The document discusses genitourinary tract infections and the use of volatile essential oils to treat them. It provides an overview of common infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital tract infections (GTIs) in both males and females. Specific essential oils are examined for their antimicrobial properties against common pathogens. Oregano, frankincense and tea tree oils show effectiveness against E. coli. Pulsatilla is used traditionally to treat epididymitis. Melissa has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. Couchgrass is used for prostate enlargement. Hormonal imbalances are also discussed and clary sage is examined as an oil that can help balance hormones.

1. VOLATILE OILS USED IN
GENITOURINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS Under supervision of
Dr.

2. Objectives
•Pathological overview
•Essential oils for UTI
•Essential oils for GTI:
1. Female genital tract diseases
2. Male genital tract diseases
•Hormonal imbalance
•Final thoughts

3. • Genitourinary tract infections are among the most infectious diseases
with a financial burden on society.
• In the USA, UTIs are responsible for over 7 million physician visits
annually.
• Approximately 15% of all community-prescribed antibiotics in the USA
are dispensed for UTI, at an estimated annual cost of over US $1
billion.
History of
genitourinary tract infections

4. A. urinary tract infection (UTI)
◦ A urinary tract infection is
caused by bacteria or fungi
which can reach the urinary
by haematogenous, lymphatic
spread, or through the urethra
which is the most common
pathway for E. coli and other
enteric organisms.

5. Symptoms of UTI
• urinary frequency.
• Burning with urination
• Some pain above the pubic bone or
in the lower back.
• People with an upper urinary tract
infection may experience flank pain,
fever, or nausea and vomiting.
• Rarely the urine may appear bloody
or contain visible pus.

6. UTI complications
• Permanent kidney damage or
pyelonephritis.
• Sepsis and that When the infection
spreads into the bloodstream.
• Risk of prostatitis.
• A risk of delivering a low birthweight or
premature baby in case of pregnant
woman.
• Probability of high blood pressure and
anemia.

7. B. Genital Tract Infections (GTIs)
• Some RTIs (such as syphilis and gonorrhoea) are sexually
transmitted (i.e. Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV and
others).
• Others are endogenous like Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis
and iatrogenic.
GTIs are genital infections affect both women and men.

8. The complications for women are more common and more
severe.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Infertility (in women and men)
• Ectopic pregnancy and others

9. Symptoms of GTIs:
In female In male
Swelling of vulva Pain and Burning while passing urine.
Burning urination Increase in frequency of urination.
Foul vaginal discharge which may be yellow
or greenish
Yellow pus like discharge at the beginning of
urination.
Chronic pain in pelvic region It can lead to swelling in testis and prostate.

10. Treatment
In most cases multiple doses of antibiotics are
described. However, with growing antibiotic-resistant
bacteria:
Essential oils used as a replacement therapy.

11. ◦ Some essential oils such as Rose and jasmine have strengthening
effect as well as helping to compact specific complaints like menstrual
problems, genital infections.
◦ Other oils contain plant hormones which mimic the human hormones;
oils such as hops, sage and fennel have been found to contain a form of
estrogen.

12. Antimicrobial activity of EOs
◦ some E.Os' action like oregano and thyme
E.Os results in:
◦ release of the LP cell
membrane permeability & ATP loss.
◦ Others like carvacrol and p-cymene
Disturbance of protein synthesis
unlike other EOs which target the quorum sensing
(a process involved in biofilm production, motility ,
swarming and virulence).

13. Objectives
•Pathological overview
•Essential oils for UTI
•Essetial oils for GTI:
• Male genital system
• Female genital system
•Hormonal imbalance
•Final thoughts

14. Essential oils for UTI
Oregano Essential Oil
Origin
Volatile oil from flowering tops of Origanum
vulgare. Family: Labiatae
Isolation and components of the oil
by steam distillation.
Its main components
71% carvacrol, 3% thymol, gamma
terpinene, para-cymene, and beta-
caryophyllene.

15. Carvacrol is an imp. component and has
powerful antimicrobial properties.
It breaks the outer cell membranes that
help protect bacteria from your immune
system.
Oregano Essential Oil (cont.)

16. Oregano Essential Oil (cont.)
Biological action
◦Oil is active against Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
◦It inhibits the growth with different
patterns of resistance.
◦Strains of E coli are more sensitive to the
oil.

