International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Numerical Investigation on Performance of VCR System using Shell and Tu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses numerically investigating the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system using different types of heat exchangers. It aims to replace an existing double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) with a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) to improve efficiency. CFD analysis is conducted on both heat exchangers to compare their coefficient of performance (COP). The DPHE currently used has low efficiency, so a STHE is proposed as it has higher efficiency and requires less area. Helical baffles within the STHE may provide further improvements.
A Survey On Heat Transfer Of Air Cooled Internal Combustion Engine Various Fi...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses heat transfer in air-cooled internal combustion engines. It focuses on improving heat transfer rates through the cooling fins on cylinder blocks.
2) Various fin geometries and materials have been studied through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Triangular, elliptical, and perforated fins have shown improvements over traditional rectangular fins.
3) Key factors that affect heat transfer include fin geometry, number of fins, fin pitch, material properties, ambient conditions, and airflow velocity. Optimizing these parameters can enhance an engine's cooling ability while reducing overall weight.
A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan and Exhaust Fan Being ...ijtsrd
Now a days with the changing of climatic condition and rise of temperature globally becoming a challenging phase to human survival and achieving an human comfort at lesser cost is also challenging where world are facing energy crisis also. Comfort related to making up of room air which includes treatment of air temperature by mixing it, humidity and air velocity. Installation of air conditioning or use of such devices are costlier and not possible to have everyone while other devices like fans and exhaust fan are sufficient to make up room air by analyzing thermal study and flow pattern of inlet and outgoing air at cheaper cost. In this work already exiting designed room space is analyzing by considering variables like room size, air flow pattern, wind velocity, room heat load of electric equipment, Almeria and stationary item are included. In this work analysis is done to evaluate the heat transfer co efficient of room air and target is to achieve human comfort by proper selection of ventilated air location and air flow direction. With the development of Numerical simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD technique it is possible to investigate thermal comfort and indoor air quality for room space using Ansys for Fluid Fluent. Since the CFD used approximations, it was necessary to validate the CFD program before it was used as a tool of study. Actually this is a case study of HOD cabin during electric load Energy Audit evaluation of entire academic infrastructure at NRI college and intention was to make the entire mechanical engineering department floor comfort space at cheaper cost. It is also a part to validate the urgent requirement of A C to our institutional management to provide given quotation based on evaluated data. Jitendra Kumar | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan & Exhaust Fan Being Used" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43649.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43649/a-review-of-case-study-of-room-comfort-analysis-if-fan-and-exhaust-fan-being-used/jitendra-kumar
IRJET- Experimental Study on Winsum ClimatisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on a new air conditioning system called WINSUM CLIMATISATION. The system aims to provide comfortable indoor air conditioning while using less electricity than traditional air conditioners. It works by using an evaporating unit to cool air through evaporation and a heat exchanger to transfer the cooling effect. Fans are used to force convection over the heat exchanger pipes to deliver cooled, dehumidified air in summer. A heating element can also be switched on to provide warm air in winter. The experimental setup and procedure are described. Results show the system uses less power than air conditioners and provides moisture-less cooled air in summer and warm air in winter, making it a more affordable
The document describes an experimental and numerical study to enhance heat transfer on a heat exchanger using an air flow with water droplets and Al2O3/water nanofluid. The study used a test rig with an instrumented air duct to inject water droplets via nozzles toward a finned tube heat exchanger. Experiments tested different nozzle types, droplet locations, air/water flow rates and temperatures. Numerical analysis using ANSYS FLUENT modeled the governing equations to study parameter effects. Results showed maximum heat transfer enhancement of 45% occurred at a 2% nanofluid concentration with sprayed air, agreeing within 11% of experimental data.
Modeling and Fluid Flow Analysis of Wavy Fin Based Automotive RadiatorIJERA Editor
In continuous technological development, an automotive industry has increased the demand for high efficiency engines. A high efficiency engines in not only based on its performance but also for better fuel economy and less emission rate. Radiator is one of the important parts of the internal combustion engine cooling system. The manufacturing cost of the radiator is 20 percent of the whole cost of the engine. So improving the performance and reducing cost of radiators are necessary research. For higher cooling capacity of radiator, addition of fins is one of the approaches to increase the cooling rate of the radiator. In addition, heat transfer fluids at air and fluid side such as water and ethylene glycol exhibit very low thermal conductivity. As a result there is a need for new and innovative heat transfer fluids, known as “Nano fluid” for improving heat transfer rate in an automotive radiator. Recently there have been considerable research findings highlighting superior heat transfer performances of nanofluids about 15-25% of heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by using types of nanofluids. With these specific characteristics, the size and weight of an automotive car radiator can be reduced without affecting its heat transfer performance. An automotive radiator (Wavy fin type) model is modeled on modeling software CATIA V5 and performance evaluation is done on pre-processing software ANSYS 14.0. The temperature and velocity distribution of coolant and air are analyzed by using Computational fluid dynamics environment software CFX. Results have shown that the rate of heat transfer is better when nano fluid (Si C + water) is used as coolant, than the conventional coolant.
An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes...IJERA Editor
The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE WET...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the room condition will be fixed 25℃ dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity.
IRJET-Numerical Investigation on Performance of VCR System using Shell and Tu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses numerically investigating the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system using different types of heat exchangers. It aims to replace an existing double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) with a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) to improve efficiency. CFD analysis is conducted on both heat exchangers to compare their coefficient of performance (COP). The DPHE currently used has low efficiency, so a STHE is proposed as it has higher efficiency and requires less area. Helical baffles within the STHE may provide further improvements.
A Survey On Heat Transfer Of Air Cooled Internal Combustion Engine Various Fi...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses heat transfer in air-cooled internal combustion engines. It focuses on improving heat transfer rates through the cooling fins on cylinder blocks.
2) Various fin geometries and materials have been studied through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Triangular, elliptical, and perforated fins have shown improvements over traditional rectangular fins.
3) Key factors that affect heat transfer include fin geometry, number of fins, fin pitch, material properties, ambient conditions, and airflow velocity. Optimizing these parameters can enhance an engine's cooling ability while reducing overall weight.
A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan and Exhaust Fan Being ...ijtsrd
Now a days with the changing of climatic condition and rise of temperature globally becoming a challenging phase to human survival and achieving an human comfort at lesser cost is also challenging where world are facing energy crisis also. Comfort related to making up of room air which includes treatment of air temperature by mixing it, humidity and air velocity. Installation of air conditioning or use of such devices are costlier and not possible to have everyone while other devices like fans and exhaust fan are sufficient to make up room air by analyzing thermal study and flow pattern of inlet and outgoing air at cheaper cost. In this work already exiting designed room space is analyzing by considering variables like room size, air flow pattern, wind velocity, room heat load of electric equipment, Almeria and stationary item are included. In this work analysis is done to evaluate the heat transfer co efficient of room air and target is to achieve human comfort by proper selection of ventilated air location and air flow direction. With the development of Numerical simulations using a Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD technique it is possible to investigate thermal comfort and indoor air quality for room space using Ansys for Fluid Fluent. Since the CFD used approximations, it was necessary to validate the CFD program before it was used as a tool of study. Actually this is a case study of HOD cabin during electric load Energy Audit evaluation of entire academic infrastructure at NRI college and intention was to make the entire mechanical engineering department floor comfort space at cheaper cost. It is also a part to validate the urgent requirement of A C to our institutional management to provide given quotation based on evaluated data. Jitendra Kumar | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review of Case Study of Room Comfort Analysis if Fan & Exhaust Fan Being Used" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43649.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43649/a-review-of-case-study-of-room-comfort-analysis-if-fan-and-exhaust-fan-being-used/jitendra-kumar
IRJET- Experimental Study on Winsum ClimatisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on a new air conditioning system called WINSUM CLIMATISATION. The system aims to provide comfortable indoor air conditioning while using less electricity than traditional air conditioners. It works by using an evaporating unit to cool air through evaporation and a heat exchanger to transfer the cooling effect. Fans are used to force convection over the heat exchanger pipes to deliver cooled, dehumidified air in summer. A heating element can also be switched on to provide warm air in winter. The experimental setup and procedure are described. Results show the system uses less power than air conditioners and provides moisture-less cooled air in summer and warm air in winter, making it a more affordable
The document describes an experimental and numerical study to enhance heat transfer on a heat exchanger using an air flow with water droplets and Al2O3/water nanofluid. The study used a test rig with an instrumented air duct to inject water droplets via nozzles toward a finned tube heat exchanger. Experiments tested different nozzle types, droplet locations, air/water flow rates and temperatures. Numerical analysis using ANSYS FLUENT modeled the governing equations to study parameter effects. Results showed maximum heat transfer enhancement of 45% occurred at a 2% nanofluid concentration with sprayed air, agreeing within 11% of experimental data.
