Now that LTE networks have been rolled out by most of the service providers in the world, the next objective for operators is the migration of the voice service to the LTE network. This migration is known as Voice over LTE or VoLTE. VoLTE brings the two sides of the same coin. On the one hand, VoLTE is bringing multiple benefits for service providers (spectrum efficiency, high quality voice, OPEX & CAPEX reduction, etc) but on the other hand, VoLTE service is also bringing some challenges. Those challenges have an special impact on the Policy Management solutions currently deployed for Data Services as this node becomes a critical node in the network for VoLTE. Policy Management plays a significant role in VoLTE and becomes a mandatory node in the network. This node is responsible for establishing and releasing, on behalf of the IMS domain, the bearer required to accommodate voice traffic. Additionally, VoLTE is defining some stringent requirements for Policy Management solutions. This week I spoke at the Policy Control 2014 conference in Berlin on VoLTE, a Game Changer for Policy. Find out more information on Cisco’s Quantum Policy Suite for mobile: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/wireless/quantum-policy-suite-mobile/index.html . You can also view the blog about this here: http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/volte-a-game-changer-for-policy/ .

1. Alfonso San José
Consulting Systems Engineer, Quantum Policy
April 7th-9th, 2014 - Berlin
Policy Control & Data Pricing Conference
VoLTE – A game changer for Policy
Tony Bobowicz
Regional Sales Manager, Quantum Policy

2. Cisco Public 2© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Presentation Flow
VoLTE Overview
VoLTE PCRF Challenges
VoLTE PCRF Network Insertion

3. Cisco Public 3© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE Benefits for Service Provides
Concept Factor Benefit
Business Critical In 2017 still
50% of SP revenue from Voice
Globally $ 600b
Revenue
Spectrum Efficiency 2x Number of Calls
50%-100% Data capacity increase
CAPEX
OPEX
Simplification Data and Voice on same network
50% O&M Cost reduction
CAPEX
OPEX
Lower Call setup time CSFB = 5 second delay Quality of Experience
Revenue (OTT threat)
High Quality Voice Better bandwidth use
QoS vs Best Effort
Quality of Experience
Revenue (OTT threat)
New Services Voice & Video & Chat integration Revenue

4. Cisco Public 4© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
EPC
VoLTE APN & Bearers
GSMA IR.92
IMS
PGW
IMS (SIP)
Client
• A dedicated “IMS” APN is used for VoLTE traffic
Typically established during initial attach as default APN
• Default bearer for SIP signaling, dedicated bearers established only for the duration of
the voice/video call for RTP traffic
PCRF initiated Dedicated Bearers activation based on P-CSCF request for media session
• Voice call can be transferred to CS (SRVCC)
Default bearer, QCI=5 (SIP Signaling)
Dedicated Bearer, QCI=1 (RTP Voice)
PCRF
Dedicated Bearer, QCI=2 (RTP Video)
P-CSCF
AGW
Gx
Rx
(SIP)
(RTP)
APN “IMS”
Typical IMS Appl. Servers (AS):
- TAS/MMTel Telephony AS (VoIP)
- IP SM GW (SMS)
- IM-SSF (IN interwork)
AS
S-CSCF

5. Cisco Public 5© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE is a Game changer for Policy
 PCRF becomes mandatory in a network
 Dedicated Bearer Establishment / Release
 Gateway between IMS Core and Packet Core
 Dedicated Bearer Establishment Allocation Status
 Network Provided Location Information
 Charging parameters
 Emergency Calls
 Supplementary Services ; Media Flows Add / Delete
 VoLTE introduces a set of challenges for PCRF suppliers
 Scalability
 Latency
 Session Correlation
 Resiliency - Geographic Redundancy

6. Cisco Public 6© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE Challenges - Scalability
 Requirements for a VoLTE PCRF
 High Transaction rate capacity
 Cost effective scalability
0
2
4
6
8
Data VoLTE
• TPS Comparison
3m subscribers
Data Services vs VoLTE
3x/4x TPS
3x/4x
 Key Factors to evaluate
 Capacity ? Linear scalability ?
 DRA required to scale ?
 Redundancy Model ? N+1, 1+1 ?
 Virtualized ?

7. Cisco Public 7© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE Challenges - Latency
 Requirements for a VoLTE PCRF
 Low latency as multiple transactions
 Low latency even at high TPS rates
VoLTE Data• Latency Figures
Data Services vs VoLTE
100 ms vs 10 ms
 Key Factor to evaluate
 Latency of PCRF ?
 DRA required ?
 Latency introduced by DRA ?

8. Cisco Public 8© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE Challenges – Session Correlation
 Requirements for a VoLTE PCRF
 Solution capable of applying Diameter
session correlation
• Diameter Connections
Data PCRF
PCEF
VoLTE PCRF
PCEF AF
 Key Factors to evaluate
 DRA required for Session Correlation ?

9. Cisco Public 9© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE Challenges – Resiliency
 Requirements for a VoLTE PCRF
 Voice calls shall persist in case of site failover
 Session replication between sites is mandatory
Data 2G / 3G
• High
Availability
Data 4G
• High
Availability
VoLTE
• Geographic
Redundancy
 Key Factors to evaluate
 Geo Red ? Geo Red model ?
 HW / SW impact ?
 Redundancy Model ?

10. Cisco Public 10© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
VoLTE PCRF Network Insertion
 Functional separation
 Data Services provided by Data PCRF (Default APN)
 VoLTE Service provided by VoLTE PCRF (IMS APN)
 Deployment Options
 Functional separation done by PGW
 Functional separation done by High Order PCRF

11. Cisco Public 11© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Functional separation at PGW
3G / 4G
GGSN / PGW
Internet
Diameter Gx
(Default APN) Diameter Gx
(IMS APN)
Data Services
PCRF
Performance
Mmgt
Fault
Management
AF
VoLTE Service
PCRF
Diameter Rx
UDR
LDAP SNMP

12. Cisco Public 12© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Functional separation by High Order PCRF
3G / 4G
GGSN / PGW
Internet
Diameter Gx
(Default APN)
Diameter Gx
Data Services
PCRF
Configuration
Mgmt
Performance
Mmgt
Fault
Management
AF
High Order &
VoLTE PCRF
Diameter Rx
UDR
LDAPSOAP / XML SNMP

13. Cisco Public 13© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Summary
 VoLTE is here and it is for good !!!
 It is time to re-evaluate Policy Management solutions
 Clean separation in Policy for Data and VoLTE Services

14. Cisco Public 14© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/wireless/quantum-policy-suite-
mobile/index.html
 http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/mobile-
internet/index.html
 http://blogs.cisco.com/sp/volte-a-game-changer-for-policy/
For More Information…

15. Thank you.