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VSM and magnetic hysteresis loop.
- 2. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 2 Fig.1- VSM room.
- 3. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 3 Magnet Poles Loudspeaker assembly Oscillating Sample Sample coils Fig. 2- VSM magnetic setup.
- 4. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 4 𝐵 = 𝜇0(𝐻 + 𝑀) H B Magneticinduction Field strenght H M Magnetization Fig.3- B-H and M-H curves.
- 5. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 5 Fig 4- Net magnetization (M), the averaged sum of many individual quantum spins, can be treated as a regular vector in classical physics. 𝑀 = 𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑉
- 6. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 6 Fig. 5- Magnetic Domains
- 7. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 7 Fig. 6- Microcrystalline grains within a piece of Nd2Fe14B (the alloy used in neodymium magnets) with magnetic domains made visible with a Kerr microscope.
- 8. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 8 Fig. 7- Magnetization of domains in an applied magnetic field.
- 9. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 9 Fig. 8- Domain growth and rotation in a ferromagnetic material and the associated magnetization curve M versus H.
- 10. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 10 Fig. 9- Typical magnetization curves of (a) a diamagnetic; (b) a paramagnetic or antiferromagnetic; and (c) a ferromagnetic of ferrimagnetic.
- 11. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 11 Fig. 10- A typical hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic material. Hysteresis loop Saturation Magnetization The Coercivity The Remanence 𝜇′ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 The Hysteresis Loss Initial permiability …
- 12. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 12 Fig. 11- Initial curve and saturation magnetization of a typical hysteresis loop. Saturation magnetization Initial state
- 13. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 13 Fig. 12- Remanent magnetization of a typical hysteresis loop. The remanent
- 14. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 14 Fig. 13- The coercivity of a typical hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic material. The Coercivity
- 15. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 15 Fig. 14- Hysteresis loss. 𝑊ℎ = 𝐻 𝑑𝑀
- 16. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 16 Fig. 15- Work required to saturate a unit volume of ferromagnetic material.
- 17. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 17 Fig. 16- Demagnetizing curve of a permanent magnet.
- 18. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 18 Fig. 17- The power, or energy, required to demagnetize the permanent magnet.
- 19. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 19 Fig. 18- The fourth quadrant of the B-H curve for a permanent magnetic material.
- 20. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 20 Fig. 19- Squareness of a Hysteresis loop.
- 21. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 21 12.5 Oe 125 Oe Hard Magnetic materials Soft Magnetic materials Fig. 20- schematic reprensatation of soft and hard ferromagnetic materials.
- 22. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 22 Fig. 21- Dependdence of the hysteresis loop of iron or steel on hardness caused by the addition of carbon.
- 23. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 23 Fig. 22- Anhystertic magnetization curve The magnetization curve would therefore be reversible.
- 24. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 24 Fig. 23- Magnetization reversibility. M’
- 25. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 25 Fig. 24- Domain growth and rotation in a ferromagnetic material and the associated magnetization curve M versus H.
- 26. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 26 𝐵 = 𝜇0(𝐻 + 𝑀) H B Magneticinduction Field strenght H M Magnetization Fig.25- Permeability. 𝜇 = 𝐵 𝐻
- 27. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 27 Fig. 26–Permiability od different magnetic materials.
- 28. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 28 Empty Space 𝜒 = 0 𝜇 = 1 Fig. 27– Types of magnetism. Ferro- and ferrimagnetic 𝜒 ≫ 𝜇 ≫ Both are functions of H. Diamagnetic 𝜒; 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝜇 = 1− Para- and antiferromagnetic 𝜒; 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝜇 = 1+
- 29. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 29
- 30. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 30 Fig. 28- Schematic reprensatation of the Barkhausen effect. Microstructure of the material and Stress
- 31. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 31 Fig. 29- The effect of temperature on (a) the hysteresis loop and (b) the remenance Remanence is zero.
- 32. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 32 Fig. 30–Influence of temperature on the hysteresis loops near the transition point (Tc=300k).
- 33. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 33 Fig. 31–Hysteresis loops at different temperatures in a) sample No1-Fe3.9Co64.82B10.2Si12Cr9Mo0.08 (Tc=61.5 ℃) and b) sample No2- Fe5Co27.4B12.26Si12.26Ni43.08 (Tc= 48 ℃).
- 34. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 34 Fig. 32–Magnetization of Gd5Si2Ge2 measured from the low temperature FM phase to the high temperature PM phase.
- 35. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 35 Table 1- Curie temperature of some materials
- 36. VSM & Hysteresis Loop 36 Fig. 33-Effect of the tensile stress on the hysteresis loop of the amorphous Co71Fe5B11Si10Cr3 microwire in a glass shell.