Modeling and Fluid Flow Analysis of Wavy Fin Based Automotive RadiatorIJERA Editor
In continuous technological development, an automotive industry has increased the demand for high efficiency engines. A high efficiency engines in not only based on its performance but also for better fuel economy and less emission rate. Radiator is one of the important parts of the internal combustion engine cooling system. The manufacturing cost of the radiator is 20 percent of the whole cost of the engine. So improving the performance and reducing cost of radiators are necessary research. For higher cooling capacity of radiator, addition of fins is one of the approaches to increase the cooling rate of the radiator. In addition, heat transfer fluids at air and fluid side such as water and ethylene glycol exhibit very low thermal conductivity. As a result there is a need for new and innovative heat transfer fluids, known as “Nano fluid” for improving heat transfer rate in an automotive radiator. Recently there have been considerable research findings highlighting superior heat transfer performances of nanofluids about 15-25% of heat transfer enhancement can be achieved by using types of nanofluids. With these specific characteristics, the size and weight of an automotive car radiator can be reduced without affecting its heat transfer performance. An automotive radiator (Wavy fin type) model is modeled on modeling software CATIA V5 and performance evaluation is done on pre-processing software ANSYS 14.0. The temperature and velocity distribution of coolant and air are analyzed by using Computational fluid dynamics environment software CFX. Results have shown that the rate of heat transfer is better when nano fluid (Si C + water) is used as coolant, than the conventional coolant.
An Investigative and Concise Review on Evaporation and Condensation Processes...IJERA Editor
The vapour adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. The towering fossil fuel price and the responsiveness of environmental problems offer many potential applications to thermal powered adsorption cooling. However, the adsorption cooling machines still have some disadvantages that hinder their wide application. The patents surveyed are classified into four main groups: adsorption system development, adsorbent bed innovation, adsorbent/adsorbate material development and novel application of adsorption cooling system. The adsorption refrigeration is based on the evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant combined with adsorption or chemical reaction. Important targets are to reach a high efficiency through optimization measures at various components and the control system. On the other hand measures are to verify to simplify the construction with regard to a low-cost manufacturing, as well as to reach long periods with maintenance-free operation. This review paper gives a comprehensive review on the work carried out on vapour adsorption refrigeration for cryogenic applications.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE WET...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the room condition will be fixed 25℃ dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity.
This document describes a student project that aims to experimentally analyze heat transfer enhancement using different types of inserts. It will investigate various factors that influence heat transfer for each insert type across a range of Reynolds numbers. The project will also compare experimental and software analysis results for different inserts. Heat transfer can be enhanced through passive surface and flow manipulation techniques that interrupt the boundary layer, create swirl flow, or modify the flow path. Enhanced heat transfer allows for more compact and efficient heat exchanger design.
IRJET- Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Spiral FlowIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on heat exchangers with parallel and counter flow configurations. It discusses how performance varies based on fluid properties and operating conditions. The document also outlines the experimental setup and procedure used to study a double pipe heat exchanger with a spiral inner tube. Tests were conducted with both parallel and counter flow arrangements to compare performance under different flow rates and inlet temperatures. Key findings from previous research on factors affecting heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness are also summarized.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Plate Fin Heat Sink with Pin Fins of Vario...ijtsrd
In recent decades, attempts have been made to create more advanced effective cooling technology for electronic and microelectronic devices, but heat dissipation is still a major challenge for increasing the cooling performance of heat sinks in a highly competitive electronics market. In the present analysis, the research is designing a new thermal design for plate fin heat sinks with hexagonal pin fin connected to the plate fins. A theoretical analysis focused on publicly usable computational fluid dynamics CFD codes has been performed to test the thermal efficiency of the proposed designs. Modelling done using ANSYS 14.5 and meshing has done using ICEM CFD software, simulations has done by using CFD FLUENT software. In specific, in terms of their thermal performance, hexagonal pin fin connected to the plate fins subject to flow have been contrasted. The plate fin heat sink was made of Aluminium and an electrical heaters provide a heat of 10W constantly to warm up a plate plate fin heat sink with hexagonal pin fin subject to flow of air at variable values i.e. 6.5, 9.5, and 2.5 m s .Based on the results, the analysis has shown that the plate fin heat sinks demonstrate superior thermal performance with hexagonal 3 pin fin subject to flow. The Nusselt number is approximately 1.32 times higher than the conventional plate fin heat sink without pin fin and 1.13 times higher than plate fin heat sink with elliptical 3 pin fin. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Prashant Kumar Pandey "Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Plate Fin Heat Sink with Pin Fins of Various Profile using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33375.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33375/heat-transfer-characteristics-of-a-plate-fin-heat-sink-with-pin-fins-of-various-profile-using-cfd/prof-pushparaj-singh
Simulation Based Interpretation and Recent Trends on Performance Analysis on ...ijtsrd
The heat transfer system is of great importance in many commercial and domestic applications. Likewise, IC engine always maintained at the working temperature for good ex. The improper generation distribution of temperature affects the performance and reduces the efficiency of the engine hence to the vehicle automobile. The performance of automobile Radiators can be substantially improved by a number of augmentation techniques. Heat transfer can be increased by active and passive flow control techniques or either with the incorporation of Nanofluids. As in order to remove the excess temperature, we need some cooling system in the automobile. The cooling system can be of two types Air and Water cooling system. Air cooling system is generally used in two wheelers and airplanes. The air directly takes the heat from the surface of the engine through the fins available on them. In the water cooling system, a water jacket is provided around the engine which carries the heat of the engine and releases this heat to the atmosphere with the help of a component called a radiator. The radiator basically consists of the upper tank, lower tank, tubes, fins, thermostat, the inlet port and outlet port, pressure cap. In the present work, Simulation Based Interpretation and Performance Analysis on Automobile Radiator through NanoParticle Fluids on modeled setup will be done trying to incorporate the condition of the automobile by using Nanoparticle fluids of Al2O3 and CuO. Water will also be taken to compare the performance of the Nanofluids. Results of numerous experimental and Ansys CFD solvers will be illustrated. Krishna Dutta Pandey | Shailendra Tiwari | Kundan Gupta "Simulation Based Interpretation and Recent Trends on Performance Analysis on Automobile Radiator through Nano Particle Fluids" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38592.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/38592/simulation-based-interpretation-and-recent-trends-on-performance-analysis-on-automobile-radiator-through-nano-particle-fluids/krishna-dutta-pandey
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger with different baffle inclinations. The study aims to determine the optimal baffle inclination angle and mass flow rate. It analyzes heat transfer characteristics for baffle inclinations of 0, 10 and 20 degrees. The results indicate that a helical baffle configuration forces fluid rotation, increasing heat transfer rates and coefficients more than a segmental baffle design. Overall, the CFD simulation allows determination of outlet temperatures, pressure drops, and optimal design parameters for improved heat exchanger performance.
