WAL_CRJS4402_05_A_EN-CC.mp4
How to Write an Outreach Grant
Proposal
By Karen M. Markin SEPTEMBER 15, 2006
Plenty of advice is available for scientists seeking research grants. But what if you are
looking for money to create an after-school science program or a training session for
nurses who work with an increasingly elderly population?
Writing a grant for community or "outreach" activities is different from writing a
research grant. In a scientific grant proposal, it is understood that researchers are
exploring new realms and cannot know exactly what they will encounter. That's the
definition of basic science, and delving into the unknown is what makes it exciting.
In contrast, an outreach grant proposal represents a road map for a project in which
the applicants know where they are going and how to get there, and anticipates bumps
in the road.
Foundations and agencies that support outreach programs want to see their money
make a difference. While the full significance of a physicist's new findings in
nonlinear dynamics may not be recognized for years, an outreach program is expected
to show results -- here and now. That could mean higher test scores for students or
increased fitness among the elderly. Whatever the target, you must provide evidence
that your approach can succeed.
Don't assume that outreach grants are limited to human activities. For example, the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration provides money for coral-
reef conservation projects as well as efforts to remove marine debris such as derelict
boats and abandoned crab pots. So faculty members from many disciplines have the
opportunity to seek grants for community activities.
If you are seeking money for such activities, it helps to know a little grant lingo when
you search in databases or in directories. Under "award type" or "type of support,"
select "service delivery," "program development," "demonstration program" or
"outreach."
In writing grant proposals, scientists are familiar with a format that includes the
project's significance with respect to existing knowledge, its objectives, perhaps some
preliminary data, and a research-design and methods section. A proposal for an
outreach project is similar but uses different terminology for the sections. It includes
five basic components: a description of the problem you want to deal with, what you
hope to achieve by tackling the problem, how you will approach the problem, who
will be in charge of which activities, and how you will measure your success.
Showing the Problem
Establishing the need for the work you propose is an essential first step. While a
scientific-research project usually doesn't have to identify practical applications for
the work, an outreach proposal must show the existence of a problem that needs to be
remedied. A strong "statement of need," as it is sometimes called in the application,
lists specific probl ...
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CHAPTER
1
Research in Public and Nonprofit Programs
The Basics
What do you think of when you hear the word research? Do you imagine a scientist working in a lab, an economist surrounded by computers and graphs, or a scholar surrounded by a pile of books? You are right; each is conducting research. But research goes well beyond the work of a scientist, an economist, or a scholar. Research may describe what you do when you decide what computer to buy, what jobs to apply for, or what music to download. It also describes what effective managers and influential stakeholders do when they monitor a program’s performance, determine its effectiveness, and assess the experiences and opinions of its clients. With information gathered from research, managers monitor their programs, publicize their successes, and identify opportunities for program improvement. Stakeholders may use the information to decide what programs to support and what policies to advocate for. Just as you sometimes make decisions, organizations make some decisions quickly with little information. Sometimes, however, decisions are made after gathering as much information as possible and organizing it. This latter approach to research is the subject of this text. We define research as the systematic gathering and analysis of empirical information to answer a question.
RESEARCH AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Research and effective organizations go hand in hand. They both depend on openness, accountability, and a commitment to learning and change. Openness or transparency is a key organizational and research value, which adds to an organization’s reputation. Stakeholders want to know how an organization uses its resources. They want information on what the organization does and what it has achieved. Information on a program’s performance, its effectiveness, and how it is perceived all contribute to transparency. You, your staff, or a contractor may conduct research to gather information. Whoever conducts the research is expected to disclose what information they gathered, whom they gathered it from, and how they analyzed it. With full disclosure, management teams have the information they need to decide if and how they can act on the research findings.
Accountability may be thought of as an attribute of transparency. An accountable organization is open and produces evidence that it is meeting stakeholder expectations. Donors, funders, and clients may all want confirmation that a program is well managed and achieving results. You may collect data on a program’s clients, activities, services, and results. Information on clients and activities documents that the program reaches the target population and provides appropriate services. You can link the information on clients and activities to data that can be linked to results. .
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CHAPTER
1
Research in Public and Nonprofit Programs
The Basics
What do you think of when you hear the word research? Do you imagine a scientist working in a lab, an economist surrounded by computers and graphs, or a scholar surrounded by a pile of books? You are right; each is conducting research. But research goes well beyond the work of a scientist, an economist, or a scholar. Research may describe what you do when you decide what computer to buy, what jobs to apply for, or what music to download. It also describes what effective managers and influential stakeholders do when they monitor a program’s performance, determine its effectiveness, and assess the experiences and opinions of its clients. With information gathered from research, managers monitor their programs, publicize their successes, and identify opportunities for program improvement. Stakeholders may use the information to decide what programs to support and what policies to advocate for. Just as you sometimes make decisions, organizations make some decisions quickly with little information. Sometimes, however, decisions are made after gathering as much information as possible and organizing it. This latter approach to research is the subject of this text. We define research as the systematic gathering and analysis of empirical information to answer a question.
RESEARCH AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Research and effective organizations go hand in hand. They both depend on openness, accountability, and a commitment to learning and change. Openness or transparency is a key organizational and research value, which adds to an organization’s reputation. Stakeholders want to know how an organization uses its resources. They want information on what the organization does and what it has achieved. Information on a program’s performance, its effectiveness, and how it is perceived all contribute to transparency. You, your staff, or a contractor may conduct research to gather information. Whoever conducts the research is expected to disclose what information they gathered, whom they gathered it from, and how they analyzed it. With full disclosure, management teams have the information they need to decide if and how they can act on the research findings.
Accountability may be thought of as an attribute of transparency. An accountable organization is open and produces evidence that it is meeting stakeholder expectations. Donors, funders, and clients may all want confirmation that a program is well managed and achieving results. You may collect data on a program’s clients, activities, services, and results. Information on clients and activities documents that the program reaches the target population and provides appropriate services. You can link the information on clients and activities to data that can be linked to results. .
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CHAPTER
1
Research in Public and Nonprofit Programs
The Basics
What do you think of when you hear the word research? Do you imagine a scientist working in a lab, an economist surrounded by computers and graphs, or a scholar surrounded by a pile of books? You are right; each is conducting research. But research goes well beyond the work of a scientist, an economist, or a scholar. Research may describe what you do when you decide what computer to buy, what jobs to apply for, or what music to download. It also describes what effective managers and influential stakeholders do when they monitor a program’s performance, determine its effectiveness, and assess the experiences and opinions of its clients. With information gathered from research, managers monitor their programs, publicize their successes, and identify opportunities for program improvement. Stakeholders may use the information to decide what programs to support and what policies to advocate for. Just as you sometimes make decisions, organizations make some decisions quickly with little information. Sometimes, however, decisions are made after gathering as much information as possible and organizing it. This latter approach to research is the subject of this text. We define research as the systematic gathering and analysis of empirical information to answer a question.
RESEARCH AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Research and effective organizations go hand in hand. They both depend on openness, accountability, and a commitment to learning and change. Openness or transparency is a key organizational and research value, which adds to an organization’s reputation. Stakeholders want to know how an organization uses its resources. They want information on what the organization does and what it has achieved. Information on a program’s performance, its effectiveness, and how it is perceived all contribute to transparency. You, your staff, or a contractor may conduct research to gather information. Whoever conducts the research is expected to disclose what information they gathered, whom they gathered it from, and how they analyzed it. With full disclosure, management teams have the information they need to decide if and how they can act on the research findings.
Accountability may be thought of as an attribute of transparency. An accountable organization is open and produces evidence that it is meeting stakeholder expectations. Donors, funders, and clients may all want confirmation that a program is well managed and achieving results. You may collect data on a program’s clients, activities, services, and results. Information on clients and activities documents that the program reaches the target population and provides appropriate services. You can link the information on clients and activities to data that can be linked to results. .
20200507_010443.jpg
20200507_010448.jpg
20200507_010502.jpg
20200507_010507.jpg
20200507_010513.jpg
20200507_010517.jpg
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20200507_010527.jpg
CHAPTER
1
Research in Public and Nonprofit Programs
The Basics
What do you think of when you hear the word research? Do you imagine a scientist working in a lab, an economist surrounded by computers and graphs, or a scholar surrounded by a pile of books? You are right; each is conducting research. But research goes well beyond the work of a scientist, an economist, or a scholar. Research may describe what you do when you decide what computer to buy, what jobs to apply for, or what music to download. It also describes what effective managers and influential stakeholders do when they monitor a program’s performance, determine its effectiveness, and assess the experiences and opinions of its clients. With information gathered from research, managers monitor their programs, publicize their successes, and identify opportunities for program improvement. Stakeholders may use the information to decide what programs to support and what policies to advocate for. Just as you sometimes make decisions, organizations make some decisions quickly with little information. Sometimes, however, decisions are made after gathering as much information as possible and organizing it. This latter approach to research is the subject of this text. We define research as the systematic gathering and analysis of empirical information to answer a question.
