for making food more affordable. (Lilian Kirimi, Senior Research Fellow, Tegemeo)
- Improving food safety. (Prof. Erastus Kang’ethe, Food Safety Consultant)
- Last mile retail: A Look at Mama Mboga and supermarkets. (Christiane Chege, International Center for Tropical Agriculture – CIAT)
- Promoting healthier diets and influencing consumer preferences. (Olivier Ecker, Senior Research Fellow, IFPRI)
- Developments and forecasts for global food, fertilizer, and fuel markets. (David Laborde, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO)
- Climate-proofing agricultural production and the food system. (Michael Ndegwa, Associate Sceintist, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center – CIMMYT)
- Managing migration and urbanization. ( Dr. Moses Muthinja, Director, Integrated Development, Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis – KIPPRA)
- Demographic shifts: Leveraging women and youth for food system transformation. ( Prof. Salome Bukachi, Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi)
- Recommendations and actions to support the implementation of the Bottom-Up Economic Plan - Summary of Day 1 - (Joseph Maina, MoALD and Joseph Karugia, ILRI/CGIAR)
Harnessing Investments to Transforming Bean Value Chains for Better Incomes a...Hillary Hanson
Scientific and Technical Partnerships in Africa: Technologies, Platforms and Partnerships in support of the African agricultural science agenda, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, April 4&5, 2017
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv.
Presentado por Byron Reyes, CIAT/ Harvestplus
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Jennifer Twyman, Líder de investigación de Género en el CIAT
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate changeCIAT
The 4 per 1000 Africa Symposium - Building synergies across Africa to advance on soils for food security and climate, Johannesburg, South Africa 24-26 October 2018
Rolf Sommer, Kristin Piikki, Mats Söderström, Sylvia Nyawira, Mayesse da Silva, Wuletawu Abera and
Job Kihara
Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Agricultura de República DominicanaCIAT
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
BioTerra es un sistema innovador de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas desarrollado por el Programa Riqueza Natural de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), y sus socios locales – el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) – para apoyar al gobierno colombiano en el cumplimiento de las metas y compromisos de conservación de la biodiversidad. Este sistema busca complementar y aunar esfuerzos existentes de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas, a nivel nacional y regional.
Cacao for Peace Activities for Tackling the Cadmium in Cacao Issue in Colo...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to forkCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Técnicas para disminuir la disponibilidad de cadmio en suelos de cacaoterasCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Public Private Partnership in bean seed systems in Africa is key to sustainability
1. Public Private Partnership in bean seed
systems in Africa is key to sustainability
Jean Claude Rubyogo, Enock
Maereka, NARS, and CIAT Colleagues
.
CIAT APR, 22-26 June 2015
2. Variety release
Phase Period Number of
varieties
Phase 1-4 Before 2000 284
Phase 5 2001-2004 96 (380)
Phase 6 2004-2008 119
Phase 7 2009-2014 238
357 in the last ten years)
4. Some challenges before 2004
Limited information/knowledge on varieties
and seed systems (centralized and
decentralized)
Inadequate supply and limited diversity of
seed sources
Limited client oriented seed marketing
(centralized)
Inefficiency in the seed production
Delays in availing varieties to farmers:
◦ Delays in variety use after release
5. 1
2
3
4
Certified seeds (large
and small packs) using
market and non market
channels
Farmers
Quality Declared Seed (QDS)
by local seed producers
(individual or groups –supported
by Development partners (GOs,
NGOs, CBOs etc.)
Basic seed 2
(Private seed
producers)
Pre-basic seed (NARS/ Private sector
)
Breeder seed (NARS)
Farmers5 Traders
Integrated Seed System for wider impact (2004)
Inclusion of Quality Declared
6. Use of certified bean seed (% area
sown) in selected African countries
Country 2004 2010 2014
Ethiopia <1 5.4 15.6
Kenya <2 3.4 5.9
Malawi <1 5.2 5.2
Uganda 3.6 6.3 8.9
8. Increased bean productivity:
case of Ethiopia (2004/5-
2013/14).