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION IN STEEL QUENCHING BY SPRAY IMPINGEMENT COOLING ME...BIBHUTI BHUSAN SAMANTARAY
The present article discusses the experimental results on heat transfer characteristics of spray impingement cooling of a stationary steel plate. The eexperimental setup consisted of an electrically heated flat stationary steel plate of dimension 120 mm x 120 mm x 4 mm, spray setup, water supply and air supply unit. The effects of various controlling parameters such as air-water pressures, water flow rate, nozzle tip to target distance and impingement density were determined and analysed. The cooling rates were computed from the time dependent temperature history and used to analyse the parametric effects. The results obtained in the study confirmed the higher efficiency of the spray cooling system and the cooling strategy was found advantageous over the conventional cooling methods available in the open literature.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of fluid flow rate on the performance of a parallel flow plate heat exchanger. The study was conducted using a plate heat exchanger with water as the working fluid stationed at Landmark University. Experimental results including temperature distribution, flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and Nusselt numbers were analyzed to determine the heat exchanger's thermal performance measures like overall heat transfer coefficient. The researchers found that increasing the hot fluid's flow rate more quickly than the cold fluid increases efficiency. Heat transfer coefficient also increases with Reynolds and Nusselt numbers, indicating more turbulent flow and higher heat transfer rates. Future work could involve computational modeling to determine temperature distributions and investigate a counter-current flow arrangement
Optimization of Process Parameters of Direct Evaporative Cooling using Khus M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that used the Taguchi method to optimize the operating parameters of a direct evaporative cooling system that uses Khus (Vetiver) as the cooling pad material. The researchers investigated two parameters - air velocity and water flow rate. They conducted experiments using an L9 orthogonal array with three levels for each parameter. The response analyzed was the relative humidity achieved. Their results found that an air velocity of 1.0 m/s and water flow of 3.32 ×10-5 m3/min provided the optimal humidity of 69.8% for the Khus cooling pad material. The document also reviewed previous literature on experimental and theoretical performance analyses of different evaporative cooling pad materials and configurations.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFDijtsrd
Fins are the extended surface jutting from a surface or body and which they are meant for increasing the heat transfer rate between the surfaces by increasing area for heat transfer. Heat flow in a system depends on three factors 1 area of the surface 2 temperature distinction and 3 the convective heat transfer coefficient. Rate of heat transfer can be magnified by enhancing any one of these factors. Out of these, the bottom surface area is restricted attributable to the design of the object temperature distinction depends on process and having process limitations. The sole alternative seems to be the convection heat transfer constant and this may not be magnified on the far side a certain worth. Therefore the potential choice is to extend the base surface area by the extended surfaces additionally called fins. Fins are therefore used whenever the obtainable surface area is found inadequate to transfer needed amount of heat with obtainable temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. In the case of fins the direction of heat transfer by convection is perpendicular to the direction of conduction heat flow. Present research work is devoted to the investigations of better fin material for an internal combustion engine. For this investigation help of simulation approach is being taken. Preceding in the direction of research, first of all a model of existing internal combustion engine was prepared. In next stage, along with existing material Al204 different materials, aluminnium alloy 7075, magnesium and beryllium, were also introduced in the model and thermal analysis was done on popular software ANSYS 15.0, under which three parameters were investigated, heat flux, directional heat flux and average temperature. Following are the details of conclusion drawn. 1. Beryllium shows itself most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application 2. Aluminum 7075 shows itself second most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application and 3. Aluminum 204 shows itself worst material for the internal combustion fin application. Abhishek Kumar | Shreeram Barkhane "Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29519.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29519/selection-of-material-for-improving-heat-transfer-rate-for-fins-using-cfd/abhishek-kumar
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Split Refrigeration System with Indoor & Ou...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance of a refrigeration system with indoor and outdoor condenser units. Two cases were considered: case 1 with both units inside the room, and case 2 with one unit outside the room. The results found that case 2 had a 1.9% lower average room temperature and a 15.9% lower evaporator temperature compared to case 1. The minimum evaporator temperature was similar between the two cases. In conclusion, having one condenser unit outside the room improved the refrigeration system's performance by lowering temperatures. Future work could explore using alternative refrigerants and accounting for pressure losses.
Investigation of Heat Dissipation in Petrol Engine Cylinder during Explosion ...IJARTES
The current work determines the rate of heat flow
from an engine cylinder. The heat addition during the heat
addition stage or during explosion is determined by using the
classical equations. The heat dissipation from the cylinder is
enhanced by the fins provided around the cylinder. The results
which are obtained are validated with the finite element
analysis software ANSYS APDL. A study is conducted by
considering various materials to obtain optimum material
selection to enhance the better flow of heat from the system.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed heat transfer in an economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discussed how fins can be added to economizer tubes to increase the heat transfer surface area between flue gases and boiler feedwater. The document reviewed previous research on economizer design optimization and failures. It described the working of CFD analysis using equations of continuity, momentum, and energy to model fluid flow. The study used the k-ε turbulence model in CFD software to analyze heat transfer with and without fins on an economizer.
The document discusses the performance of a tangentially fired boiler in a thermal power plant. It provides background on tangential firing which involves burning fuel along lines tangent to an imaginary circle in the furnace center. This creates intense turbulence and thorough mixing. The document then analyzes heat input and losses in a tangentially fired boiler. It determines the total heat input, heat absorbed by components like the economizer and superheater, and heat losses. Finally, it calculates the net heat absorbed and thermal efficiency of the boiler.
This document reviews various techniques for enhancing heat transfer through surfaces like tubes and ducts, specifically the use of ribs, fins, and inserts. It begins by classifying heat transfer enhancement techniques as active, passive, or compound. The majority of the document then focuses on passive techniques, including extended surfaces like fins and the use of inserts within ducts or tubes. It provides examples of different rib, fin, and insert configurations that have been used, and summarizes several studies that have experimentally analyzed heat transfer rates and pressure drops associated with these configurations under different parameters. Overall, the document serves as a literature review of using ribs, fins, and inserts to enhance heat transfer through surfaces in a passive manner without external power input.
IRJET- Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Refrigeration Type Desert ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication and performance analysis of a refrigeration type desert cooler. It discusses the various components of the cooler, including the fan, compressor, PVC pipes, pump, evaporative pads, copper coil, capillary tube, and condenser. The cooler works by using a refrigeration system to cool water in a reservoir, which is then pumped through evaporative cooling pads to further lower the temperature of air passing through the pads. This allows the desert cooler to provide cooler air than a conventional cooler and can be an alternative to air conditioners in dry climates.
CFD Simulation and Heat Transfer Analysis of Automobile Radiator using Helica...IJERD Editor
To ensure smooth running of an automotive vehicle under any variable load conditions, one of the major systems necessary is the cooling system. Automobile radiators are becoming highly power-packed with increasing power to weight or volume ratio. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the important software tools to access preliminary design and the performance of the radiator. In this paper, a 55 hp engine radiator data is taken for analysis in CFD. The model is done Pro-E software and imported in ANSYS-12. Helical tubes are considered for the radiator with two different pitches like 15mm & 20mm. The comparison is done for different mass flow rates like 2.3, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 kg/sec in helical type tubes. It is found that there is more heat dissipation rate in 15mm pitch helical tubes compared to 20mm pitch helical tubes. Maximum temperature drop & minimum pressure drop occurs in case of 0.5 kg/sec of mass flow rate. It is observed that with increased mass flow rate, there is decrease in temperature drop & increase in pressure drop
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable r...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the thermodynamic simulation of a year-round air conditioning system with a variable rotational speed desiccant wheel. The system includes components like a desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils, and cooling coils to provide cooling and humidity control for different weather conditions. Equations are presented for analyzing parameters like the outlet temperature and efficiency of the desiccant wheel, saturation efficiency and cooling pad volume of the evaporative cooler, and supply air conditions. Simulation results show that the outlet temperature of the desiccant wheel increases with rotational speed from 52.96°C to 63.28°C, while the efficiency increases and saturation efficiency of the evaporative cooler decreases. The cooling pad volume
El documento presenta un "Dodecálogo de Da Mojón" que resume doce hechos sobre la autora y sobre sí misma a lo largo de seis años. La autora contrasta su propia situación personal y familiar positiva frente a la situación negativa de Da Mojón, quien supuestamente la ha acosado durante ese tiempo. El resumen concluye deseándole a Da Mojón que deje de comportarse de forma conflictiva.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre Moscú y privar al Kremlin de fondos para financiar su guerra.
This document describes a student project that aims to experimentally analyze heat transfer enhancement using different types of inserts. It will investigate various factors that influence heat transfer for each insert type across a range of Reynolds numbers. The project will also compare experimental and software analysis results for different inserts. Heat transfer can be enhanced through passive surface and flow manipulation techniques that interrupt the boundary layer, create swirl flow, or modify the flow path. Enhanced heat transfer allows for more compact and efficient heat exchanger design.