RESEARCH AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
Research and effective organizations go hand in hand. They both depend on openness, accountability, and a commitment to learning and change. Openness or transparency is a key organizational and research value, which adds to an organization’s reputation. Stakeholders want to know how an organization uses its resources. They want information on what the organization does and what it has achieved. Information on a program’s performance, its effectiveness, and how it is perceived all contribute to transparency. You, your staff, or a contractor may conduct research to gather information. Whoever conducts the research is expected to disclose what information they gathered, whom they gathered it from, and how they analyzed it. With full disclosure, management teams have the information they need to decide if and how they can act on the research findings.
Accountability may be thought of as an attribute of transparency. An accountable organization is open and produces evidence that it is meeting stakeholder expectations. Donors, funders, and clients may all want confirmation that a program is well managed and achieving results. You may collect data on a program’s clients, activities, services, and results. Information on clients and activities documents that the program reaches the target population and provides appropriate services. You can link the information on clients and activities to data that can be linked to results. .
CSU Extension, Engagement and the Logic modelSteven Newman
Presentation delivered to graduate class Principles of Extension.
Much of the material generated in this lecture were from the extension, logic model, scholarship of engagement were taken from the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Program Development and Evaluation program.
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 7BUS 499 Module 1 Homework AssignmentPa.docxhanneloremccaffery
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 7
BUS 499: Module 1 Homework Assignment
Part I
Directions: For this first week, you will work on a draft. It may change during the course of this class, but do your best and start with a business problem that you find interesting. It may be in your field or it may be interesting in another way. Begin to narrow the choices that you selected in the Check Your Understanding.
Submit the following:
The working title of your topic.
Two to three paragraphs describing the topic and the rationale for choosing the topic. Use the 8 steps to outline your ideas.
A preliminary list of 10 to 15 resources, composed exclusively of titles and URLs.
One paragraph with your initial ideas for how you will conduct the research for this topic. Discuss the applicability of Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Method research methods. How could you apply each one? Which one seems best at this time to use for your proposal? Begin to narrow down the selection you might use for your proposal.
Note: Before submitting your final topic, please confer with your faculty advisor about your choice and options for a topic and get his or her input. The sooner you submit your topic to your advisor, the sooner you can begin your research on the topic.
Part II
Directions: Please fill in the areas shaded in blue.
Exercise I: Developing a research instrument
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Now that you have gone through all the chapters that constitute Step I of the research process, this exercise provides you with an opportunity to apply that knowledge to formulate a research problem that is of interest to you. As you know, selecting a research problem is one of the most important aspects of social research, so this exercise will, therefore, help you in formulating your research problem by raising questions and issues that will guide you to examine critically various facets and implications of what you are proposing to study. The exercise is designed to provide a directional framework that guides you through the problem formulation path. Keep in mind that the questions and issues raised in this exercise are not prescriptive but indicative and directional; hence you need to be critical and innovative while working through them. Thinking through a research problem with care can prevent a tremendous wastage of human and financial resources.
A research problem should be clearly stated and be specific in nature. The feasibility of the study in terms of the availability of technical expertise, finances, and time, and in terms of its relevance, should be considered thoroughly at the problem-formulation stage. In studies that attempt to establish a causal relationship or an association, the accuracy of the measurement of independent (cause) and dependent (effect) variables is of crucial importance and, hence, should be given serious consideration. If you have already selected a problem, you need not go through this process.
Start by identifying a broad area y.
Grant Writing without Blowing a GasketBy Alicia Vandenbroek.docxwhittemorelucilla
Grant Writing without Blowing a Gasket
By Alicia Vandenbroek
WHY SHOULD I FUNDRAISE?
No one woke up this morning asking for a budget
cut, but the harsh reality is that in todays eœnomic
downturn it is becoming more and more common.
Even libraries seen as a vital pan of the educational
process are subject to reductions becatise districts are
suffering financially Just as you've been tightening
your personal finances, schools face the conundrum
of funding exceptional programs with inadequate
funding. The answer? Grants, They aren't a perfect
solution, but there is a lot of financial support
available for those who ask.
Besides the monetary gain, one commonly
overlooked reward of grant funding is campus
revitalization. This renewal comes in several forms.
Other teachers are encouraged by your success and
willing to take risks. Sometimes those risks involve
using the materials you've acquired through your
grant, and sometimes the risks involve funding
for their own creative projects. Grants typically
allow students access to a unique experience. This
experience makes them broader educationally
and usually involves a cross curricular project that
develops lifelong learning,
BEGINWITHTHEENDINMIND
Beginning a grant can seem overwhelming if you
don't break it into manageable pieces. Always start
with the end in mind. In other words, what do you
want? This can be money, supplies, experiences, and
so on. Find the best deal by pricing these items in
advance. Be honest with vendors so they know you
might not actually place an order, but work out a deal
that gets you the most value.
After you know exacdy what you want, be creative
and find a way to use those items or experiences
in a student-friendly manner that direcdy supports
curricultun. For the most part grants are geared
toward directly impacting education; therefore, your
proposal must be educationally sound. Be careful not
to over commit yourself; this is the voice of grants
gone badly talking. You don't have to build the
space shutde, just engage and educate your students.
Sometimes less really is more. Focus on your strengths
or areas you would like to become your strengths. For
example, I'm kind of a tech nerd, so a lot of times
my grants focus on Web 2,0 tools and projects. If
technology scares you (yes, I know you are out there)
then focus on a different form of grant until you have
had time to increase your technology prowess and feel
comfortable taking on more challenging projects.
Check your progress:
O What supplies, projects, or experiences do you
hope to gain?
O What classroom/library goals do those supplies,
projects, or experiences support?
0 Does the grant provide opportunities to be
successful or highlight my skills?
THE PERFECT PAIR
1 wish I could tell you that diere is a m^ical grant
out there with your name on it already , , , but you
know that doesn't even happen in fairy tales. That
said the perfect paring of grant writ ...
25 Grant proposals are complex documents that can be .docxvickeryr87
25
Grant proposals are complex documents that can be dif-
ficult to write, and two of the most difficult parts are the
Statement of Need(s) and the concomitant Goal(s). One of
the most common reasons a grant proposal is rejected is
that the “[a]pplicant did not adequately define the need(s)
to be addressed by the proposal.”1 The statement of need(s)
must be precise and appropriate for funding to be attained.
Many writers experience problems with stating the real
need; instead, they describe superficial wants or items
related to meeting the need. In contrast, some writers have a
good understanding of the real need, but they state the goal
of their research or project in terms that are too vague to res-
onate with a grant-making agency. This article suggests two
prewriting exercises to help writers overcome these prob-
lems: logical mapping and a six-step method for articulat-
ing the goal. Logical mapping can help writers identify real
needs and clarify why they should be addressed; mapping
can also pinpoint the causes that a solution must address.
The six-step method can change vague claims about what
a solution-implementation project or research endeavor
will accomplish into clear, specific statements of the goal(s).
These two exercises are applicable to education and small
foundation grants; for more complicated grant proposals,
like those to the National Institutes of Health, these exercises
are useful but not necessarily sufficient.
It is always important to follow all instructions given in
the request for proposals (RFP) and to respond using key
words that reflect the values of the funding source. Many
proposals with great ideas are rejected because they fail
to follow all RFP guidelines. The RFP typically provides
explicit instructions about what information is needed in
which sections of a proposal; how to format that informa-
tion; and when, where, and how to submit the proposal.
RFPs give detailed requirements for font styles and sizes,
document length, due dates, and the types of projects that
can be funded for each specific grant. Sloppy formatting or
grammar and spelling errors will reflect poorly on the cred-
ibility of everyone involved with the project. Furthermore,
the “shotgun” method of proposal submission—sending a
proposal to several foundations or government agencies—
typically “results in high rates of rejection and negative posi-
tioning with funding sources.”2 Sending a proposal in this
manner, especially when some of the foundations or govern-
ment agencies have interests only marginally related to the
topic, not only garners rejection of that specific proposal,
it also reduces the credibility of the project team members
and their organization. Showing that good research has
gone into selecting potential funding sources as well as
developing the project will enhance credibility and help
persuade a reviewer that the ap.
Today’s challenging funding climate
makes it more important than ever to
acquire enough preliminary data to surmount
initial reviewer skepticism about the
feasibility of your research proposal. Learn
two strategies to ensure the feasibility of
your research proposal shines through to
reviewers.
SOCW 6311 wk 11 discussion 1 peer responses
Respond
to
at least two
colleagues’ by doing the following:
Respond to at least two colleagues by offering critiques of their analyses. Identify strengths in their analyses and strategies for presenting evaluation results to others.
Identify ways your colleagues might improve their presentations.
Identify potential needs or questions of the audience that they may not have considered.
Provide an additional strategy for overcoming the obstacles or challenges in communicating the content of the evaluation reports.
Name first and references after every person
Instructor wants lay out like this:
Respond to at least two colleagues ( 2 peers posts are provided) by doing all of the following:
Identify strengths of your colleagues’ analyses and areas in which the analyses could be improved.
Your response
Address his or her evaluation of the efficacy and applicability of the evidence-based practice,
Your response
[Evaluate] his or her identification of factors that could support or hinder the implementation of the evidence-based practice,
Your response
And [evaluate] his or her solution for mitigating those factors.
Your response
Offer additional insight to your colleagues by either identifying additional factors that may support or limit implementation of the evidence-based practice or an alternative solution for mitigating one of the limitations that your colleagues identified.