17. Oregano Essential Oil (cont.)
Blend remedy
◦ Plants used with oregano:
Shield, Oregano and Frankincense with amounts of 6 drops, 6 drops and 2 drops
respectively.
◦ Oregano oil can either be applied topically or ingested:
◦ Fill a gel capsule with the oils and take one capsule 3 times a day
◦ For discomfort or pain, combine one drop Shield with one drop Oregano; apply
as a hot compress over abdomen.
For preparation:

18. Oregano Essential Oil (cont.)
Some side effects
◦ Stomach upset.
◦ Allergic reactions may occur to those have allergy to Lamiaceae
family.
◦ In case of Pregnant or nursing women, using oregano oil can
encourage blood circulation within the uterus, which deteriorates
the lining that encompasses the fetus within the womb.
Oregano oil is meant for short-term use only (7- 10 days)

19. Frankincense essential oil
Origin
• Sourced from the resin of
the Boswellia carterii or Boswellia
sacara tree
Family: Burseraceae
Extraction
• By steam distillation from the oleo
gum resin.

20. Frankincense essential oil (cont.)
Chemical composition
◦ The main chemical components:
◦ a-pinene, actanol, linalool, octyl acetate, bornyl
acetate, incensole and incensyl acetate.
Action:
◦ The oil has antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli, P.
aeruginosa and three strains of S. aureus.
◦ Inhibitory activity were found against all
pathogens.

21. Objectives
◦Pthological overview
◦Essential oils for UTI
◦Essential oils for GTI:
1.Female genital tract diseases
2. Male genital tract diseases
◦Hormonal imbalance
◦Final thoughts

22. Essential oils for GTI
Female problems
• Vaginal yeast infections are caused by the fungus Candida albicans.
• At least 3 out of 4 women will experience a yeast infection at one
point in their lives
• Tea tree (melaleuca) oil have been proved affective against Candida
albicans.
Vaginal
Candidiasis

23. Tea Tree Essential Oil
Origin
Volatile oil from the leaves of Melaleuca
alternifolia.
Family: Myrtaceae.
◦ Composed of terpene hydrocarbons Terpinen-
4-ol (48%).
◦ mainly monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and
their associated alcohols.

24. Isolation of the oil
• by steam distillation of the leaves.
• Alternative extraction methods such as the use of microwave technology.
Once condensed, the clear to pale yellow oil is separated from the aqueous distillate.
Yield: 1 to 2% of wet plant material.
Germinated conidia are significantly more susceptible to Tea tree oil
than non-germinated conidia. So, the intact conidial wall confers
considerable protection.
Tea Tree Essential Oil (cont.)

25. Tea Tree Essential Oil (cont.)
Pharmacological action & S.Es
• The oil increases the membrane fluidity of C. albicans cells.
• Inhibits respiration in C. albicans by:
• 95% after treatment with 1.0% Tea tree oil.
• 40% after treatment with 0.25% Tea tree oil
◦Side effects
Oral admin. has caused confusion, inability to walk, unsteadiness, rash, and
coma.

26. Tea Tree Essential Oil (cont.)
How to use?
Douche
1. Mix 1 drop tea tree essential oil and 1 drop lavender essential oil with
1 tsp. cidervinegar.
2. Allow the essential oils to dissolve in the vinegar, which takes a few
minutes.
3. Pour the mixture into 2 c. warm water.
4. Pour the liquid into a douche bag.
5. Shake the contents and perform the douche.

27. Objectives
◦Pthological overview
◦Essential oils for UTI
◦Essential oils for GTI:
1. Female genital tract diseases
2. Male genital tract diseases
◦Hormonal imbalance
◦Final thoughts

28. Male genital tract diseases
◦ Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis which
is a tube located at the back of the testicles that stores
and carries sperm.
◦ When this tube becomes swollen, it can cause pain and
swelling in the testicles.
◦ Complications are rare, but can include infertility and
death of testicular tissue.
1. EPIDIDYMITIS

29. Plants used in EPIDIDYMITIS
Origin:
The volatile oil obtained from whole plant
of Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill.
Family : Ranunculaceae
Pulsatilla

30. Constituents
◦ The Volatile oils Ranunculin (a glycoside); enzymatic hydrolysis yields
the unstable lactone protoanemonin which readily dimerises to
anemonin.
Pulsatilla (cont.)

31. Prepare of the plant & Dosage
For oral administration (adults):
◦ Dried herb 0.12–0.3 g as an infusion or
decoction three times daily.
◦ Liquid extract 0.12–0.3 mL (1 : 1 in 25%
alcohol) three times daily.
◦ Tincture 0.3–1.0 mL (1 : 10 in 40% alcohol)
three times daily.
Pulsatilla (cont.)

32. Biological action
◦ Utero-activity (stimulant and depressant) has been
documented for pulsatilla.
◦ In vivo sedative and antipyretic properties for anemonin and
protoanemonin.
◦ Cytotoxicity (KB tumour system) for anemonin.
◦ Pulsatilla also used as analgesic, antispasmodic and have
bactericidal properties specifically for painful conditions of
the male or female infections of reproductive system.
Pulsatilla (cont.)