IRJET- Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Spiral FlowIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on heat exchangers with parallel and counter flow configurations. It discusses how performance varies based on fluid properties and operating conditions. The document also outlines the experimental setup and procedure used to study a double pipe heat exchanger with a spiral inner tube. Tests were conducted with both parallel and counter flow arrangements to compare performance under different flow rates and inlet temperatures. Key findings from previous research on factors affecting heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness are also summarized.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Plate Fin Heat Sink with Pin Fins of Vario...ijtsrd
In recent decades, attempts have been made to create more advanced effective cooling technology for electronic and microelectronic devices, but heat dissipation is still a major challenge for increasing the cooling performance of heat sinks in a highly competitive electronics market. In the present analysis, the research is designing a new thermal design for plate fin heat sinks with hexagonal pin fin connected to the plate fins. A theoretical analysis focused on publicly usable computational fluid dynamics CFD codes has been performed to test the thermal efficiency of the proposed designs. Modelling done using ANSYS 14.5 and meshing has done using ICEM CFD software, simulations has done by using CFD FLUENT software. In specific, in terms of their thermal performance, hexagonal pin fin connected to the plate fins subject to flow have been contrasted. The plate fin heat sink was made of Aluminium and an electrical heaters provide a heat of 10W constantly to warm up a plate plate fin heat sink with hexagonal pin fin subject to flow of air at variable values i.e. 6.5, 9.5, and 2.5 m s .Based on the results, the analysis has shown that the plate fin heat sinks demonstrate superior thermal performance with hexagonal 3 pin fin subject to flow. The Nusselt number is approximately 1.32 times higher than the conventional plate fin heat sink without pin fin and 1.13 times higher than plate fin heat sink with elliptical 3 pin fin. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Prashant Kumar Pandey "Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Plate Fin Heat Sink with Pin Fins of Various Profile using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33375.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/33375/heat-transfer-characteristics-of-a-plate-fin-heat-sink-with-pin-fins-of-various-profile-using-cfd/prof-pushparaj-singh
Simulation Based Interpretation and Recent Trends on Performance Analysis on ...ijtsrd
The heat transfer system is of great importance in many commercial and domestic applications. Likewise, IC engine always maintained at the working temperature for good ex. The improper generation distribution of temperature affects the performance and reduces the efficiency of the engine hence to the vehicle automobile. The performance of automobile Radiators can be substantially improved by a number of augmentation techniques. Heat transfer can be increased by active and passive flow control techniques or either with the incorporation of Nanofluids. As in order to remove the excess temperature, we need some cooling system in the automobile. The cooling system can be of two types Air and Water cooling system. Air cooling system is generally used in two wheelers and airplanes. The air directly takes the heat from the surface of the engine through the fins available on them. In the water cooling system, a water jacket is provided around the engine which carries the heat of the engine and releases this heat to the atmosphere with the help of a component called a radiator. The radiator basically consists of the upper tank, lower tank, tubes, fins, thermostat, the inlet port and outlet port, pressure cap. In the present work, Simulation Based Interpretation and Performance Analysis on Automobile Radiator through NanoParticle Fluids on modeled setup will be done trying to incorporate the condition of the automobile by using Nanoparticle fluids of Al2O3 and CuO. Water will also be taken to compare the performance of the Nanofluids. Results of numerous experimental and Ansys CFD solvers will be illustrated. Krishna Dutta Pandey | Shailendra Tiwari | Kundan Gupta "Simulation Based Interpretation and Recent Trends on Performance Analysis on Automobile Radiator through Nano Particle Fluids" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38592.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/38592/simulation-based-interpretation-and-recent-trends-on-performance-analysis-on-automobile-radiator-through-nano-particle-fluids/krishna-dutta-pandey
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger with different baffle inclinations. The study aims to determine the optimal baffle inclination angle and mass flow rate. It analyzes heat transfer characteristics for baffle inclinations of 0, 10 and 20 degrees. The results indicate that a helical baffle configuration forces fluid rotation, increasing heat transfer rates and coefficients more than a segmental baffle design. Overall, the CFD simulation allows determination of outlet temperatures, pressure drops, and optimal design parameters for improved heat exchanger performance.
HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION IN STEEL QUENCHING BY SPRAY IMPINGEMENT COOLING ME...BIBHUTI BHUSAN SAMANTARAY
The present article discusses the experimental results on heat transfer characteristics of spray impingement cooling of a stationary steel plate. The eexperimental setup consisted of an electrically heated flat stationary steel plate of dimension 120 mm x 120 mm x 4 mm, spray setup, water supply and air supply unit. The effects of various controlling parameters such as air-water pressures, water flow rate, nozzle tip to target distance and impingement density were determined and analysed. The cooling rates were computed from the time dependent temperature history and used to analyse the parametric effects. The results obtained in the study confirmed the higher efficiency of the spray cooling system and the cooling strategy was found advantageous over the conventional cooling methods available in the open literature.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of fluid flow rate on the performance of a parallel flow plate heat exchanger. The study was conducted using a plate heat exchanger with water as the working fluid stationed at Landmark University. Experimental results including temperature distribution, flow rates, Reynolds numbers, and Nusselt numbers were analyzed to determine the heat exchanger's thermal performance measures like overall heat transfer coefficient. The researchers found that increasing the hot fluid's flow rate more quickly than the cold fluid increases efficiency. Heat transfer coefficient also increases with Reynolds and Nusselt numbers, indicating more turbulent flow and higher heat transfer rates. Future work could involve computational modeling to determine temperature distributions and investigate a counter-current flow arrangement
Optimization of Process Parameters of Direct Evaporative Cooling using Khus M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that used the Taguchi method to optimize the operating parameters of a direct evaporative cooling system that uses Khus (Vetiver) as the cooling pad material. The researchers investigated two parameters - air velocity and water flow rate. They conducted experiments using an L9 orthogonal array with three levels for each parameter. The response analyzed was the relative humidity achieved. Their results found that an air velocity of 1.0 m/s and water flow of 3.32 ×10-5 m3/min provided the optimal humidity of 69.8% for the Khus cooling pad material. The document also reviewed previous literature on experimental and theoretical performance analyses of different evaporative cooling pad materials and configurations.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFDijtsrd
Fins are the extended surface jutting from a surface or body and which they are meant for increasing the heat transfer rate between the surfaces by increasing area for heat transfer. Heat flow in a system depends on three factors 1 area of the surface 2 temperature distinction and 3 the convective heat transfer coefficient. Rate of heat transfer can be magnified by enhancing any one of these factors. Out of these, the bottom surface area is restricted attributable to the design of the object temperature distinction depends on process and having process limitations. The sole alternative seems to be the convection heat transfer constant and this may not be magnified on the far side a certain worth. Therefore the potential choice is to extend the base surface area by the extended surfaces additionally called fins. Fins are therefore used whenever the obtainable surface area is found inadequate to transfer needed amount of heat with obtainable temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. In the case of fins the direction of heat transfer by convection is perpendicular to the direction of conduction heat flow. Present research work is devoted to the investigations of better fin material for an internal combustion engine. For this investigation help of simulation approach is being taken. Preceding in the direction of research, first of all a model of existing internal combustion engine was prepared. In next stage, along with existing material Al204 different materials, aluminnium alloy 7075, magnesium and beryllium, were also introduced in the model and thermal analysis was done on popular software ANSYS 15.0, under which three parameters were investigated, heat flux, directional heat flux and average temperature. Following are the details of conclusion drawn. 1. Beryllium shows itself most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application 2. Aluminum 7075 shows itself second most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application and 3. Aluminum 204 shows itself worst material for the internal combustion fin application. Abhishek Kumar | Shreeram Barkhane "Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29519.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29519/selection-of-material-for-improving-heat-transfer-rate-for-fins-using-cfd/abhishek-kumar
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Split Refrigeration System with Indoor & Ou...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that analyzed the performance of a refrigeration system with indoor and outdoor condenser units. Two cases were considered: case 1 with both units inside the room, and case 2 with one unit outside the room. The results found that case 2 had a 1.9% lower average room temperature and a 15.9% lower evaporator temperature compared to case 1. The minimum evaporator temperature was similar between the two cases. In conclusion, having one condenser unit outside the room improved the refrigeration system's performance by lowering temperatures. Future work could explore using alternative refrigerants and accounting for pressure losses.
Investigation of Heat Dissipation in Petrol Engine Cylinder during Explosion ...IJARTES
The current work determines the rate of heat flow
from an engine cylinder. The heat addition during the heat
addition stage or during explosion is determined by using the
classical equations. The heat dissipation from the cylinder is
enhanced by the fins provided around the cylinder. The results
which are obtained are validated with the finite element
analysis software ANSYS APDL. A study is conducted by
considering various materials to obtain optimum material
selection to enhance the better flow of heat from the system.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed heat transfer in an economizer using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It discussed how fins can be added to economizer tubes to increase the heat transfer surface area between flue gases and boiler feedwater. The document reviewed previous research on economizer design optimization and failures. It described the working of CFD analysis using equations of continuity, momentum, and energy to model fluid flow. The study used the k-ε turbulence model in CFD software to analyze heat transfer with and without fins on an economizer.
The document discusses the performance of a tangentially fired boiler in a thermal power plant. It provides background on tangential firing which involves burning fuel along lines tangent to an imaginary circle in the furnace center. This creates intense turbulence and thorough mixing. The document then analyzes heat input and losses in a tangentially fired boiler. It determines the total heat input, heat absorbed by components like the economizer and superheater, and heat losses. Finally, it calculates the net heat absorbed and thermal efficiency of the boiler.
This document reviews various techniques for enhancing heat transfer through surfaces like tubes and ducts, specifically the use of ribs, fins, and inserts. It begins by classifying heat transfer enhancement techniques as active, passive, or compound. The majority of the document then focuses on passive techniques, including extended surfaces like fins and the use of inserts within ducts or tubes. It provides examples of different rib, fin, and insert configurations that have been used, and summarizes several studies that have experimentally analyzed heat transfer rates and pressure drops associated with these configurations under different parameters. Overall, the document serves as a literature review of using ribs, fins, and inserts to enhance heat transfer through surfaces in a passive manner without external power input.