Your response
References
Your response
Peer 1: McKenna Bull
RE: Katie Otte Initial Post-Discussion 1 - Week 11
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Identify strengths in their analyses and strategies for presenting evaluation results to others.
You provided an insightful analysis of this particular process evaluation, and it seems that you were able to design a comprehensive presentation guideline. I agree with your tactic to break the presentation up into categories, and the categories you have selected seem to address the major components of the program, the evaluation itself, and the findings of said evaluation. You also provided a great analysis and summary of the PATHS program. The purpose of the program is clear, and the overarching purpose of the evaluation was made clear in your synopsis as well.
Identify ways your colleagues might improve their presentations.
You addressed outcome measures very well, however, there may have been some lacking information in regards to overall evaluation methods as a whole. Addressing factors such as who was collecting the data, how they were trained, how their training or standing could limit potential bias, and similar information. This may be an important piece of information that could help to provide audience members with a better understanding of the evaluation processes as a whole.
Identify potential needs or questions of the audience that they may not have considered.
As mentioned by Law and Shek (2011), this program was designed and facilitated in Hong Kong, Chi.
This annotated compendium of evaluation planning guides can help you understand the basics of conducting an evaluation; learn how to create a logic model and indicators; understand evaluation terminology; develop performance management metrics; and evaluate your research, knowledge translation and commercialization activities, outputs and outcomes.
BUS 499 Module 3 Homework AssignmentDirections Throughout this.docxRAHUL126667
BUS 499: Module 3 Homework Assignment
Directions: Throughout this course, you will be working on your senior capstone project. You will submit a component for this project at the end of each module.
Submit the following:
1. Find at least four more articles (scholarly journal articles) that apply to your topic.
2. Submit an Annotated Bibliography for each article you found. This is to be separate from the bibliography for the research proposal (also known as references in APA format).
3. Submit a bibliography in correct APA format for all of the articles you have read for your research proposal up to this point. You will add to this as you continue with your project with updated research that you find, but this will constitute the basis of your research on your topic.
4. Identify the top two articles that you find most pertinent to your topic and explain why.
5. Explain the theories and research methods that were used in those top 2 articles.
6. Explain whether you will use one of those theories to study your particular business problem.
7. Separately, submit a progress report that is one page in length and covers the state of the project, including accomplishments, issues, and concerns.
American Psychological Association. Basics of APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/.).
xercise I: Developing a research instrument
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Now that you have gone through all the chapters that constitute Step I of the research process, this exercise provides you with an opportunity to apply that knowledge to formulate a research problem that is of interest to you. As you know, selecting a research problem is one of the most important aspects of social research, so this exercise will, therefore, help you in formulating your research problem by raising questions and issues that will guide you to examine critically various facets and implications of what you are proposing to study. The exercise is designed to provide a directional framework that guides you through the problem formulation path. Keep in mind that the questions and issues raised in this exercise are not prescriptive but indicative and directional; hence you need to be critical and innovative while working through them. Thinking through a research problem with care can prevent a tremendous wastage of human and financial resources.
A research problem should be clearly stated and be specific in nature. The feasibility of the study in terms of the availability of technical expertise, finances, and time, and in terms of its relevance, should be considered thoroughly at the problem-formulation stage. In studies that attempt to establish a causal relationship or an association, the accuracy of the measurement of independent (cause) and dependent (effect) variables is of crucial importance and, hence, should be given serious consideration. If you have already selected a problem, you need not go through this process.
Start by identifying a broad area you are interested in. For e ...
Program Evaluation Studies TK Logan and David Royse .docxstilliegeorgiana
Program Evaluation
Studies
TK Logan and David Royse
A
variety of programs have been developed to address social problems such
as drug addiction, homelessness, child abuse, domestic violence, illiteracy,
and poverty. The goals of these programs may include directly addressing
the problem origin or moderating the effects of these problems on indi-
viduals, families, and communities. Sometimes programs are developed
to prevent something from happening such as drug use, sexual assault, or crime.
These kinds of problems and programs to help people are often what allracts many
social workers to the profession; we want to be part of the mechanism through which
society provides assistance to those most in need. Despite low wages, bureaucratic red
tape, and routinely uncooperative clients, we tirelessly provide services tha t are invaluable
but also at various Limes may be or become insufficient or inappropriate. But without
conducting eva luation, we do not know whether our programs are helping or hurting,
that is, whether they only postpone the hunt for real solutions or truly construct new
futures for our clients. This chapter provides an overview of program evaluation in gen -
eral and outlines the primary considerations in designing program evaluations.
Evaluation can be done informally or formally. We are constantly, as consumers, infor-
mally evaluating products, services, and in formation. For example, we may choose not to
return to a store or an agency again if we did not evaluate the experience as pleasant.
Similarl y, we may mentally take note of unsolicited comments or anecdotes from clients and
draw conclusions about a program. Anecdotal and informal approaches such as these gen-
erally are not regarded as carrying scientific credibility. One reason is that decision biases
play a role in our "informal" evaluation. Specifically, vivid memories or strongly negative or
positive anecdotes will be overrepresented in our summaries of how things are evaluated.
This is why objective data are necessary to truly understand what is or is not working.
By contrast, formal evaluations systematically examine data from and about programs
and their outcomes so that better decisions can be made about the interventions designed
to address the related social problem. Thus, program evaluation involves the usc of social
research meLhodologies to appraise and improve the ways in which human services, poli-
ci~s, and programs are co nducted. Formal eva l.uation, by its very nature, is applied research.
Formal program evaluations attempt to answer the following general ques tion: Does
the p rogram work? Program evaluation may also address questions such as the following:
Do our clients get better? How does our success rate compare to those of other programs
or agencies? Can the same level of success be obtained through less expensive means?
221
222 PART II • QUANTITATIVE A PPROACHES: TYPES OF STUD IES
What is the expe ...
Milestones Navigating Late Childhood to AdolescenceFrom the m.docxjessiehampson
Milestones: Navigating Late Childhood to Adolescence
From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
.
Migration and RefugeesMany immigrants in the region flee persecu.docxjessiehampson
Migration and Refugees
Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
.
More Related Content
Similar to WAL_CRJS4402_05_A_EN-CC.mp4How to Write an Outreach Gran.docx
CSU Extension, Engagement and the Logic modelSteven Newman
Presentation delivered to graduate class Principles of Extension.
Much of the material generated in this lecture were from the extension, logic model, scholarship of engagement were taken from the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Program Development and Evaluation program.
http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 7BUS 499 Module 1 Homework AssignmentPa.docxhanneloremccaffery
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 7
BUS 499: Module 1 Homework Assignment
Part I
Directions: For this first week, you will work on a draft. It may change during the course of this class, but do your best and start with a business problem that you find interesting. It may be in your field or it may be interesting in another way. Begin to narrow the choices that you selected in the Check Your Understanding.
Submit the following:
The working title of your topic.
Two to three paragraphs describing the topic and the rationale for choosing the topic. Use the 8 steps to outline your ideas.
A preliminary list of 10 to 15 resources, composed exclusively of titles and URLs.
One paragraph with your initial ideas for how you will conduct the research for this topic. Discuss the applicability of Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Method research methods. How could you apply each one? Which one seems best at this time to use for your proposal? Begin to narrow down the selection you might use for your proposal.
Note: Before submitting your final topic, please confer with your faculty advisor about your choice and options for a topic and get his or her input. The sooner you submit your topic to your advisor, the sooner you can begin your research on the topic.
Part II
Directions: Please fill in the areas shaded in blue.
Exercise I: Developing a research instrument
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Now that you have gone through all the chapters that constitute Step I of the research process, this exercise provides you with an opportunity to apply that knowledge to formulate a research problem that is of interest to you. As you know, selecting a research problem is one of the most important aspects of social research, so this exercise will, therefore, help you in formulating your research problem by raising questions and issues that will guide you to examine critically various facets and implications of what you are proposing to study. The exercise is designed to provide a directional framework that guides you through the problem formulation path. Keep in mind that the questions and issues raised in this exercise are not prescriptive but indicative and directional; hence you need to be critical and innovative while working through them. Thinking through a research problem with care can prevent a tremendous wastage of human and financial resources.
A research problem should be clearly stated and be specific in nature. The feasibility of the study in terms of the availability of technical expertise, finances, and time, and in terms of its relevance, should be considered thoroughly at the problem-formulation stage. In studies that attempt to establish a causal relationship or an association, the accuracy of the measurement of independent (cause) and dependent (effect) variables is of crucial importance and, hence, should be given serious consideration. If you have already selected a problem, you need not go through this process.
Start by identifying a broad area y.
Grant Writing without Blowing a GasketBy Alicia Vandenbroek.docxwhittemorelucilla
Grant Writing without Blowing a Gasket
By Alicia Vandenbroek
WHY SHOULD I FUNDRAISE?
No one woke up this morning asking for a budget
cut, but the harsh reality is that in todays eœnomic
downturn it is becoming more and more common.
Even libraries seen as a vital pan of the educational
process are subject to reductions becatise districts are
suffering financially Just as you've been tightening
your personal finances, schools face the conundrum
of funding exceptional programs with inadequate
funding. The answer? Grants, They aren't a perfect
solution, but there is a lot of financial support
available for those who ask.
Besides the monetary gain, one commonly
overlooked reward of grant funding is campus
revitalization. This renewal comes in several forms.
