5. Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant
or young child with breast milk directly
from female human breasts (i.e., Via
lactation) not from a baby bottle or other
container.
6. EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
No food or liquid other than
breast milk, not even water,
is given to the infant from
birth by the mother, health
care provider, or family
member/supporter.
7. TOTAL BREAST MILK
No food or liquid other
than breast milk, not
even water, is given to
the infant from birth by
the mother, health care
provider, or family
member/supporter
during the past 7 days.
8. PREDOMINANT BREAST MILK
Breast milk, given by the mother, health care provider,
or family member/supporter plus 1 or a maximum of 2
feeds of any food or liquid including non-human milk,
during the past 7 days.
9. PARTIAL BREAST MILK
Breast milk, given by the mother, health care
provider, or family member/supporter plus 3
or more feeds of any food or liquid including
non-human milk, during the past 7 days.
15. 1. Breastfeeding should be initiated within first half
an hour to one hour of birth or as soon as possible. It
should be initiated within 4 hours after caesarean
section delivery.
2. Early sucking provides warmth security and
‘colostrum’ the baby’s first immunization.
16. 3. Although little in amount, the first milk, colostrum, is
most suitable and contains a high concentration of protein
and other nutrients, the baby needs. It is rich in anti-
infective factors and protects the baby from respiratory
infections and diarrheal diseases.
4. Mothers should be demonstrated about the techniques of
breastfeeding’s. Rooming-in or bedding-in should be done
with infant and mother as soon as possible to prevent
separation.
17. 5. Mother should be advised for exclusive
breastfeeding up to 4 to 6 months and as demand
feeding.
6. No food or drink other than breast milk should be
given to neonates. No water, glucose water, animal
milk, gripe water, indigenous medicines, vitamins and
minerals drops or syrup should be given. No bottle
and pacifier are allowed
18. 7. In case of preterm babies or sick babies,
being in special care unit, they should be
fed with expressed breast milk (EBM).
8. Nursing staff is responsible to ensure
that nothing except breast milk is given.
19. 9. Mother should be instructed to assess the
indicators of adequacy of breastfeeding and
importance of increasing her own dietary intake
with extra 550 cal and to drink fluids in
response to her thirst.
10. Rest and relaxation of mother are important
for recovery from delivery and successful
lactation in postnatal period.
22. MACRONUTRIENT
(PER100ML)
COLOSTRUM MATURE MILK
Energy 58 Kcal 58-72 Kcal
Total Protein 2.3 g 0.9 g
IgA 364 mg 142 mg
Casein 140 mg 187 mg
Lactoferrin 330 mg 167 mg
Lactalbumin 218 mg 161 mg
Total Fat 2.9 g 4.2 g
Lactose 5.3 g 7.0 g
Cholesterol 27 mg 16 mg
24. STORAGE OF BREAST MILK:-
Human milk can be stored at room temperature for 6-8 hours.
Expressed milk can be stored in an insulated cooler bag with icepacks for
24hours.
Breast milk can be stored in the refrigerator for about 5 days at about 40°
F.
It can also be kept in a freezer compartment of a fridge for up to two
weeks at 0 - 5°F.
It can be stored in a deep freezer for about 3-12 month.
34. Infants with Special Dietary Requirements:-
• Galatosemia
• Phenylketonuria – may be partially breastfed
Maternal Infectious Disease:-
• Cytomegalovirus – may or may not breastfeed depending on individual
circumstances
• Herpes – if active on breast, may use other breast if not affected
• HIV – may or may not breastfeed depending on individual
circumstances, the virus that causes AIDS, because there is a risk of
passing the virus through human milk.
• Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 or 2 infection
• Tuberculosis – if not contagious or may resume feeding after two weeks
of treatment
35. Maternal Drugs:-
• Chemotherapy agents – certain agents, discontinue
breastfeeding for as long as they remain in the milk
• Drugs of abuse – discontinue breastfeeding until drugs are out
of maternal system
• Primaquine and Quinine – contraindicated if either infant or
mother has G6PD
• Metronidazole – discontinue breastfeeding until at least 12-24
hours after medication
• Sulpha drugs – may be a problem in infants with jaundice or
G6PD, stressed or premature
• Radioactive isotope – discontinue breastfeeding for as long as
the radioactivity is in the milk
36. THEMES: -
Past themes have included
1992 BABY-FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE (BFHI)
1993 MOTHER-FRIENDLY WORKPLACE INITIATIVE (MFWI)
1994 PROTECT BREASTFEEDING: MAKING THE CODE WORK
1995 BREASTFEEDING: EMPOWERING WOMEN
1996 BREASTFEEDING: A COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITY
1997 BREASTFEEDING: NATURE'S WAY
1998 BREASTFEEDING: THE BEST INVESTMENT
1999 BREASTFEEDING: EDUCATION FOR LIFE
2000 BREASTFEEDING: IT'S YOUR RIGHT
37. 2001 BREASTFEEDING IN THE INFORMATION AGE
2002 BREASTFEEDING: HEALTHY MOTHERS AND HEALTHY BABIES
2003 BREASTFEEDING IN A GLOBALISED WORLD FOR PEACE AND JUSTICE
2004 EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING: THE GOLD STANDARD -
............ SAFE, SOUND, SUSTAINABLE
2005 BREASTFEEDING AND FAMILY FOODS: LOVING & HEALTHY -
......... FEEDING OTHER FOODS WHILE BREASTFEEDING IS CONTINUED
2006 CODE WATCH - 25 YEARS OF PROTECTING BREASTFEEDING
2007 BREASTFEEDING: THE 1ST HOUR - SAVE ONE MILLION BABIES!
............
2008 MOTHER SUPPORT: GOING FOR THE GOLD EVERYONE WINS!
............
2009 BREASTFEEDING: A VITAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE
............
2010 BREASTFEEDING, JUST 10 STEPS! - THE BABY FRIENDLY WAY
2011 TALK TO ME! BREASTFEEDING - A 3D EXPERIENCE
2012 UNDERSTANDING THE PAST- PLANNING THE FUTURE
2013 BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT: CLOSE TO MOTHERS
Breastfeeding is the best natural feeding and breast milk is best milk.
The basic food of infant is mother’s milk. Breastfeeding is the most effective way to provide a baby with a caring environment and complete food. It meets the nutritional as well as emotional and psychological needs of the infant. But there is tendency to replace the natural means of infant feeding and introduction of breast milk substitutes. So breastfeeding deserves encouragement from all concerned in the welfare of children.
UNICEF stated that every year one million infants die and millions of others are impaired, because they are not adequately breastfed. Every day between 3000 to 4000 infants die from diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections because the ability to feed them adequately has been taken away from their mothers.
Thousands more succumb to other illness and malnutrition. Breastfeeding is now an endangered practice around the world, in both rich and poor countries. There is unanimous agreement on the need for, and the route to, global support for breastfeeding through various approaches and programs. Baby friendly hospital initiative is one of the important interventions towards that goal.
Breast milk is the milk produced by a lactating female.
Breastfeeding should commence as soon as possible after giving birth and every 1 to 3 hours per 24 hours (8-12 times
Per 24 hours). Babies should be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months and continued with weaning until 12 months and further on, depending on the situation of the mother and child.
The first and the foremost 100% pointer that goes in the favour of breast milk is that it creates a special bonding experience between the mother and child, which is unparalleled, and it provides a special nutrition to the infant.
Breast milk is a complete food for the infant. The nutritional profile of breast milk in terms of calories, vitamins, and minerals is the BEST for the infant as it has the perfect proportion of them all. From antibodies which protect an infant at birth, to the exclusive nutrients in mothers’ milk which prevent a number of childhood diseases, the benefits of breastfeeding are incalculable.
The uniqueness and precious nature of breast milk is enhanced by the fact that it is an asset given by nature and has no price. There is no need to worry about infection or temperature or freshness. Young mothers often misled to believe that infant feeding formula does very well as a replacement for breast milk. However, nothing can duplicate the properties of breast milk, no matter how many vitamins, minerals and other supplements are added to what is basically a chemical formulation.
The complex physiology of breastfeeding includes a delicate balance of hormones. There are four hormones that help breasts make milk: oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin. Body naturally knows how to adjust the level of these hormones to help breasts make milk.
Estrogen and progesterone prepare breasts to make milk. These hormones are released by the placenta during pregnancy. They have two major roles. They increase the size and number of milk ducts in breasts. They also keep body from making large amounts of breast milk until after baby is born. Once baby is born and the placenta is delivered, these hormones decrease. This decrease signals body that it is time to make milk.
Prolactin helps breasts make milk. After the birth of baby, prolactin levels increase. Every time breastfeed or pump, body releases prolactin. With each release, body makes and stores more milk in the breast alveoli. If the level of this hormone gets too low, milk supply will decrease. This is why it is important to breastfeed or pump right after delivery and then at regular time frames.
Oxytocin releases milk from breasts. When baby (or breast pump) begins to suck and draw nipple into her mouth, this hormone is released. This release causes milk to be squeezed out of the alveoli, into the ducts and out of nipple, into baby’s mouth. This process is called let down or milk ejection reflex (MER).