IRJET- Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Refrigeration Type Desert ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication and performance analysis of a refrigeration type desert cooler. It discusses the various components of the cooler, including the fan, compressor, PVC pipes, pump, evaporative pads, copper coil, capillary tube, and condenser. The cooler works by using a refrigeration system to cool water in a reservoir, which is then pumped through evaporative cooling pads to further lower the temperature of air passing through the pads. This allows the desert cooler to provide cooler air than a conventional cooler and can be an alternative to air conditioners in dry climates.
CFD Simulation and Heat Transfer Analysis of Automobile Radiator using Helica...IJERD Editor
To ensure smooth running of an automotive vehicle under any variable load conditions, one of the major systems necessary is the cooling system. Automobile radiators are becoming highly power-packed with increasing power to weight or volume ratio. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the important software tools to access preliminary design and the performance of the radiator. In this paper, a 55 hp engine radiator data is taken for analysis in CFD. The model is done Pro-E software and imported in ANSYS-12. Helical tubes are considered for the radiator with two different pitches like 15mm & 20mm. The comparison is done for different mass flow rates like 2.3, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 kg/sec in helical type tubes. It is found that there is more heat dissipation rate in 15mm pitch helical tubes compared to 20mm pitch helical tubes. Maximum temperature drop & minimum pressure drop occurs in case of 0.5 kg/sec of mass flow rate. It is observed that with increased mass flow rate, there is decrease in temperature drop & increase in pressure drop
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable r...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the thermodynamic simulation of a year-round air conditioning system with a variable rotational speed desiccant wheel. The system includes components like a desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils, and cooling coils to provide cooling and humidity control for different weather conditions. Equations are presented for analyzing parameters like the outlet temperature and efficiency of the desiccant wheel, saturation efficiency and cooling pad volume of the evaporative cooler, and supply air conditions. Simulation results show that the outlet temperature of the desiccant wheel increases with rotational speed from 52.96°C to 63.28°C, while the efficiency increases and saturation efficiency of the evaporative cooler decreases. The cooling pad volume
El documento presenta un "Dodecálogo de Da Mojón" que resume doce hechos sobre la autora y sobre sí misma a lo largo de seis años. La autora contrasta su propia situación personal y familiar positiva frente a la situación negativa de Da Mojón, quien supuestamente la ha acosado durante ese tiempo. El resumen concluye deseándole a Da Mojón que deje de comportarse de forma conflictiva.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre Moscú y privar al Kremlin de fondos para financiar su guerra.
El documento describe los principios del constructivismo cognitivo y su aplicación en la educación. Explica que el constructivismo implica que los estudiantes construyen el significado de lo que aprenden de forma activa. También describe cómo el aprendizaje significativo ayuda a los estudiantes a desarrollar sus estructuras mentales a través de la asimilación de nuevos conceptos y la modificación de sus esquemas de conocimiento existentes.
Emily Sullivan completed a Basic Life Support (Adult) course on October 23rd, 2014. The course number was 40101256. This document appears to be a certificate or record of completion for a basic life support training course that Emily Sullivan undertook.
El documento discute la evaluación en la educación. Explica que la evaluación tradicionalmente se ha centrado en medir el rendimiento de los estudiantes, pero que ahora también considera los factores que influyen en el aprendizaje. Argumenta que la evaluación formativa es la más útil para comprender y mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
El padre de siete hijos desea una hija y su esposa finalmente da a luz una niña delicada. Los siete hijos rompen la jarra con el agua para el bautizo y el padre, enojado, los maldice convirtiéndolos en cuervos. Años después, la niña se entera y decide ir a buscar a sus hermanos. Encuentra a una estrella que le da un hueso para abrir la Montaña de Cristal donde están los cuervos. Al rescatarlos, los hermanos recuperan su forma human
This short document discusses a musical theme called "Indian Dream - Spa Music" that was played on Tuesday, May 24, 2011. An email address is also included but not the main focus.
Este documento establece las pautas y fechas límite para la entrega del Trabajo Práctico No1 de un curso de Introducción a la Informática. Los estudiantes deben enviar un glosario informático en formato digital antes del 30 de mayo de 2011. El trabajo será evaluado en base a 15 criterios especificados y se considerará aprobado si se alcanzan al menos 12 de esos criterios.
A arte é uma forma de expressão humana que representa emoções, história e cultura através de valores estéticos como beleza e harmonia. A arte pode ser expressa em várias formas como música, escultura, pintura e dança. Fazer uma definição precisa de arte é complexo, assim como determinar sua função no dia a dia, já que a arte pode ter funções pragmáticas, formais ou um diálogo entre ambas.
O documento analisa o efeito do número de jogadores em jogos com campo reduzido sobre a demanda física e respostas fisiológicas em jogadores adolescentes de futebol. Foram avaliados 14 jogadores submetidos a jogos 3 vs 3 e 7 vs 7. Os resultados demonstraram que a intensidade e a demanda física foram maiores no formato 3 vs 3, com maior distância total percorrida, em alta velocidade e atividades de alta intensidade.
Este documento describe un proyecto de taller elemental en el que los estudiantes deben diseñar y construir un habitáculo para dos noches que cumpla con las necesidades básicas de alojamiento para el número de integrantes de cada grupo. Se especifica que el diseño debe mostrar ingenio y creatividad, y que los materiales permitidos son polietileno, varas de coligues, tubos de PVC, alambre o cuerdas. El documento también incluye fechas para la corrección de maquetas y entrega del proyecto terminado.
NUEVA TIENDA VIRTUAL JFKSOFT PAGO SEGUROJFKSOFT CORP.
La membresía JFKSOFT Premium ofrece una colección de plantillas de Excel para el área administrativa, las cuales permiten automatizar tareas y procesos administrativos mediante la plataforma de Microsoft Excel.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para usar un sistema de facturación en Excel. Explica cómo crear clientes, proveedores y productos en la base de datos, y cómo generar facturas de venta utilizando plantillas de Excel. También describe otras plantillas como compras, informes y estadísticas. El sistema permite facturar de forma automatizada y organizar la información comercial.
Numerical Investigation of Air Cooled Condensers using Different Refrigerantsijtsrd
Condensers are an integral part of refrigeration system. The current research reviews existing work conducted on improving the design and performance of condenser by varying design and operating conditions. The comparative studies between different types of condensers on the basis of COP coefficient of performance , energy consumption, refrigeration capacity are also presented. The effect of operational parameters and other factors along with development of empirical correlation on performance is also presented. Raghvendra Thakur | Ashwini Bhoi "Numerical Investigation of Air Cooled Condensers using Different Refrigerants" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49161.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/49161/numerical-investigation-of-air-cooled-condensers-using-different-refrigerants/raghvendra-thakur
To study the behaviour of nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Nanofluid is an advanced kind of fluid, which contain nanometer sized (10-9 m) solid particles that are known as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles enhance the property of normal fluid. In past five years, nanorefrigerant has become the input for large number of experimental and vapour compression systems because of shortage of energy and environmental considerations. The conventional refrigerants have major role in global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, there is need to improve the performance of vapour compression refrigeartion system with the help of using suitable refrigerant. Nearly all the works carried out in relation with nanofluids in vapour compression is regarding their applications in systems like domestic refrigerators and industrial purposes etc. The present paper investigate the performance of the nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle and the challenges of using nanorefrigerants in vapour compression cycle. Keywords: Nanofluids, nanoparticles, nanometer, nanorefrigerants, vapour compression, ecofriendly, domestic refrigerator
A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systemijtsrd
In vapour absorbtion refrigeration system an absorber, a pump, a generator and a pressure reducing valve replace the compressor. We can also operate the generator with low thermal energy by exhaust heat of IC engine. The fossil fuel remain main source of energy but contribute a tremendous amount of pollutants in the environment leading to global warming ,so for the purpose of refrigerator and air conditioning a vapour absorption refrigeration system could be used. this system utilizes the wasteful heat from heavy vehicle exhaust and work on VARS which provides the cooling and reducing various costs like fuel and maintenance. The research has been done in order to recover maximum waste heat and then analyzing the system performance. Through this system the researchers has tried to find out the maximum COP. It has been found by research that generator temperature has the most effect on the release of the system. Alok Kumar Gupta | Laraib Ahamad | Prabhat Kumar Yadav | Paurush Pandit "A Review Paper on Design of Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31321.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31321/a-review-paper-on-design-of-generator-in-vapour-absorption-refrigeration-system/alok-kumar-gupta
To study the application of nanorefrigerant in refrigeration system a revieweSAT Journals
1. The document reviews the application of nanorefrigerants in refrigeration systems. Nanorefrigerants are a combination of nanoparticles and refrigerants that can improve heat transfer properties compared to conventional refrigerants.