Other teachers are encouraged by your success and
willing to take risks. Sometimes those risks involve
using the materials you've acquired through your
grant, and sometimes the risks involve funding
for their own creative projects. Grants typically
allow students access to a unique experience. This
experience makes them broader educationally
and usually involves a cross curricular project that
develops lifelong learning,
BEGINWITHTHEENDINMIND
Beginning a grant can seem overwhelming if you
don't break it into manageable pieces. Always start
with the end in mind. In other words, what do you
want? This can be money, supplies, experiences, and
so on. Find the best deal by pricing these items in
advance. Be honest with vendors so they know you
might not actually place an order, but work out a deal
that gets you the most value.
After you know exacdy what you want, be creative
and find a way to use those items or experiences
in a student-friendly manner that direcdy supports
curricultun. For the most part grants are geared
toward directly impacting education; therefore, your
proposal must be educationally sound. Be careful not
to over commit yourself; this is the voice of grants
gone badly talking. You don't have to build the
space shutde, just engage and educate your students.
Sometimes less really is more. Focus on your strengths
or areas you would like to become your strengths. For
example, I'm kind of a tech nerd, so a lot of times
my grants focus on Web 2,0 tools and projects. If
technology scares you (yes, I know you are out there)
then focus on a different form of grant until you have
had time to increase your technology prowess and feel
comfortable taking on more challenging projects.
Check your progress:
O What supplies, projects, or experiences do you
hope to gain?
O What classroom/library goals do those supplies,
projects, or experiences support?
0 Does the grant provide opportunities to be
successful or highlight my skills?
THE PERFECT PAIR
1 wish I could tell you that diere is a m^ical grant
out there with your name on it already , , , but you
know that doesn't even happen in fairy tales. That
said the perfect paring of grant writ ...
25 Grant proposals are complex documents that can be .docxvickeryr87
25
Grant proposals are complex documents that can be dif-
ficult to write, and two of the most difficult parts are the
Statement of Need(s) and the concomitant Goal(s). One of
the most common reasons a grant proposal is rejected is
that the “[a]pplicant did not adequately define the need(s)
to be addressed by the proposal.”1 The statement of need(s)
must be precise and appropriate for funding to be attained.
Many writers experience problems with stating the real
need; instead, they describe superficial wants or items
related to meeting the need. In contrast, some writers have a
good understanding of the real need, but they state the goal
of their research or project in terms that are too vague to res-
onate with a grant-making agency. This article suggests two
prewriting exercises to help writers overcome these prob-
lems: logical mapping and a six-step method for articulat-
ing the goal. Logical mapping can help writers identify real
needs and clarify why they should be addressed; mapping
can also pinpoint the causes that a solution must address.
The six-step method can change vague claims about what
a solution-implementation project or research endeavor
will accomplish into clear, specific statements of the goal(s).
These two exercises are applicable to education and small
foundation grants; for more complicated grant proposals,
like those to the National Institutes of Health, these exercises
are useful but not necessarily sufficient.
It is always important to follow all instructions given in
the request for proposals (RFP) and to respond using key
words that reflect the values of the funding source. Many
proposals with great ideas are rejected because they fail
to follow all RFP guidelines. The RFP typically provides
explicit instructions about what information is needed in
which sections of a proposal; how to format that informa-
tion; and when, where, and how to submit the proposal.
RFPs give detailed requirements for font styles and sizes,
document length, due dates, and the types of projects that
can be funded for each specific grant. Sloppy formatting or
grammar and spelling errors will reflect poorly on the cred-
ibility of everyone involved with the project. Furthermore,
the “shotgun” method of proposal submission—sending a
proposal to several foundations or government agencies—
typically “results in high rates of rejection and negative posi-
tioning with funding sources.”2 Sending a proposal in this
manner, especially when some of the foundations or govern-
ment agencies have interests only marginally related to the
topic, not only garners rejection of that specific proposal,
it also reduces the credibility of the project team members
and their organization. Showing that good research has
gone into selecting potential funding sources as well as
developing the project will enhance credibility and help
persuade a reviewer that the ap.
Today’s challenging funding climate
makes it more important than ever to
acquire enough preliminary data to surmount
initial reviewer skepticism about the
feasibility of your research proposal. Learn
two strategies to ensure the feasibility of
your research proposal shines through to
reviewers.
SOCW 6311 wk 11 discussion 1 peer responses
Respond
to
at least two
colleagues’ by doing the following:
Respond to at least two colleagues by offering critiques of their analyses. Identify strengths in their analyses and strategies for presenting evaluation results to others.
Identify ways your colleagues might improve their presentations.
Identify potential needs or questions of the audience that they may not have considered.
Provide an additional strategy for overcoming the obstacles or challenges in communicating the content of the evaluation reports.
Name first and references after every person
Instructor wants lay out like this:
Respond to at least two colleagues ( 2 peers posts are provided) by doing all of the following:
Identify strengths of your colleagues’ analyses and areas in which the analyses could be improved.
Your response
Address his or her evaluation of the efficacy and applicability of the evidence-based practice,
Your response
[Evaluate] his or her identification of factors that could support or hinder the implementation of the evidence-based practice,
Your response
And [evaluate] his or her solution for mitigating those factors.
Your response
Offer additional insight to your colleagues by either identifying additional factors that may support or limit implementation of the evidence-based practice or an alternative solution for mitigating one of the limitations that your colleagues identified.
Your response
References
Your response
Peer 1: McKenna Bull
RE: Katie Otte Initial Post-Discussion 1 - Week 11
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Identify strengths in their analyses and strategies for presenting evaluation results to others.
You provided an insightful analysis of this particular process evaluation, and it seems that you were able to design a comprehensive presentation guideline. I agree with your tactic to break the presentation up into categories, and the categories you have selected seem to address the major components of the program, the evaluation itself, and the findings of said evaluation. You also provided a great analysis and summary of the PATHS program. The purpose of the program is clear, and the overarching purpose of the evaluation was made clear in your synopsis as well.
Identify ways your colleagues might improve their presentations.
You addressed outcome measures very well, however, there may have been some lacking information in regards to overall evaluation methods as a whole. Addressing factors such as who was collecting the data, how they were trained, how their training or standing could limit potential bias, and similar information. This may be an important piece of information that could help to provide audience members with a better understanding of the evaluation processes as a whole.
Identify potential needs or questions of the audience that they may not have considered.
As mentioned by Law and Shek (2011), this program was designed and facilitated in Hong Kong, Chi.
This annotated compendium of evaluation planning guides can help you understand the basics of conducting an evaluation; learn how to create a logic model and indicators; understand evaluation terminology; develop performance management metrics; and evaluate your research, knowledge translation and commercialization activities, outputs and outcomes.
BUS 499 Module 3 Homework AssignmentDirections Throughout this.docxRAHUL126667
BUS 499: Module 3 Homework Assignment
Directions: Throughout this course, you will be working on your senior capstone project. You will submit a component for this project at the end of each module.
Submit the following:
1. Find at least four more articles (scholarly journal articles) that apply to your topic.
2. Submit an Annotated Bibliography for each article you found. This is to be separate from the bibliography for the research proposal (also known as references in APA format).
3. Submit a bibliography in correct APA format for all of the articles you have read for your research proposal up to this point. You will add to this as you continue with your project with updated research that you find, but this will constitute the basis of your research on your topic.
4. Identify the top two articles that you find most pertinent to your topic and explain why.
5. Explain the theories and research methods that were used in those top 2 articles.
6. Explain whether you will use one of those theories to study your particular business problem.
7. Separately, submit a progress report that is one page in length and covers the state of the project, including accomplishments, issues, and concerns.
American Psychological Association. Basics of APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/.).
xercise I: Developing a research instrument
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES
Now that you have gone through all the chapters that constitute Step I of the research process, this exercise provides you with an opportunity to apply that knowledge to formulate a research problem that is of interest to you. As you know, selecting a research problem is one of the most important aspects of social research, so this exercise will, therefore, help you in formulating your research problem by raising questions and issues that will guide you to examine critically various facets and implications of what you are proposing to study. The exercise is designed to provide a directional framework that guides you through the problem formulation path. Keep in mind that the questions and issues raised in this exercise are not prescriptive but indicative and directional; hence you need to be critical and innovative while working through them. Thinking through a research problem with care can prevent a tremendous wastage of human and financial resources.
A research problem should be clearly stated and be specific in nature. The feasibility of the study in terms of the availability of technical expertise, finances, and time, and in terms of its relevance, should be considered thoroughly at the problem-formulation stage. In studies that attempt to establish a causal relationship or an association, the accuracy of the measurement of independent (cause) and dependent (effect) variables is of crucial importance and, hence, should be given serious consideration. If you have already selected a problem, you need not go through this process.
Start by identifying a broad area you are interested in. For e ...
Program Evaluation Studies TK Logan and David Royse .docxstilliegeorgiana
Program Evaluation
Studies
TK Logan and David Royse
A
variety of programs have been developed to address social problems such
as drug addiction, homelessness, child abuse, domestic violence, illiteracy,
and poverty. The goals of these programs may include directly addressing
the problem origin or moderating the effects of these problems on indi-
viduals, families, and communities. Sometimes programs are developed
to prevent something from happening such as drug use, sexual assault, or crime.
