“MPLS is that it’s a technique, not a service.”
The fundamental concept behind MPLS is that of labeling packets. In a traditional routed IP network,
each router makes an independent forwarding decision for each packet based solely on the packet’s
network-layer header. Thus, every time a packet arrives at a router, the router has to “think through”
where to send the packet next.
“MPLS is that it’s a technique, not a service.”
The fundamental concept behind MPLS is that of labeling packets. In a traditional routed IP network,
each router makes an independent forwarding decision for each packet based solely on the packet’s
network-layer header. Thus, every time a packet arrives at a router, the router has to “think through”
where to send the packet next.
ION Tokyo, 17 November 2014, slides from Kaname Nishikuza given during the "IPv6 in Asia Pacific: Untangling the Web" panel.
IPv6 has been available from the Regional Internet Registries for over 15 years. How do different types of organizations formulate their plans to deploy IPv6, and what’s taking so long? Will reliance on Carrier Grade NATs (CGNs) affect the development and accessibility of the Internet in Asia Pacific?
Panelists will discuss IPv6 vs. CGNs: issues, problems and solutions. The discussion will also encompass panelists’ experiences deploying IPv6 in Asia Pacific; the technical, organizational, and political challenges they face, and the current status of their deployments.
What may economists be concerned about in terms of information health?Toshiya Jitsuzumi
Presentation at the side event of GPAI summit 2022
Informational health is an experimental concept proposed by Prof. Toriumi of the University of Tokyo and Prof. Yamamoto of Keio University. Although a detailed definition has not yet been reached, it implies a state of being free from the negative effects of echo chambers and filter bubbles and have access to diverse and "neutral" information.
4. ⽇本の状況
T. JITSUZUMI@Okinawa ICT Forum 2022 (Minami-daitojima, 2022/11/10)
出典:我が国のインターネットにおけるトラヒックの集計・試算ー2022年5月のトラヒックの集計結果の公表ー
5. ネットビデオを巡るビジネスモデル
T. JITSUZUMI@Okinawa ICT Forum 2022 (Minami-daitojima, 2022/11/10)
出典:”Report for Ofcom: Digital Comms Value
Chains” (analysys mason, 2022)
(https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0
020/244262/digital-communication-value-
chain.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2RFelvEaQ7t4gClJOpFMWiEyslC
VEYUCJavM1Q_K--e75Dvxnv-wBMJTg)
7. SPNP(Sending Party Network Pays)を追求する韓国
韓国電気通信事業法第39条(相互接続)
① 電気通信事業者は、他事業者が電気通信設備の相互接続を要請すれば、協定を締結して相互接続を許容することができる。
② 科学技術情報通信部⻑官は第1項にともなう相互接続の範囲・条件などに関する基準を定め告⽰する。 <改正2013.3.23.、
2017.7.26.>
③ …基幹通信事業者は、第1項の要請を受ければ、協定を締結して相互接続を許容しなければならない。
電気通信設備の相互接続基準[施⾏2020.3.6]
第44条(接続料算定原則等)
③ 科学技術情報通信部⻑官はインターネット接続市場の独占価格形成を防⽌し、上位レイヤ階層事業者の市場⽀配⼒乱⽤
防⽌のために接続通信料率上限、接続通信料精算除外区間設定など接続料算定⽅式を決めることができる。
第45条(接続回線費⽤等)
① インターネット接続回線費⽤は次の各号のように負担する。
◦ 同⼀レイヤ間:接続事業者間でそれぞれ1/2ずつ負担
◦ 異なるレイヤ間:低レイヤ事業者が負担。
第46条(接続通信料精算)
① インターネット接続通信料は、次の各号のように精算する。
◦ 同⼀レイヤ間:相互精算
◦ 他のレイヤ間:低レイヤ事業者が⾼レイヤ事業者に⽀払
T. JITSUZUMI@Okinawa ICT Forum 2022 (Minami-daitojima, 2022/11/10)
出典︓Kim(2020)
20. 参考⽂献
Jitsuzumi, Toshiya, Economic Impact of Asymmetric Paid Peering: Implications of the Netflix vs. SK Broadband Dispute
(August 1, 2022). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4178217 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4178217
Kende, M. and Abecassis, D. (2020) “IP Interconnection on the Internet: a White Paper,” Analysys Mason, 2020,
https://www.analysysmason.com/consulting-redirect/reports/ip-interconnection-korea-white-paper/
Nikkhah, Ali and Jordan, Scott, Are the Settlement-Free Peering Policy Requirements for ISPs and CDNs Based on Network
Costs? (August 1, 2022). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4178682 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4178682
Park, K.S., and Nelson, M.R. (2021) “Koreaʼs Challenge to the Standard Internet Interconnection Model,” in E.A.
Feigenbaum and M.R. Nelson (eds.) The Korean Way with Data: How the Worldʼs Most Wired Country is Forging a Third
Way, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
T. JITSUZUMI@Okinawa ICT Forum 2022 (Minami-daitojima, 2022/11/10)