2. Several studies are summarized that found improvements like increased heat transfer, higher COP, and reduced energy consumption when using nanorefrigerants made of particles like Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2 mixed with refrigerants like R134a and R600a.
3. The review concludes that nanorefrigerants show promise for making refrigeration processes more efficient and reducing their environmental impact, though more study is still needed to optimize nanoparticle type and concentration.
First law thermal performance improvement of vapour compression refrigeration...editorijrei
In past time, HFC refrigerants were used in refrigeration process and they were having a global warming potential at high level. Now, as time change, and due to the modern techniques are coming into existence with the help of them the refrigeration process become more efficient and safe as compare to previous in atmospheric prospective.
The nanotechnologies used in present time in the vapor compression refrigeration system. The nano refrigerant is nothing but the combined form of nano particle with the refrigerant. The nano refrigerant can be formed by two ways (1) by mixing nano particles with refrigerant in gaseous form, (2) by mixing nano particles to lubricant. We will combine different nano particles such as copper, Al2O3having the same diameter and same volume fraction with the R718 in the secondary circuit of evaporator and to study the nature of thermo-physical properties in refrigeration process which improves the first law performance of vapour compression refrigeration system The nano particles like AL2O3, CuO and TiO2 mixed in R718 and used in secondary circuit of evaporator gives better around 95% more improvements in heat transfer coefficient which improves 11.8% to 19.05% first law thermal performances as presented in this paper
Performance Evaluation of Domestic Refrigerator Using Eco-Friendly Refrigeran...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on using eco-friendly refrigerants in domestic refrigerators. It begins with an abstract that outlines comparing the performance of a refrigerator using R-134a, a mixture of propane R290 and isobutene R600a, and incorporating a condenser fan and acrylic door. The document then reviews literature on experiments evaluating the performance of refrigerators using alternative refrigerants like hydrocarbon mixtures, R152a, R600a, and HC-12a compared to R-134a. Key findings from the literature include improved COP and reduced energy consumption when using alternative refrigerants. The proposed work is to experimentally evaluate the performance of a refrigerator using a mixture of R290 and
Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption cooling system for vehicle air ...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this present era more & more focus is to be given on energy conservation. Refrigeration & air conditioning is one of the growing field of engineering, the existing system are hampering the environment as they are suffering from various environmental problems such as depletion of ozone layer & global warming due to emission of harmful gases such as HFC’s ,CFC’s & CO2 as they were using traditional refrigerants. Waste heat driven Vapour adsorption cooling system is eco-friendly, efficient, & reliable in nature. But on the other hand this system having lowers COP as compare to existing systems which is Due to the lack of research and advancement in the system. By considering the environmental aspects & need of energy conservation it is necessary to design and developed the VAR’s system which will successfully compete the existing systems. This paper will give the idea about the Design of waste heat driven vapour adsorption system of 2KW capacity for vehicle air-conditioning & refrigeration application. The adsorber bed is the heart of the cooling system and it can affect the performance of the system to the greater extent. So that while designing the VAR cooling system more focused is given on design and selection of adsorber bed. This article mainly focused on the various and important design parameters of the vapour adsorption cooling system Such as Adsorber bed design, adsorber and adsorbate mass, design of evaporator & condenser, Coefficient of performance(COP), Specific cooling power (SCP) and the other performance affecting parameters. Keywords: Vapour Adsorption, Design Parameters, Low Grade Thermal Energy, Adsorbate & Adsorbent.
Experimental Investigations on Solid Desiccant Cooling Systemijtsrd
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a solid desiccant cooling system. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of a rotary desiccant wheel under Indian climatic conditions. Experiments were conducted in March and April to analyze the desiccant wheel's adsorption and regeneration rates at different rotation speeds. The optimum speed was found to be 40 rotations per hour. COP was also analyzed over time, ranging from 0.43 to 0.54 for the month of March. In conclusion, the desiccant system showed potential for dehumidification under hot, humid conditions with regeneration requiring lower temperatures than vapor compression systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJREI_A thermodynamic analysis of ejector type vapour refrigeration system us...Husain Mehdi
This document analyzes the thermodynamic performance of an ejector refrigeration cycle using various eco-friendly refrigerants (R-404A, R-410A, R-407C, etc.). It presents results from a numerical simulation that varied the boiler, condenser, and evaporator temperatures. The simulation found that R-404A achieved the highest COP and second law efficiency in many temperature ranges. R-410A achieved the highest refrigeration effect for all temperature ranges. In general, R-410A and R-404A performed best among the refrigerants analyzed, with R-410A having the best refrigeration effect and R-404A having the best COP and second law efficiency.
In this project, experimentation is done on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
[VCRS] as the COP is high for this system and it is the present trend of the HVAC in the
domestic industry. This study presents investigation of best suited refrigerant and
insulation combination for gas pipeline and liquid pipeline of a split air conditioning
system. Analysis are performed for R22-Chlorodiflouromethane, a HydroChloroFlouro
Carbon refrigerant, which has been using in the present world that cause both global
warming and ozone layer depletion and R410a, mixture of di-flouromethane and
pentaflouroethane, a Hydroflouro carbon refrigerant, which is future of HVAC which
reduces the effect of ozone layer depletion [ODP] and Global Warming Potential
[GWP].For these two refrigerants, we had found out the best insulation suitable as
insulation also affects the COP of air conditioner, which has been observed from the
literature. Minimizing the temperature of refrigerant in suction line helps condensing unit
work more effectively intern the system performance increases. This reduces the overall
power required for working of air conditioner, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of
system. Also, it helps the manufacturer to provide best type of insulation for the system at
reduced cost thereby reducing overall cost of VCRS.To perform the experimental
comparison, 16 tests were carried out for 5 times with each refrigerant Insulation
combination. From analysis it is observed that, COPA for NRF+AF gives highest value
for R22 and R410awhen compared to various insulation materials. Power required for
VCRS is greater while using R410a than R22. So In this work the main energy parameters
such as COP and work required for compressor are analysed and discussed.
Modeling of variable speed compressor vapour compression refrigeration system...Husain Mehdi
Lots of researches have been done and going on based on the performance evaluation of various metallic/ nonmetallic nanoparticle suspended into the conventional fluid to enhance the heat transfer property of base fluid. Also some theoretical analysis of suspension of nanoparticle Al2O3 in conventional refrigerant. On the other hand the performance of vapour compression cycle based chiller facility using nano refrigerant yet to be analyzed with different type, concentration and diameter of nanoparticle. Such as TiO2, CuO nanoparticle suspension into conventional refrigerant with different concentration and diameter have been analyzed by several investigators and also effect of variation of concentration and nanoparticle diameter on the first and second law performance of vapour compression refrigeration system is presented. The effect of changing input parameter of VCRS using nano refrigerant also affecting significantly the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and very little condor heat transfer coefficient. The idea of Suspension nanoparticle into conventional refrigerant and theoretical analysis of VCRS using nano-refrigerant is proposed after going through extensive literature review presented in this paper.
IJREI_Thermodynamic study of R134a in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System...Husain Mehdi
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Comparison of the Performances of NH3-H20 and Libr-H2O Vapour Absorption Refr...IJERA Editor
Developments in absorption cooling technology present an opportunity to achieve significant improvements on
micro-scale to buildings, cooling, heating and power systems for residential and light commercial buildings.
Their resultant effects are effective, energy efficient and economical. This study therefore contributes an
important knowledge and method in the development, fabrication and application of an absorption refrigerator as
a better alternative to the commonly used compressor refrigerators. Two fluid gas absorption refrigerators use
electric based heater installed generator and no moving parts, such as pumps and compressors, and operate at a
single system pressure. In this paper the performances analysis of the NH3-H2O and possible alternative cycles as
lithium bromide-water are compared in respect of the (COP) and different operating conditioning. The highest
COP was found as a function of the absorber, generator, condenser, and evaporating temperature. This paper
compares the performance of vapour absorption refrigeration cycles that are used for refrigeration temperatures
below 0°C. Since the most common vapour absorption refrigeration systems use ammonia-water solution with
ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent, research has been devoted to improvement of the
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Optimization through Mathematical Modelling of Irreversibility and Other Para...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimization of irreversibility and other parameters in a simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant R-134a through mathematical modeling. It summarizes previous research that analyzed refrigeration cycles using exergy analysis and the second law of thermodynamics. The study establishes relationships between evaporator temperature and performance parameters like COP, total exergy change, irreversibility, ECOP, and second law efficiency. It analyzes these parameters for different evaporator temperatures to develop a mathematical model to calculate one parameter given a value for another. The model aims to optimize irreversibility and other factors in the refrigeration cycle.