33. Side effects & toxicity
• Fresh pulsatilla is poisonous because of the toxic volatile oil
component, protoanemonin.
• Protoanemonin rapidly degrades to the non-toxic anemonin.
• Inhalation of vapor from the volatile oil may cause irritation of
the nasal mucosa and conjunctiva.
• Allergic reactions: patch tests have produced vesicular reactions
with hyperpigmentation.
Pulsatilla (cont.)Pulsatilla (cont.)

34. • A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a herpes
simplex virus (HSV).
• It causes sores on genital or rectal area . The virus can
spread even when sores are not present.
• Mothers infects their babies during childbirth.
• The virus is more serious in newborn babies or in people
with weak immune systems.
2. Genital herpes

35. Origin
The volatile oil of Dried leaves and
flowering tops of Melissa officinalis L.
Family : Labiatae/ Lamiaceae
Plants used in Genital herpes
Melissa

36. Constituents
The oil Contains at least 70 components,
including:
◦ monoterpenes >60%. Mainly aldehydes,
including citronellal, geranial, neral; also
citronellol, geraniol, nerol, b-ocimene.
◦ Sesquiterpenes >35%. b-Caryophyllene,
germacrene D.
Melissa (cont.)

37. Preparation of plant and Dosage
For oral administration (adults):
◦ Dried herb 1.5–4.5 g as an infusion in 150 mL
water.
Dose: several times daily.
◦ Topical application Cream containing 1% of a
lyophilized aqueous extract of dried leaves of
Melissa officinalis (70 : 1).
Dose: two to four times daily.
Melissa (cont.)

38. Biological action
◦ Antiviral activity of the aqueous extract inhibits the development of several viruses
especially Hsv-1.
◦ using MT-4 cells; the ED50 (50% effective dose for inhibition of HIV-1-induced cyto
pathogenicity) was found to be 16 mg/ml.
◦ The extract has potent inhibitory activity (ED50 = 62mg/mL) against HIV-1 replication
(KK-1 strain, freshly isolated from a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS).
◦ It also inhibits giant cell formation in co-cultures of MOLT-4 cells with and without HIV-1
infection, and showed inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (ED50 = 1.6
mg/mL).
Melissa (cont.)

39. Side Effects & contraindications
◦ No S.Es are documented.
◦ The plant can interact with other medicines administered
concurrently, particularly those with similar or opposing effects.
◦ Oral admin. Or topical use during pregnancy should be avoided.
Melissa (cont.)

40. 3. prostate Enlargement
(Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
◦ A non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland, which
is located just below a man’s bladder, surrounding the
urethra.
◦ There are a number of medications that are effective, but
they can cause unpleasant side effects. Vitamin and herbal
supplements can also help.
◦

41. Plants used in prostate Enlargement
Origin
◦ The volatile oil extracted from the
rhizome of Elymus repens.
Family: Gramineae.
Couchgrass

42. constituents
mainly of the monoterpenes
• Agropyrene (95%).
• Carvacrol, trans-anethole, carvone,
thymol, menthol, menthone and p-
cymene and three sesquiterpenes.
Couchgrass (cont.)

43. Preparation of the plant and Dosage
Dosages for oral administration (adults):
• Dried rhizome 4- 8 g as an decoction.
Dose: three times daily.
• Liquid extract 4- 8 mL (1 : 1 in 25%
alcohol)
Dose: three times daily.
• Tincture 5-15mL (1 : 5 in 40% alcohol)
Dose: three times daily.
Couchgrass (cont.)

44. Pharmacological action
◦ Used as diuretic for cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, benign
prostatic hypertrophy.
◦ For renal calculus and lithuria.
◦ As sedative and has antibiotic activity attributed to
agropyrene and its oxidation product.
◦ An ethanolic extract was found to exhibit only weak inhibition
(14%) of carrageenan-induced inflammation.
Couchgrass (cont.)

45. Side-effects & Contra-indications
• None documented, However, the plant preparation may
interact with other medicines of similar or opposing effects.
• Its diuretic action is unclear yet.
• The plant avoided in Pregnancy and lactation.
Couchgrass (cont.)

