Vygotsky's social development theory proposes that cognitive development is shaped by social and cultural contexts. The theory emphasizes how children learn from society and focuses on the zone of proximal development (ZPD), defined as the difference between what a child can do independently and with guidance. Within the ZPD, scaffolding from a more skilled peer or adult can help a child develop skills and reach higher levels of understanding. Vygotsky also believed that language and thoughts initially develop separately but later merge during childhood.

1. Presentation
By
Waqar Ahmad

2. Presentation topic
Vygotsky’s social development theory

3. About the Theory
• This theory was given by a Russian
psychologist lev Vygotsky .
• According to this theory children’s cognitive
development is shaped by the cultural
context in which they live.
• He focus on how child learn his culture from
society.
• The important concept of this theory is zone
of proximal development(Z-P-D)and
scaffolding

4. Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
• Z-p-d is basically the distance
between tow level lower & upper
limit
• lower limit: in lower limit the child
can complete the task an also
achieve the goal himself.
• Upper limit: in upper limit the child
can complete the task but with the
help of other assistant or guidance.

5. Scaffolding
• If the more-skilled person
give help between the
distance of zpd this process
is called scaffolding.
• Scaffolding is often used to
help student attain the
upper limits of their zpd.

6. Language and thoughts
• Vygotsky’s said that language and
thoughts initially develop
independently of each other and then
merge.
• He also argued that children who use
private speech arev more socially
competent than those who don’t

7. Thanks…