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A REVIEW PAPER ON ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE RADIATORijsrd.com
An Automotive engine cooling system takes out of excess heat produced during engine operation. An automobile cooling system regulates engine surface temperature for engine optimum efficiency. Recent advancement and development in engine for power forced engine cooling system to develop new strategies to improve its performance efficiency. Also to reduce fuel consumption along with controlling engine emission to mitigate environmental pollution norms. This paper throws light on parameters which influence radiator performance along with reviews some of the conventional and modern approaches to enhance radiator performance. This review paper Focus on the various research papers regarding experimental, CFD and Numerical analysis to improving automobile radiator efficiency.
The use of Cooking Gas as Refrigerant in a Domestic RefrigeratorIJERA Editor
The application of cooking gas refrigerants in refrigeration system is considered to be a potential way to improve
energy efficiency and to encourage the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. Refrigeration operation has
been met with many challenges as it deals with environmental impact, how it affects humans and how it
contributes to the society in general. Domestic refrigerators annually consume several metric tons of traditional
refrigerants, which contribute to very high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential
(GWP). The experiment conducted employs the use of two closely linked refrigerants, R600a (Isobutene) and
cooking gas which is varied in an ideal refrigerant mixture of 150 g of refrigerant and 15 ml of lubricating oil (to
a rating of 40 wt % expected in the compressor). The Laboratory process involved the use of Gas
Chromatography machine to ascertain the values of the mole ratio, molecular weight and critical temperatures.
Prode properties and Refprop softwares were used to ascertain other refrigerant properties of the mixture. The
results indicated that the mixture of R600a with lubricant confirm mineral oil as being the most appropriate for
the operation. The experimental results indicated that the refrigeration system with cooking gas refrigerant
worked normally and was found to attain high freezing capacity and a COP value of 2.159. It is established that
cooking gas is a viable alternative refrigerant to replace R600a in domestic refrigerators. Hence, its application
in refrigerating systems measures up to the current trend on environmental regulations with hydrocarbon
refrigerants
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of the Performance of R22 with its Alternative ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of three refrigerants: R22, R134A, and R407C. It analyzes their thermodynamic properties and performance in a vapor compression refrigeration system. The analysis finds that R407C has performance closest to R22, with COP and refrigerating effect between R22 and R134A. It concludes that R407C is a potential replacement for R22 in new and existing systems with minimal changes required.
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
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Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
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- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
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The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
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Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
1. Mr. Manish G. Vasava et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.124-128
www.ijera.com 124 | P a g e
Exergy Analysis of a Chilling Plant – A Review
Mr. Manish G. Vasava
, Dr. Neeraj K. Chavda**
PG Student and corresponding author, **
Associate Professor.
* **
Mechanical Engineering Department, ADIT Engineering College, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Anand, Gujarat,
ABSTRACT
Exergy analysis is widely used in the design, simulation and performance analysis of various types of
engineering applications in comparison with energy analysis. Energy analysis presents only quantities results
while exergy analysis presents qualitative results about actual energy consumption. This paper emphasizes
review of open literature related to the application of exergy analysis in various engineering application since its
development. It has been found that application of exergy analysis in vapour compression refrigeration system
has been increased in last decade only.
Keywords – Energy, Exergy, Exergy Analysis, Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, Chilling Plant
I. INTRODUCTION
The term Exergy was published for the first
time by Rant in 1956, and refers to the Greek words
ex (external) and ergos (work). Another term
describing the same is Available Energy or simply
Availability. The term Exergy is related to Ideal
Work and Exergy Losses relate to Lost Work.
Recently, exergy analysis method has been widely
used in the design, simulation and performance
assessment of various types of systems for
identifying losses and in-efficiencies. Exergy is
defined as the maximum work that may be achieved
by bringing a system into equilibrium with its
environment. First law of thermodynamic only deals
with the quality of energy, while exergy deals with
both quality and quantity. Every system not in
equilibrium with its environment has some quantity
of exergy, while a system that is in equilibrium with
its environment has, by definition, zero exergy since
it has no ability to do work with respect to its
environment.
A chilling Plant works on VCRS that cools
Air/Water, creating a more comfortable environment.
Chillers are also used to provide process cooling to
equipment in an effort to maximize productivity.
Chillers circulate chilled water to process unit in
order to transfer heat from process to water. This
water then returns to the evaporator side of the chiller
where the heat is passed from the water to a liquid
refrigerant. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a
cold vapor and enters the compressor where it is
compressed into a hot vapor. Upon leaving the
compressor, the vapor enters the condenser side of
the chiller where heat is transferred from the
refrigerant to the air side of the condenser where it is
circulated to an open surrounding environment for
the final removal of heat.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The detailed review of literature related to
the inception, development, and various application
of exergy analysis has been carried by Enrico S. et.
al.[1].
The review is divided into following sub groups.
(1) Conceptual literature in line with Exergy.
(2) Inception of “Exergy”
(3) Development of Exergy
(4) Expertise phase of Exergy
(5) Application of exergy analysis in various fields.
Number of literatures published in the sub
group number 1 to 4 is presented in Table 1.1 while
the application of exergy analysis in various
engineering field is tabulated in Table 1.2.
Sub Group Duration of
Year
Number of
Research
Papers
Published
Conceptual
Literature in line of
Exergy
1824-1952 33
Inception of Exergy 1953 1
Development of
Exergy analysis
1954-1970 71
Expertise Phase of
Exergy
After 1970 292
Table 1.1 Development Scenario of Exergy
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Mr. Manish G. Vasava et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.124-128
www.ijera.com 125 | P a g e
Type of Engineering
Applications of exergy
analysis
Number of Research
Papers Published
1931-1960
1961-1980
1981-2000
2001-2010
2011-2014
Steam Power Cycles 2 4 5 5 -
Gas Turbine Cycles - 4 6 9 -
Renewable Energy
Cycles
- - 4 1 -
Combined &
Cogeneration Cycles
- 9 20 11 -
Heat exchangers & Heat
Networking
1 5 18 8 -
Cryogenics 4 15 14 12 -
Chemical Processes 3 10 15 11 -
Distillation &
Desalination
1 6 15 8 -
Industrial &
Agricultural Systems
2 6 22 8 -
Environmental Appli. - 8 21 12 -
VCRS - - - 5 8
Table 1.2 Application of Exergy Analysis
From Table 1.1, it is found that, exergy
analysis has grown from child to adult from 1824 to
till date and scientists and researchers are enjoying
the fruitful results of expertise in the field of Exergy
analysis. From Table 1.2, it is clear that, since its
development, exergy analysis has been widely used
in most of the engineering applications. The study of
exergy analysis related to VCRS has been increased
in last decade only.
Other literatures related exergy analysis is
presented in the following section.
Amir V et al. [2] have studied on exergy
concept and it’s characteristic. Here author had
introduced the detail information about exergy and
also describe about exergy losses, entropy and energy
in thermodynamic systems. Here, author had define
dead state, surroundings, immediate surroundings,
environment and different forms of exergy. In this
paper the concept of exergy and its characteristic and
application in various fields has been discussed. And
different forms of exergy have been derived. Also a
brief comparison between energy and exergy analysis
has been done.
Yunus A et al. [3] describe that At present
day also human ,tend to judge things on the basis of
their quantity rather than quality, and perceive bigger
things as being better, stronger, and more
competitive. Assessments made on the basis of
quantity only (the first law) may be grossly
inadequate and misleading. When two companies
merge, for example, we expect the joint company to
be more productive and more dominant in a
competitive world, and when two states or countries
merge, we expect the new union to be stronger. But
experience shows that often this is not the case,
confirming the phrase “bigger is not necessarily
better”. In thermodynamics, this is analogous to a
system with a larger energy content not necessarily
having a larger exergy content or work potential. so
requirement of exergy analyses to know how
effectively useful energy converted into useful work.
Aprea C et al. [4] presented the experimental studies
of performances of a vapour compression
refrigeration plant using as working fluids R22 and
its substitute R417A (R125/R134a/R600,
46.6/50/3.4% in mass). This type of plant is applied
to a commercially available cold store, generally
adopted for preservation of foodstuff. The
experimental analysis had allowed the determination
of the best energetic performances of R22 in
comparison with those of R417A in terms of the
coefficient of performance, exergetic efficiency,
exergy destroyed in the plant components and other
variables characterizing the refrigeration plant
performance.
Guiyin F et al. [5] has investigated Exergy
analysis of a dual mode refrigeration system for ice
storage air conditioning. Here, dual mode
refrigeration system consists of conventional air
conditioning operation unit and the ice storage
operation unit. The refrigeration system studied is a
dual-mode refrigeration cycle process. This indicates
that the refrigeration system operates not only in
conventional air conditioning mode during daytime,
but also in ice storage mode during nighttime. . The
results show that the exergy efficiency of the
refrigeration system in ice storage operating mode is
17.63% lower than that of the refrigeration system in
air conditioning operating mode.