46. Objectives
◦Pathological overview
◦Essential oils for UTI
◦Essential oils for GTI:
1. Female genital tract diseases
2. Male genital tract diseases
◦Hormonal imbalance
◦Final thoughts

47. Hormone Imbalance
Hormonal balance is vital to a healthy but can be disrupted in many
ways.
The female endocrine system (hormonal system) is very sensitive to
stress That could be:
◦ Stress dietary
◦ emotional stress
◦ chronic stress
Under this stress, the cortisol levels rise, causing drops in estrogen
and progesterone

48. This change of estrogen level called
hormones imbalance:
◦ occurs Especially during puberty, menstruation,
pregnancy or in menopause.
◦ causes menstrual irregularities, weight gain,
estrogen dominance, and infertility.

49. Phyto-hormonal Essential Oils Meant to
Boost Hormone balance
◦ Some plants has hormones that mimic human ones
Clary-sage– Geranium– Lavender.
◦ Essential oils Stimulates the pituitary gland, which
regulates ovulatory and sex hormone functions.
↓↓↓
By HPO Regulators (Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian)
influence these inter-hormonal processes

50. Origin
Volatile oil from fresh flowering tops
and leaves of Saliva sclerea.
Family : Labiatae
Isolation of oil
It was originally extracted usind steam
distillation methods.
CLARY SAGA
Hormone Imbalance (cont.)

51. Constituents
• Ester (Linalyl acetate) 78.76%
• Monoterpenols (11.3%)
• Sesquiterperes (1.87 %)
Linalool
Linalyl acetate
CLARY SAGA (cont.)

52. Origin
Volatile oil from fresh flowering tops of
Lavandula officinalis Family Labiatae.
Constituents
30-40 % esters:
linalyl acetate , linalool ,limonene ,pinene.
Isolation of Lavander
By liquid or supercritical CO2 extractions.
Lavender

53. Other Essential oil called phytoestrogen similar to
estrogen in our bodies. E.g hope and fennel.
It binds to estrogen receptor and act as dietary
supplement to provide similar benefits to hormone
replacement therapy (HRT).
Another hormonal action

54. •Origin
Volatile oil from the dried fruit of Foeniculum
Fennel

55. Extraction Methods
Microwave assisted extraction and supercritical fluid
extraction:
• MAE gave higher percentage of Fenchone (28%)
• SFE gave the highest percentage of anethol (72%) at
pressures of 200 bar and temperature of 50 °C
Fennel (cont.)

56. Estrogen-like compounds in fennel
(Anethole & Photoanethole & Dihormones)
Fennel use as a treatment for lactation problems, infertility and
pregnancy complications.
Anethole Estrogen
Fennel (cont.)

57. A third hormonal related action
[ oxygenation of cells ]
1. oils contain sesquiterpines cross "blood-brain barrier”
2. At the base of the brain the molecules absorb quickly
oxygenate pituitary glands in the brain directly and the rest of the body
through the blood.
Essential oils
Cedarwood & Frankincense & Sandalwood

58. • Origin
Volatile oil from dried heartwood of Santalum albm.
Family: Santalacea.
• Constituents
90% total alcohol as santalol (sesquiterpene).
α-Santalol β-Santalol
about 55% about 20%
Sandelwood

59. Testosterone production
The oil stimulates the
hypothalamus releases a
substance to the pituitary gland
called gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH).

60. Idaho Blue Spruce
Origin
◦ It is volatile oil from Branches,
needles and twigs of Picea pungens.
Family: Pinaceae
Isolation:
◦ by fractional distillation from all tree
parts.

61. Constituents
◦ Alpha-pinene (40%)
◦ limonene(25%)
class: cyclic terpene
Idaho Blue Spruce (cont.)

62. Pharmaceutical preparation
Dose:
◦ 2 or 3 drops several times daily under tongue
Clary saga
By aromatherapy inhaling will oxygenate and stimulate the brain to
release LH.
Volatile oils are drawn up into the nasal cavity, carried through the nasal
mucosa, and taken directly to the hypothalamus.
Idaho Blue Spruce (cont.)

63. Pharmaceutical prepration for
general hygiene
GOLD Plus Cleanser
Product Ingredients
Menthol-Thymol-Chamomile Extract-Tea Tree Oil-
Borax
Preparation
Provided measure is filled (1 - 2 times) then diluted
with water.
Dose
using twice daily.
For external use only

64. Final thoughts
To keep your urinary system healthy
◦ Don’t wait too long to use the
restroom.
◦ Pay close attention to hygiene
◦ Avoid carbonated and caffeinated
drinks and alcoholic drinks.

65. Finally, stay hydrated.
Water detox the body
and keep your kidneys
clear.

66. Thanks for your kind listening
Presented by
Reem Mahrous Mohamed
Reham Gamal El-deen
Raef Eid
Romany Nabil
Reem Yaseen
Rafik Refat
Romany El-noby
Reem Ahmed
Reem Gamal