These kinds of problems and programs to help people are often what allracts many
social workers to the profession; we want to be part of the mechanism through which
society provides assistance to those most in need. Despite low wages, bureaucratic red
tape, and routinely uncooperative clients, we tirelessly provide services tha t are invaluable
but also at various Limes may be or become insufficient or inappropriate. But without
conducting eva luation, we do not know whether our programs are helping or hurting,
that is, whether they only postpone the hunt for real solutions or truly construct new
futures for our clients. This chapter provides an overview of program evaluation in gen -
eral and outlines the primary considerations in designing program evaluations.
Evaluation can be done informally or formally. We are constantly, as consumers, infor-
mally evaluating products, services, and in formation. For example, we may choose not to
return to a store or an agency again if we did not evaluate the experience as pleasant.
Similarl y, we may mentally take note of unsolicited comments or anecdotes from clients and
draw conclusions about a program. Anecdotal and informal approaches such as these gen-
erally are not regarded as carrying scientific credibility. One reason is that decision biases
play a role in our "informal" evaluation. Specifically, vivid memories or strongly negative or
positive anecdotes will be overrepresented in our summaries of how things are evaluated.
This is why objective data are necessary to truly understand what is or is not working.
By contrast, formal evaluations systematically examine data from and about programs
and their outcomes so that better decisions can be made about the interventions designed
to address the related social problem. Thus, program evaluation involves the usc of social
research meLhodologies to appraise and improve the ways in which human services, poli-
ci~s, and programs are co nducted. Formal eva l.uation, by its very nature, is applied research.
Formal program evaluations attempt to answer the following general ques tion: Does
the p rogram work? Program evaluation may also address questions such as the following:
Do our clients get better? How does our success rate compare to those of other programs
or agencies? Can the same level of success be obtained through less expensive means?
221
222 PART II • QUANTITATIVE A PPROACHES: TYPES OF STUD IES
What is the expe ...
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Milestones: Navigating Late Childhood to Adolescence
From the movie, Lila, Eight to Thirteen in this week's materials, identify 2–3 developmental milestones Lila reaches, and assess whether or not you think she successfully navigates her way through them as she prepares for adolescence. Support your assertions with evidence from your text and this week's materials.
.
Migration and RefugeesMany immigrants in the region flee persecu.docxjessiehampson
Migration and Refugees
Many immigrants in the region flee persecution and then return after they are liberated. For example, 700,000 Jews were allowed to leave the former Soviet Union and enter Israel in the 1990s. There has also been a migration of Palestinian people. Discuss the following:
Why do you think that Israel is such an important place for the Jews?
What is the importance of the area to the Palestinians?
What do you think the impact would be on you and your families if you participated in such long-distance migration?
No references needed, need response within 3 hours!
.
Min-2 pagesThe goal is to develop a professional document, take .docxjessiehampson
Min-2 pages
The goal is to develop a professional document, take a stake in your company (its a t-shirt and apparel company; see attached) as a business owner, and develop a business plan with the aim of securing financing to expand one’s business for an established firm.
Complete the following: (using the business plan working document)
10.0 Financials Plan
*Annotated plan has additional details if you have questions or need explanation
.
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
Miller, 1 Sarah Miller Professor Kristen Johnson C.docxjessiehampson
Miller, 1
Sarah Miller
Professor Kristen Johnson
CHID 230
2 April 2019
The Myth of Disability as Isolating in Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands
Jay Timothy Dolmage discusses the common disability myths that condition our
understanding of disability in his work Disability Rhetoric. He argues that these myths create the
perception that disabled people are “others”, through the portrayal of them as lesser, surplus, or
improper (Dolmage, 31). One of the myths that Dolmage examines is disability as isolating or
individualizing, which is perpetrated through narratives of disabled people living in isolation,
rarely having romantic relationships or friendships, and often being left alone at the end
(Dolmage, 43). This myth can be seen in the film Edward Scissorhands, directed by Tim Burton.
Edward is a human being created by an inventor, yet the inventor’s death before his completion
leaves him with scissor blades for hands. Edward lives in a gothic mansion atop a hill,
completely in isolation until local Avon saleswoman Peg Boggs visits. She is initially frightened
by his appearance, yet decides to take him home with her upon the realization that he is
harmless. Edward’s disability causes his transition into society to be largely unsuccessful, as he
is objectified and used by other people for their benefit, and at the end of the film he is forced to
return to living in isolation after their perception of him turns to one of fear and scorn.
Edward’s isolation from society is symbolically portrayed through many film design
techniques. The mansion in which he lives at the beginning and the end of the film starkly
contrasts the community in which the able-bodied society lives. The mansion is gothic, dark, and
partially in ruins, whereas the rest of the houses are brightly colored in pinks, yellows, and
Miller, 2
greens, all with perfectly manicured green lawns. His appearance also separates him from the
rest of society, as he has very pale skin, dark under-eyes, black untamed hair, and wears gothic
industrial clothes. The able-bodied individuals often wear colorful or light clothes and appear
quite “ordinary”. The contrast created between Edward and society through set, clothing,
makeup, and hair design work to portray Edward and his disability as unusual, creepy, and
“other”. Peg even attempts to “normalize” his appearance by giving him different clothes to wear
and attempting to cover his scars with makeup, in the hopes that it will ease his transition into the
community. This film phenomenon is discussed by Martin F. Norden in his book The Cinema of
Isolation: A History of Physical Disabilities in the Movies. He argues that filmmakers will
separate disabled characters from their able-bodied peers not only through the storyline, but also
through a number of design elements. He also states that this technique allows filmmakers to
reflect an able-bodied point of view and reduce d.
Migrating to the Cloud Please respond to the following1. .docxjessiehampson
"Migrating to the Cloud" Please respond to the following:
1. Imagine that you are a CIO and you have been tasked to examine the process of moving from one host server or storage location to another. Predict two foreseen challenges of migrating an application to the cloud in a live migration and high- availability setting. Propose a preventative measure or a solution for each of these challenges.
2. Imagine that you are the CIO for a midsized organization in this industry. Determine, in 10 or less steps, the timeline for a live migration to the cloud in your organization. Determine the three greatest risks in this deployment.
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Mike, Ana, Tiffany, Josh and Annie are heading to the store to get some snacks. Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has $5.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have? What's the median? A few days later, Annie's family won the lottery, and the kids go together to the store to get some snacks again. This time Mike has $1, Ana has $2, Tiffany has $3, Josh has $4, and Annie has wad of cash totaling $5,000.
What's the average (mean) amount of cash the five kids have this time? What's the median?
From part a, how have the mean and the median changed?
Which one - the mean or the median - is a better reflection of how much money they have together? Take you time before answering.
.
Michelle Wrote; There are several different reasons why an inter.docxjessiehampson
Michelle Wrote;
There are several different reasons why an intervention fails, such as the wrong intervention being selected or trying to solve the wrong problem. It is important that when performing and intervention that every thing have been severely observed and taken into consideration. I worked with an organization that was a travel agency, and they operated off of the commission that was collected from the booking that are processed, but they also provided a discount to the members that was taken out of the commission total. The issue was that when they initially opened the department there was no budget plan done and no guidelines were given, the agents were told to use discretion, and all though the department was a huge success in booking reservations they were still failing, because they were not withholding enough commission for the organization to operate under. Where the intervention process failed is that they never had formal training, which would have been a focus group to define the exact percentage to give to customer and the amount the organization needed to cover their overhead. During the meeting process there should have been definite guidelines to lead employees and managers from the accounting department so that the employees did not need to play the guessing game. Although they had the meeting nothing changed, because the problem was not solved with the employees and managers and was not addressed by the accounting department. The business is now in danger of folding because of the poor communication practices.
William Wrote:
Although what I am going to talk about is not my workplace but the place that I volunteer my time to sit on the board of directors for a non profit agency. As a board member we oversee the agency as a whole but we also break down into small committee groups to address needs as they arise. One of the committees that I am on is the planning committee. A change that was implemented by administration, program staff, and the board was all departments would start entering all their own data. At the time the agency had two data entry personal that was entering all agency data. So the change we made was that instead of hiring another data entry person we would require all programs to enter their own data into the collection software. This ended up being a failure that could have been huge had we not pulled reports the first two quarters of the year. What we found was some programs were right on target with getting their information entered with the first quarter. The Executive Director addressed this with staff. When the second quarter reports were pulled the data did not get any better. As an agency this failed due to program staff just did not have the appropriate time to take on more data entry. The agency ended up where we should have to start off, hiring another data entry staff member. I will say with this failure it actually turned into a very positive experience over all.
.
Midterm Lad Report 7
Midterm Lab Report
Introduction
Cellular respiration refers to all the metabolic processes and chemical reactions that take place in living organisms, particularly at the cellular level. These processes focus on the extraction of energy from nutrients. It is also responsible for converting the biochemical energy into 'adenosine triphosphate' (ATP) by the breakdown of sugars in the cells (Bennet 58). Cellular respiration is also responsible for the process by which cells release chemical energy required for conducting cellular activities. The reactions and processes facilitate the release of waste products from the cells. This experiment seeks to conduct a study of the processes and reactions involved during cellular respiration. The experiment will include several activities, such as having a study on the amount of Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment.