Akhilesh A et al.[6] presented a detailed
exergy analysis of an actual vapour compression
refrigeration (VCR) cycle. A computational model
has been developed for computing coefficient of
performance (COP), exergy destruction, exergetic
efficiency and efficiency defects for R502, R404A
and R507A. The present investigation has been done
for evaporator and condenser temperatures in the
range of 50 ℃to 0℃and 40 ℃ to 55℃, respectively.
The results indicate that R507A is a better substitute
to R502 than R404A.
The efficiency defect in condenser is highest, and
lowest in liquid vapour heat exchanger for the
refrigerants considered. In this communication, an
extensive energy and exergy analysis of R502,
R404A and R507A in an actual vapour compression
cycle have been presented. The conclusions of the
present analysis are summarized below.
COP and exergetic efficiency for R507A are
better than that for R404A at condenser
3. Mr. Manish G. Vasava et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.124-128
www.ijera.com 126 | P a g e
temperatures between 40O
C and 55O
C. However,
both refrigerants show 4–17% lower value of
COP and exergetic efficiency in comparison to
R502 for the condenser temperatures between
40O
C and 55O
C.
The worst component from the viewpoint of
irreversibility or exergy destruction is condenser
followed by compressor, throttle valve and
evaporator, respectively. The most efficient
component is liquid vapour heat exchanger. The
summation of efficiency defects for R507A is
less than R404A for condenser temperatures
between 40 ℃ and 55℃.
Rahim K.J et al. [7] had submitted Energy,
Exergy and Thermo economics Analysis of Water
Chiller Cooler for Gas Turbines Intake Air Cooling.
In the present study, the performance of a cooling
system that consists of a chilled water external loop
coupled to the GT entrance is investigated. An
objective of the present study is to assess the
importance of using a coupled thermo-economics
analysis in the selections of the cooling system and
operation parameters. In the present study, the
profitability resulting from cooling the intake air is
calculated for electricity rates between 0.07 and 0.15
$/kWh and a payback period of 3 years. Cash flow
analysis of the GT power plant in the city of Yanbu
shows a potential for increasing the output power of
the plant and increased revenues.
Bukola O.B [8] presents experimental
results of investigation of effects of sub-cooling on
the performance of four ozone-friendly alternative
refrigerants (R32, R152a, R143a, and R134a) in a
domestic refrigeration system. The study was
performed using a system designed for R12 with the
aim of finding a drop-in replacement for the
refrigerant. Average refrigeration capacities of R152a
and R134a were 2.6% higher and 3.4% lower than
that of R12, respectively, while average capacities of
R143a and R32 were 22.4% and 31.3% lower than
that of R12, respectively. Also, the results obtained
showed that as the degree of sub-cooling increases,
the pressure ratio reduces, while both the refrigerant
mass flow rate and the coefficient of performance
(COP) increase. The COPs of R152a and R134a
obtained at various degrees of sub-cooling are close
to that of R12, while significant deviations in COPs
of R32 and R143a were obtained when compared
with that of R12. The overall assessment of the
results showed that R152a and R134a refrigerants
had the most similar performance characteristics to
R12, with R152a having a slightly better
performance, while the performances of R32 and
R143a were significantly lower than that of R12.
Ust Y et al. [9] has analyzed exegetic
performance coefficient criterion for a vapour
compression refrigeration system for different
refrigerant. This analysis has been carried out using
the refrigerants R32, R410A, R143A, R404A and
R125. The COP at maximum EPC condition for the
refrigerant R125 is bigger than the other refrigerants
studied in this paper. According to the results, the
refrigerant R32 shows the best performance in terms
of EPC among the other refrigerants (R410A,
R143A, R404A and R125).
Ahamed J.U et al. [10] worked on exergy
analysis in various usable sectors where vapour
compression refrigeration systems are used. Exergy
losses, exergy efficiency, second law efficiency and
irreversibility of the system components as well as of
the whole system are measured. In the vapour
compression system, R134a, R290 and R600a are
considered as refrigerants. Exergy parameters in the
compressor, evaporator, condenser and expansion
devices are calculated and analyzed. Exergy losses
depend on evaporator temperatures, condensing
temperature, refrigerants and ambient temperature.
Most of the exergy losses occur in the condenser.
Expansion device has the lowest losses. Exergy
parameters are compared for different operating
temperatures. It is found that hydrocarbons (R600a)
have 50% higher exergy efficiency than R134a.
Mixture of hydrocarbons also shows the best
performance based on the exergy analysis. After the
successful investigation of the HC as a refrigerant on
the basis of performance, the following conclusions
can be drawn based on the results obtained:
Exergy loss for butane and isobutene are less
than that of the refrigerant R134a in the present
test unit. In the higher evaporating temperature
exergy loss is decreased for all refrigerants.
Exergy efficiency is also higher for butane
compared to that of isobutene and R-134a as
refrigerants.
Exergy loss in the compressor is higher than that
in the other parts of the system i.e. up to 69% of
the total exergy loss occurs in the compressor.
The co-efficient of performances for butane and
isobutene are comparable with that of R134a.
Exergy loss increases with the increase of
condenser temperature. Its higher for butane
compared that of R134a and iso butane.
Camelia S et al. [11] work on a comparative
analysis of the refrigerant effect on the operation and
performances of a one stage vapour compression
refrigeration system. the paper is to present and
propose an analysis model for comparing the
operation of a VCR System with different
refrigerants, from performances point of view and
from limitations in terms of compression ratio. This
paper presents a comparative analysis of five
refrigerants working in a one stage VCRS with sub
cooling and superheating. Based on the exergy
analysis, exergy destruction rates were estimated for
each component of the system in a comparative
4. Mr. Manish G. Vasava et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.124-128
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manner for five refrigerants (R22, R134a, R717,
R507a, R404a) proving a different behavior and thus
bringing important information about system
optimization when working with a specific
refrigerant.
Vaibhav J et al. [12] investigated
thermodynamic analysis of R134a, R410a, R407c
and M20 in comparison to R22. In the present
research study a refrigerant property dependent
thermodynamic model of a simple reciprocating
system, which can simulate the performance of actual
system as closely as possible, has been used to
compare the characteristics of various refrigerants.
From the comparison of performance parameters it
can be concluded that R407C is a potential HFC
refrigerant replacement for new and existing systems
presently using R22 with minimum investment and
efforts.
Jyoti S et al. [13] Presented a theoretical
performance study of a vapour compression
refrigeration system with refrigerants R-407C and R-
410A. A computational model based on energy and
exergy analysis is presented for the investigation. The
exergetic efficiency of R-407C is 2.5-5.1% higher
than R410A for considered range of dead state
temperatures. A theoretical investigation showed that
better performances of R-407C in comparisons with
R-410A.
Ratnesh S et al.[14] investigated a domestic
refrigerator designed to work with R-134a to assess
the possibility of using a mixture of propane and
isobutene. The performance of the refrigerator using
azotropic mixture as refrigerants was investigated
and compared with the performance of refrigerator
when R-134, R12, R22, R290, R600a is used as a
refrigerant. It has been found from the calculations
that mixture of propane and isobutene (mint gas) is
producing better results than other refrigerants.
R.S.Mishra [15] presents methods for
improving first law and second law efficiency have
using new refrigerants: R134a, R290, R600a,
R1234yf, R502,R404a and R152a and R12, R502.
For exergy and energy analysis six type of vapour
compression refrigeration system have been
considered with using eco-friendly refrigerants with
multi-evaporators, multiple compressors and multiple
expansion valve with parallel and series with
intrercooling and flash chambers. Numerical
computational model have been carried out for the
system. Performance of the system using R600 and
R152a nearly matching same values under the
accuracy of 5 % can be used in the system and
difficulties detected with R600, R290 and R600a
having flammable problems therefore safety
measures are required using these refrigerants,
therefore R134a is recommended for practical and
commercial applications.
Naushad A.A et al. [16] has conducted theoretical
exergy analysis of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze,
both ultra low Global Warming Potential(GWP) and
zero Ozone Depletion Potential(ODP) refrigerants in
simple vapour compression refrigeration system and
comparison of their results with HFC-134a
refrigerant as possible alternative replacements in
Automotive air-conditioning and stationary
refrigeration is presented. Results obtained indicate
that HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze can be good
replacement of R-134a.
III. CONCLUSION
In this paper, review of exergy analysis
method has been studied since then when the word
“exergy” was not in use. From the review it is clear
that application of exergy in various fields are on its
peak. The literature related to exergy analysis of
VCRS is available since last decade only and
particular for chilling plant is rare. Thus, it seems that
there is scope of application of exergy analysis in
chilling plant for analyzing its performance.
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