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Productivity(tons/ha)
Years
More than
70% increase
in bean
productivity:
from 0.861
tons per ha to
1.49 tons per
ha between
2004 and
2014.
Reliable grain market pulls use
of quality seed, improved
agronomic practices, grain
9. Trend of bean production in
Ethiopia
211,347
138,422
222,701
241,418
329,775
362,890
340,280
387,802
455,115
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2013/14
Pdoduction(tons)
Year
12. The PPPs process
Generating and
disseminating lessons
learned for scaling up
Participatory evaluation
and performance
tracking
Scheduling activities
around seed
production, variety
promotion and seed
distribution
Making available
breeder seed of
preferred variety
(ies) to seed
companies and
support services.
Building of
partnership to scale
up seed supply
Demand creation
for improved
varieties
1
2
3
6
5
4
13. Adoption of innovative approaches for
fast and efficient distribution of bean
seed.
Sale of seed in small
pocket-friendly packs
Wider impact strategy
Convenient and
affordable access by
farmers
Affordable testing of new
varieties
Diversity of bean varieties
accessed
14. Increasing demand of quality bean seed pulled
by differentiated /profitable grain
market/nutrition
As result of intensive demand creation, farmers
increasingly realizing the value of varieties and
their utilization
15. Increased bean seed production:
case of CEDO – Uganda (2010-
2013).
149.1
171.8
301.3
380.4
-
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
2010 2011 2012 2013
Amount(tons)ofbeanseed
produced
Year
16. Some constraints of private seed
companies
Limited availability of breeder/basic
seed from NARS
Inadequate knowledge on quality bean
seed production/post harvest and
business/marketing skills
Inadequate capacity of seed services
to inspect seed fields
17. Cost sharing - breeder
1: 3 seed ratio:
(DARS 1 and
private company : 3
)
In kind payment
(breeder seed
equivalent)
Contracting
arrangement
Dr. Reuben Otsyula
KALRO
18. Breeder Seed Production (kg)
Year 2013 2014 2015
DARS-EX Agris
(Malawi)
55 1,563 2,500
KALRO–Bubayi
(Kenya)
2,000 3,600 23,000
Total 2,055 5,163 25,500
20. What did PABRA (NARS/CIAT)
bring on board?
Facilitate the partnerships between NARS
and private companies
Technical backstopping, training on bean
seed pre and post harvest technologies
and seed business
Facilitate linkages between certified seed
producers and basic/breeder seed
producers
Supportive messages on utilization e.g.
nutrition messages (iron and zinc) or
marketability
Engagement with policy makers (national
21. Future plans
Explore the possibility of co-owning the
released varieties (rather than being NARS
sole property ) – management/sharing the IP
(CIAT/NARS/private seed companies)
Bring in the private sector on board before the
release and grant exclusive/non exclusive!!
rights
Private sector to pay some royalties to support
breeding or nucleus seed production
Integrating QDS and support to private
companies (for synergies and impact )
What are sustainable institutional mixes for
delivering and out-scaling seed and
complementary technologies?
22. Seed system support Innovations under
Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
Agriculture (SFSA)
Strengthen multiple varieties release across
countries – for economy of scale –wider
market/cross border seed trade
Facilitate variety licensing to seed companies
and wider commercialization of bean seed
Fine-tune and deploy embedded crop
insurance in the seed price to pull the use of
certified seed (two students) PABRA/CCAFS-
UoN
Marketing test and scale up use of seed
dressing systemic Apron Star (fungicide
+insecticide) – pull seed ?
23. Other areas to expand seed
systems/ICM
Mechanization of
small and medium
holders
◦ Participatory testing and
strengthen supply value
Production efficiency
◦ Weed control –
strengthen supply chain
◦ Environment effects??
◦ Soil fertility (foliar
feed/boosters!!)