The number of levels of the growth of a yeast medium as a dependent variable will also be monitored during the experiment. There are other several independent variables associated with the experiment. These independent variables include sugar and temperature, among others, and their role in the experiment were also monitored. The experiment design involved the use of airtight balloons capped over reaction chambers that were used to collect the Carbon dioxide produced during the experiment. The reaction chambers contained sugars and yeast medium, which facilitated the reactions. Thermometers and pH scale were used to monitor the changes in temperature and acidity levels during the experiment. The paper involves a lab design that institute steps such as arranging the bottles used on the experiment. Notably, a proper arrangement to make sure that all the carbon dioxide released during the respiration process is well tapped in the bottles for correct lab results
Methodology
The actual procedure for experimenting involved taking measurements and recording of all observations made during the experiment. For accurate results, measures were taken three times, and a mean measurement was calculated and recorded. Winzler asserts that the mean obtained from the measurements should be used to calculate the standard deviation, which in turn facilitated the calculation of uncertainty (276). Below are the steps for conducting the experiment. It is essential to read the instructions carefully safety and accuracy during the experiment. Notably, all the lab and experiment results were well observed and thus making sure that there are limited errors in the whole process.
Consequently, all the steps required in the lab report were also clearly followed to help in getting the correct data and even not to affect the whole experiment process. The experiment involved setting the apparatus as per the set standard and the requirement. As per this concept, all the apparatus were set in a proper way to avoid vague results. Notably, to get the correct measurement and results, it is import.
MicroEssay Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe.docxjessiehampson
MicroEssay
Identify a behavioral tendency that you believe you have inherited (one that is determined, at least in part, by your genetic make-up). Explain the ways you think this trait has been affected by your environment by applying the different types of gene x environment correlations to your example (passive, evocative, and active)? What does this suggest about the nature-nurture debate?
.
MILNETVisionMILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse mili.docxjessiehampson
MILNET
Vision
MILNETs vision is to leverage the diverse military experience of Crawford employees to create awareness opportunities that help forester an appreciation, understand, and respect for the military culture and members we serve
Benefits
· Know our Members
· Support recruiting and retention
· Facilitate transition from military to Crawford
· Centralized source to connect with peer veterans
· Provide Member Experience, Marketing, and other Crawford initiatives and expert knowledge base.
MILNET Leadership Team (Volunteer position)
· Event & Volunteer Lead- Plan and execute mandatory enterprise events
· Technology Lead- Maintain MILNET budget throughout the year and reports overview or expenses monthly
· MILNET Spouse Lead- Ensures connect of sites are up to date/accurate, to include Veteran/Military Spouse Registration
· Secretary-Manages relationships by identifying opportunism for partnership
· Communications/Marketing Lead- Communicates to the MILNET community regularly via multiple channels (Email, Internal Social) regarding upcoming events, announcement, and other communications.
Background
Grandfather Air force
Parents- Army
Myself- Army
Spouse Army
Skills
Knowledgeable
Passionate
Qualified
Education
-Associates Accounting
-Bachelor’s in business and HR
-MRA w/ HR concentration
1 – Paragraph for each question (Professional answers)
Question 1- What is your visions of MILNET?
Question 2-How would your selection impact the Leadership Team?
.
midtermAnswer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half.docxjessiehampson
midterm
Answer all question with proper number atleast 1 and half page
APA FORMAT SIZE 12
1. Why is culture important to political scientists?
2. How is political science an interdisciplinary major?
3. How can politics be treated as a science?
4. Describe how modern liberalism differs from classical liberalism and explain how modern conservatism related to classical liberalism?
5. Explain how nationalism can be dangerous to a nation. Use both theoretical ideas and concrete examples to support your claims
6.
Evaluate the "end of ideology" argument by considering the facts that fit and contradict this view on today's world
7. What are the means by which power is institutionalized? What makes for good institutions? Provide examples from the United States and one other country
8. Identify the purposes of constitutions and explain why they are necessary
9. Describe how the principle of separation of powers is manifested in the U.S. Constitution and explain how this principle has evolved over time in the United States.
10. Bonus Question: What are the 10 Bill of Rights
.
Midterm QuestionIs the movement towards human security a true .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Question
Is the movement towards human security a true paradigm shift? In answering this question make sure to consider which of the authors whom you have read in Weeks one to four of the course support your view and which do not. *The sole use of attached readings is required for the midterm*
Midterm Assignment – Instructions (Read Carefully)
In university courses, assignments (or assessments) are meant to give students the opportunity to demonstrate what they have been learning in the course – and give instructors evidence that such learning is occurring within the classroom. Because of these objectives, it is imperative to incorporate the specifics of what you’ve been studying in the course into your writing assignments. You accomplish this by answering the Midterm question in the assessment via the course objectives and readings from the course. The midterm will cover the following objectives:
1. Describe the role of rapid globalization in changing perceptions of security
2. Identify key threats to human security (food security, personal security, environmental security)
3. Apply the concepts of human security
4. Compare and contrast traditional international relations approaches to security with the doctrine of human security.
Additional Instructions
To answer the Midterm question you will write an analytical essay. The analytical essay is a practical approach to solving a problem. So think of this essay question as you would an assignment from your boss: “I need you to take a look at this problem and solve it for me using things from your IR toolkit (what you have learned, or know). Present a well-written, concise answer to me in four pages. I need it by tomorrow morning.” This is how it happens in the real world, and this is what we want to prepare you to do. To achieve this structure of the essay please keep the following tips in mind:
1. Remember that the analytical essay is highly-structured. Each paragraph should look like the others in terms of style and substance. Writing to the limit of four pages is an art and something you need to learn to do. So, don’t write fewer than four pages and don’t write more. You may need to write over just a little and then edit away the extra parts of the essay to reach the concise four pages.
2. Review your submission and make sure that you have covered the requirements of the assignment using only material from the lessons and readings.
Format for the Essay:
1. Do not use a cover page. Instead, create a header with your name, assignment name, and date. To do this in Word, go to “insert” and then “header.” Do the same thing to insert a ‘footer’ and include page numbers. If you need help, use the ‘help’ function to learn more within Word.
2. Your submission should be four pages (no more, no less) and look like this:
a. Introduction: Introduce your topic & include a thesis. To help you set up your analytical essay include three reasons why you agree or disagree with the midterm quest.
MGT/526 v1
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational Analysis
MGT/526 v1
Page 2 of 2
Wk 2 – Apply: Organizational AnalysisInstructions
Complete the worksheet based on your chosen organization. Use Business Source Complete and your selected company’s website, annual report, and other available sources. Part 1: Organization Information
Organization
Define your chosen company and its industry.
Mission and Vision
Identify the mission and vision of the organization.
Mission
Vision
Organizational Initiatives
Outline 1-2 major initiative for this organization. What are they currently doing to support these initiatives?
Organizational Plans
Describe the plans employed by the organization. Determine which types of managers create each type of plan.
Type of Plan
Description
Type of Manager
SWOT Analysis
There are various factors within the external environment of an organization that impacts its strategy.
Analyze the organization’s SWOT analysis. Identify the internal and external factors. Include a link to the SWOT analysis in the Reference section of this worksheet.
Internal Factors
External Factors
Part 2: Evaluation
Evaluate if the mission, vision, planning process, and SWOT analysis meets the current needs of the organization. Include the following in your evaluation:
· Describe the unmet need, (not limited to product or service, can be new demographic, new mode of delivery, etc.).
· Analyze your competitive advantages.
· Based upon the SWOT analysis, is there another business that is doing something similar that can be referred to? Provide examples.
· If there is not another business, describe how what you’re doing is a unique product or service offering.
· Propose a competitive business initiative to address the unmet need.
· Create a high-level timeline and operational steps necessary to implement your solution. References
Include a link to theSWOT analysis.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2020 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
COUN 6785: Social Change in Action:
Prevention, Consultation, and Advocacy
Social Change Portfolio
M. Negrón
Contents
Introduction
Scope and Consequences
Social-ecological Model
Theories of Prevention
Diversity and Ethical Considerations
Advocacy
INTRODUCTIONAdressing Teen Pregnancy in Pittsburg, California
In more recent years, there has been an effort in my community to address teen pregnancy due to its growing rates. Over the years teen pregnancy rates have continued to rise in Contra Costa County as well as surrounding counties. Unfortanately, the town I come from is a small town within Contra Costa County so resources are limited. In order to address teen pregnancy there needs to be easier access to resources to prevent teen pregnancy from occurring. Teen pregnancy can lead to a number of different problems such as low socioeconomic status, greater chance of contracting a sexually transmitted infec.
Microsoft Word Editing Version 1.0Software Requirement Speci.docxjessiehampson
Microsoft Word Editing
Version: 1.0
Software Requirement Specification
Date: 7/3/2020
YLLC-001
Yohammed LLCSoftware Requirements SpecificationFor Microsoft WORD
Version 2016
Revision History
Date
Version
Description
Author
7/3/2020
1.0
Initial document
Mohammed Allibalogun
10/3/2020
1.0.1
Revise documentation of Initial document
Mohammed Allibalogun
Table of Contents
Contents
1. Introduction 5
1.1 Purpose 5
1.2 Scope 5
1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations 5
1.4 References 5
1.5 Overview 6
2. Overall Description 6
2.1 Use-Case Model Survey 6
2.1.1 Sign in 6
2.1.2 Open 6
2.1.3 New 7
2.1.4 Save 7
2.1.5 Save As 7
2.1.6 Export 7
2.1.7 Print 7
2.1.8 Change Font 7
2.1.9 Use case Diagram: 7
2.2 Assumptions and Dependencies 7
3. Specific Requirements 7
3.1 Use-Case Reports 8
3.1.1 Sign in 8
3.1.2 Open: 9
3.1.3 New: 10
3.1.4 Save: 11
3.1.5 Save As: 12
3.1.6 Export: 13
3.1.7 Print: 14
3.1.8 Change Font: 15
3.2 Supplementary Requirements 16
3.2.1 Performance: 16
3.2.2 Usability: 16
3.2.3 Supportability: 16
3.2.4 Configurability: 16
3.2.5 Recoverability: 16
Software Requirements SpecificationIntroduction
Microsoft Word is a word processor created by Microsoft. It was first discharged on October 25, 1983, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix frameworks. Microsoft Word 2016 was released in the year 2016. The Microsoft Word application location was made to facilitate its users in ways where they could document things, save them on their hard drives or online, and even print them. With a wide range of scopes, any type of document such as assignments, reports, proposals, brochures, memorandums, etc. can be made on created through MS Word. When the file is saved, a .docx extension file is made and saved on the system. Even though MS Word is a very helpful application location, it still has its drawbacks. One of them is due to the presence of too many options. A novice user may feel overwhelmed with the number of features that can be executed through this software.Purpose
The purpose of the Microsoft Word application location is to document i.e. write any type of document such as assignments, quizzes, reports, etc. This does not mean that you can only write something on the word. You can also use tools to make your document look better such as using different layouts, different shapes, adding pictures and tables, etc. Thus, word lets you make a document and edit it. There are no critical bugs and the defect rate of MS Word is zero. The learning time for an average user is 30 to 60 minutes. Scope
The project aims to efficiently document your need for both, your professional or personal life. The focus of this application location is to provide help for the user to inscribe a document in a multitude of formats. This will provide more options and facilitate the user with different modules so the document can always look professional. Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
Following are the abbreviations in t.
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organiz.docxjessiehampson
Microsoft Windows implements access controls by allowing organizations to define users, groups, and object DACLs that support their environment. Organizations define the rules, and Windows enables those rules to be enforced.
Answer the following question(s):
Do you think access controls are implemented differently in a government agency versus a typical information technology company? Why or why not?
2. Do you think access controls differ among private industries, such as retail, banking, and manufacturing? Why or why not?
.
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
Exceeds
Expectation
Meets Expectation Below Expectation Limited Evidence
Content, Research, and Analysis
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Requirements Exceeds
Expectation -
Includes all of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Meets Expectation-
Includes most of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Below Expectation-
Includes some of
the required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
Limited Evidence -
Includes few of the
required
components as
specified in the
assignment.
21-25 Points 16-20 Points 11-15 Points 6-10 Points
Content Exceeds
Expectation -
Demonstrates
substantial and
extensive
knowledge of the
materials, with no
errors or major
omissions.
Meets Expectation-
Demonstrates
adequate
knowledge of the
materials; may
include some
minor errors or
omissions.
Below Expectation-
Demonstrates fair
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes some
major errors or
omissions.
Limited Evidence -
Fails to
demonstrate
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes many
major errors or
omissions.
25-30 Points 19-24 Points 13-18 Points 7-12 Points
Analysis Exceeds
Expectation -
Provides strong
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Meets Expectation-
Provides adequate
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Below Expectation-
Provides poor
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
Limited Evidence -
Provides little or no
thought, insight,
and analysis of
performance
management
system, concepts
and applications.
13-15 Points 10-12 Points 7-9 Points 4-6 Points
Sources Exceeds
Expectation -
Sources go above
and beyond
required criteria,
and are well
chosen to provide
effective
substance and
perspectives on
the issue under
examination.
Meets Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria
and are adequately
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Below Expectation-
Sources meet
required criteria,
but are poorly
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Limited Evidence -
Source selection
and integration of
knowledge from
the course is
clearly deficient.
Mechanics and Writing
5 Points 4 Points 3 Points 1-2 Points
Demonstrates Exceeds Meets Expectation- Below Expectation- Limited Evidence -
MGT520
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric - Module 10
college-level
proficiency in
organization,
grammar and
style.
Expectation -
Project is clearly
organized, well
written, and in
proper format as
outlined in the
assignment. Strong
sentence and
paragraph
structure; contains
no errors in
grammar, spelling,
APA style, or APA
citations and
references..
Midterm PaperThe Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will .docxjessiehampson
Midterm Paper
The Midterm Paper is worth 100 points. It will consist of a 500 word written description and analysis of a work of art using terminology from Chapters 2-5.
For this assignment, you are to discuss the form, content, and subject matter of a work of art chosen from the list provided. This is an exercise in recognizing visual elements and principles of design in works of art and demonstrating an understanding of how they relate to each other to create meaning. This paper is about looking and seeing. This is not a research paper; you will not need to do additional research. Please follow the outline provided below.
First: Select a work of art
Select one of the following listed works of art:
Circle of Diego Quispe Tito.
The Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory
. Late 17th century. Fig. 1.22, pg. 17.
Henri Matisse.
Large Reclining Nude
. 1935. Fig. 4.24, pg. 85.
Faith Ringgold.
Tar Beach
. 1988. Fig. 13.18, pg. 219.
Henry Ossawa Tanner.
The Banjo Lesson
. 1893. Fig. 21.15, pg. 373
Andy Warhol.
Marilyn Diptych
. 1962. Fig. 24.23, pg. 447.
Format
Describe the use of each visual element and principle of design in the order they are listed in the outline. You can simply list each term and address how it is used in the painting. If you write in paragraph form be sure to identify each term clearly. Any term not addressed will receive 0 points. Provide specific examples. For example, don’t just say “there are lines,” give specific examples of how line is used in the piece you’ve selected.
Papers should be 500 words minimum (not including images), double-spaced, 10 or 12 point, with 1" margins. The preferred format is Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). If these formats are not available, other acceptable formats are ASCII (.txt), rich text format (.rtf), Open Office (.odt), and PDF. Make sure you proofread your papers for incorrect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other errors.
The Midterm Paper is due at 11:59 pm CT Sunday of Week 4.
Midterm Paper Outline
Introduction (First Paragraph)
In the first paragraph, called the introduction, you will include:
An identification of the work of art you selected: The name of the artist, title (which is underlined or italicized every time you use the title in your paper), date, and medium.
Your initial interpretation of the subject based on your initial observations.
Description
Describe how each of the following is used in the piece you selected.
Visual Elements
:
Line: what types of lines do you see in the piece? Provide examples.
Shape: what types of shapes do you see? Provide examples.
Mass: How is mass implied?
Space: How is the illusion of space created in the piece?
Time and Motion: Are time and motion evident in tis piece? How so?
Light: How is light used here?
Color: How does the artist use color?
Texture: How does the artist create the illusion of texture, or incorporate actual texture
Principles of Design
Unity and Variety: In what way is this pi.
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in parti.docxjessiehampson
Miami Florida is considered ground zero for climate change, in particular rising seas will not only drown coastal sections of the city but will disrupt our local supply of drinking water.
Based on what you have learned so far from this class, discuss the following:
Explain where the drinking water from South Florida primarily comes from and why would rising sea levels disrupt this supply?
What efforts can be made and are being made to mitigate the effects of rising seas on our drinking water?
If you were a local politician, what advice would you give to state and federal officials on the best way to ensure residents in South Florida had a steady supply of drinking water for many years to come?
.
MGT230 v6Nordstrom Case Study AnalysisMGT230 v6Page 2 of 2.docxjessiehampson
MGT/230 v6
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
MGT/230 v6
Page 2 of 2
Nordstrom Case Study Analysis
Nordstrom—“High Touch” with “High Tech”
How does Nordstrom stay profitable despite dips in consumer spending, changing fashion trends, and intense competition among retailers? One answer: Acute attention to detail and well-laid plans.
All in the Family
The fourth generation of family members that runs Nordstrom has brought the store’s time-honored and successful retail practices into a new era. “Nordstrom, it seems, is that rarity in American business: an enterprise run by a founding family that hasn’t wrecked it,” says one business writer. The company provides a quality customer experience via personalized service, a compelling merchandise offering, a pleasant shopping environment, and increasingly better management of its inventory.
Secret of Success
The secret of this company’s success lies in its strategic planning efforts and the ability of its management team to set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions, all of which are focused on the customer experience. The current generation of Nordstrom family members was quick to spearhead an ultramodern multimillion-dollar, Web-based inventory management system. This upgrade helped the company meet two key goals: (1) correlate purchasing with demand to keep inventory as lean as possible, and (2) give customers and sales associates a comprehensive view of Nordstrom’s entire inventory, including every store and warehouse.
Demand Planning
Instead of relying on one-day sales, coupon blitzes, or marking down entire lines of product, Nordstrom discounts only certain items. “Markdown optimization” software assists in planning more profitable sale prices. According to retail analyst, Patricia Edwards, this helps Nordstrom calculate what will sell better at different discounts and forecast which single items should be marked down. If a style is no longer in demand, the company can ship it off to its Nordstrom Rack outlet stores. It’s all part of Nordstrom’s long-term investment in efficiency. “If we can identify what is not performing and move it out to bring in fresh merchandise,” says Pete Nordstrom, “that’s a decision we want to make.”
Inventory Planning
Although inventory naturally fluctuates, Nordstrom associates can easily locate any item in another store or verify when it will return to stock. Customers on their smart phones and associates behind sales counters see the same thing—the entire inventory of Nordstrom’s stores is presented as one selection, which the company refers to as perpetual inventory. “Customer service is not just a friendly, helpful, knowledgeable salesperson helping you buy something,” says Robert Spector, retail expert and author of The Nordstrom Way. “Part of customer service is having the right item at the right size at the right price at the right time. And that’s something perpetual inventory will help with.”
The upgraded inventory management system was an .
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
WAL_CRJS4402_05_A_EN-CC.mp4How to Write an Outreach Gran.docx
1. WAL_CRJS4402_05_A_EN-CC.mp4
How to Write an Outreach Grant
Proposal
By Karen M. Markin SEPTEMBER 15, 2006
Plenty of advice is available for scientists seeking research
grants. But what if you are
looking for money to create an after-school science program or
a training session for
nurses who work with an increasingly elderly population?
Writing a grant for community or "outreach" activities is
different from writing a
research grant. In a scientific grant proposal, it is understood
that researchers are
exploring new realms and cannot know exactly what they will
encounter. That's the
definition of basic science, and delving into the unknown is
what makes it exciting.
In contrast, an outreach grant proposal represents a road map
for a project in which
the applicants know where they are going and how to get there,
2. and anticipates bumps
in the road.
Foundations and agencies that support outreach programs want
to see their money
make a difference. While the full significance of a physicist's
new findings in
nonlinear dynamics may not be recognized for years, an
outreach program is expected
to show results -- here and now. That could mean higher test
scores for students or
increased fitness among the elderly. Whatever the target, you
must provide evidence
that your approach can succeed.
Don't assume that outreach grants are limited to human
activities. For example, the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
provides money for coral-
reef conservation projects as well as efforts to remove marine
debris such as derelict
boats and abandoned crab pots. So faculty members from many
disciplines have the
opportunity to seek grants for community activities.
If you are seeking money for such activities, it helps to know a
3. little grant lingo when
you search in databases or in directories. Under "award type" or
"type of support,"
select "service delivery," "program development,"
"demonstration program" or
"outreach."
In writing grant proposals, scientists are familiar with a format
that includes the
project's significance with respect to existing knowledge, its
objectives, perhaps some
preliminary data, and a research-design and methods section. A
proposal for an
outreach project is similar but uses different terminology for the
sections. It includes
five basic components: a description of the problem you want to
deal with, what you
hope to achieve by tackling the problem, how you will approach
the problem, who
will be in charge of which activities, and how you will measure
your success.
Showing the Problem
Establishing the need for the work you propose is an essential
4. first step. While a
scientific-research project usually doesn't have to identify
practical applications for
the work, an outreach proposal must show the existence of a
problem that needs to be
remedied. A strong "statement of need," as it is sometimes
called in the application,
lists specific problems and supports those claims with
documentation. It is akin to the
significance section of a research proposal. The U.S.
Department of Education's Web
site provides several examples of successful proposals that
include detailed need
statements.
For example, a proposal for a new physical-education program
for a school district
documented the old and scarce equipment. There aren't enough
soccer balls, so teams
had to wait their turn to play. But idle time is not good for those
students, because
many are obese and do not meet basic fitness standards for
children their age. The
school district sought money for new sports equipment for
activities that would appeal
5. to more students, such as tennis, strength training, and aerobics.
In a proposal for a community technology center, the applicant
showed the need for
the facility by reporting the high poverty level of the
surrounding area, along with the
low standardized test scores in the schools. That was supported
by national statistics
showing less computer ownership among lower-income families.
Goals and Objectives
The terms "goals" and "objectives" may seem interchangeable,
but there is an
important distinction between them in a grant proposal,
particularly in a results-
oriented outreach grant.
A goal is the situation you want to achieve in the long run.
World peace is an example
of a lofty goal. But no one will give you money to pursue world
peace. Instead, you
must identify some concrete results you can achieve during the
grant period that will
take the world a few steps closer to that ideal.
First, you need to set a more realistic goal, such as reducing
6. violent behavior in a
particular school roiled by student fighting. Then think of
measurable ways to
document a decline in violent behavior. Those are your
objectives. They might
include reducing the number of referrals to juvenile authorities,
times the school nurse
has to treat fight-related wounds, and detentions issued as a
result of fights.
The use of measurable outcomes is increasingly important as
federal agencies face
pressure to show they are putting taxpayer dollars to good use.
But be realistic about
what you promise to achieve in the project. Reviewers won't be
fooled by exaggerated
claims. They will accept that you can decrease the number of
black eyes at the school;
they won't believe that the students will be singing "Kumbaya"
at the end of the grant.
The Road Map
The next component common to outreach grants is a work plan.
That is a detailed
7. description of the activities that will lead you to your goals and
objectives. It is similar
to the methods section of a scientific-research proposal but
more detailed with regard
to what you will do and when. In a scientific proposal, you need
not explain each
standard laboratory technique in detail. But an outreach grant
often involves
describing unique and innovative activities.
The agency will also want to know why your proposed activities
are worth the risk of
investment. Use evidence to make a strong case. Perhaps the
scholarly literature
supports your belief that your approach will succeed. Or
perhaps others have used
similar methods with good results. Mention those, and describe
how you are
modifying the approach to fit the unique needs of your
situation.
A realistic timetable for completing the proposed work during
the grant period is
another must for this type of project. Prepare a calendar that
shows when you will
perform the proposed activities. Focus on major
8. accomplishments, or milestones, as
they are sometimes called in the application. If it's a multiyear
grant, it is acceptable to
be less specific about activities that will occur late in the grant
period. In fact, your
proposal will be stronger if you can show that you will learn as
you go along and
adjust program activities accordingly. That is called "formative
evaluation" in
education-related grants.
Organization and Management
Who will do the recruiting and training? Who will reserve the
space? Those questions
need to be answered in a section usually called the management
plan. Here again, you
will need to provide more detail about the project leadership
than you would in a
scientific proposal.
Work in a laboratory follows standard procedures, with the
investigator, postdocs,
graduate students, and undergraduates playing well-defined
roles. In contrast, each
outreach project has its own team with its own plan of action. If
9. you are not clear
about who is responsible for what, some tasks may never get
done.
If you are writing your plan of activities using the passive
voice, it's a signal that you
are failing to assign responsibility for some tasks. For example,
if you say, "Workshop
facilitators will be trained in the first month of the project," it
is unclear who will do
the training. Reviewers will notice that and ding you for it.
You may be asked to provide charts as a way to expand on the
information in your
management plan. There are a couple of ways to document the
organization and
management of your project. One way is to create a bar-chart-
style timeline. On the
vertical axis, list the tasks that need to be performed. On the
horizontal axis, list each
month of the grant period, and indicate the months in which
each task will be done.
You can also include on the horizontal axis a column that shows
who will be
10. responsible for each task.
Another way to illustrate management of your project is with an
organizational chart,
showing who reports to whom. Accompany the chart with
descriptions of the job
responsibilities of each position. Your application instructions
will indicate which of
those charts, if any, is sought.
In addition, the agency will want evidence that key personnel
have the qualifications
for their roles in the project. That may involve summaries of
their backgrounds or
résumés included in an appendix. Avoid attaching long CV's and
instead focus on
citing the work experience of participants that is most relevant
to the project.
For example, if a biology professor will be presenting an after-
school program to
elementary school children to get them interested in science,
don't provide an
exhaustive list of that person's publications about the role of
nitrogen in the growth of
sea lettuce. Briefly establish the professor's scholarly
credentials, and then emphasize
11. his or her relevant activities, such as involvement in a highly
successful summer
science camp or some other work with school-age children.
Evaluation: The Measure of Success
Outreach grants are about results. Careers of individual program
officers as well as
future support for a given program can depend on how well
current grantees perform.
Most likely you will be asked to include an evaluation plan in
your proposal so you
can document whether you have been successful.
Evaluation conducted at the end of a project is called
"summative evaluation" in
education-related grants. Demonstrate your success by showing
your achievement of
the measurable objectives listed at the beginning of the
proposal. One way to
document performance is by quantifying things you can
quantify, such as services and
participants. In our example about the violent school, we could
set a target of serving
12. 25 students through biweekly workshops of 90 minutes each. If
we want to reduce
referrals to juvenile authorities, we need to know how often
they occurred before the
outreach project. Then we need to remember to tally them again
after the project. You
need to be thinking about evaluation while you are planning
your project activities,
not after.
If that is unfamiliar territory for you, consider hiring someone
else to design and
conduct the evaluation. Experts in evaluation can be found in
schools of education as
well as in social-science departments. They will often prepare
an evaluation plan for
your proposal at no charge, provided you write them into the
budget to perform the
work if the project wins a grant. It's best to involve that person
in the project planning
so that valid measurements can be developed alongside program
activities. If you try
to retrofit the measures, you may have a harder time illustrating
success.