Voglibose
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Voglibose is an α-glucosidase inhibitor discovered in 1981 in Japan that is used to treat postprandial hyperglycemia by reversibly inhibiting the intestinal enzyme α-glucosidase and preventing increases in blood glucose levels after meals. It was commercially available starting in 1995 and manufacturing information such as processes, materials, and market players are available from the source cited.
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Voglibose
Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to lower post-meal blood glucose levels in people with diabetes by delaying the absorption of glucose in the intestine. It was developed by Takeda Pharma and works by inhibiting the enzymes that break down carbohydrates, which prevents sudden spikes in blood glucose after eating. Potential side effects include flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It is contraindicated in people with inflammatory bowel disease or those predisposed to intestinal obstruction.
Glucosidase
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by reducing the amount of glucose absorbed from food in the intestines, preventing sharp rises in blood sugar after meals. Two common alpha-glucosidase inhibitors available in the US are Precose and Glyset. They should not be used by those with gastrointestinal diseases or severe kidney disease due to potential side effects like gas, diarrhea, and abnormal liver function tests. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors help control blood sugar levels for some people with type 1 or 2 diabetes but do not replace insulin treatment.
Voglibose
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates like starch and sugar. They do this by competitively inhibiting the enzymes needed to break down carbs into simpler sugars that can then be absorbed.
- This delays the absorption of carbohydrates and lowers post-meal blood glucose levels over the long-term. Current guidelines support their use alone or along with other drugs for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
- Common side effects include gas and stomach discomfort due to undigested carbs passing into the colon. Efficacy is modest but they provide glycemic control without weight gain or hypoglycemia risks seen with other drugs.
Acarbose
The document discusses acarbose, an oral medication for type 2 diabetes. It provides background on the development of diabetes treatments over time and criteria for diagnosing diabetes. It then focuses on acarbose, explaining that it works by inhibiting enzymes involved in breaking down carbohydrates, which reduces the rise in blood glucose after meals. Studies show acarbose can help lower HbA1c levels and may reduce cardiovascular risks when used long-term for people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Common side effects include flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Hypoglycemicagents
This document summarizes different types of hypoglycemic agents used to treat diabetes. It describes sulfonylureas which bind to beta cell potassium channels to increase insulin release for type 2 diabetes. It also discusses enzyme inhibitors which reduce sugar absorption and biguanides which decrease glucose production and absorption. Finally, it lists some common oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents that are used, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, glitazones, and insulin analogs.
oral hypoglycemic drugs
This document discusses various classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It describes sulfonylureas, the first class developed which work by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. First and second generation sulfonylureas are outlined, noting their mechanisms, effects, and interactions. Meglitinides are discussed as having a similar insulin-releasing action to sulfonylureas but with a more rapid onset and shorter duration. Biguanides like metformin are covered, explaining how they lower blood glucose through decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in tissues. Thiazolidinediones are also mentioned as sensitizing tissues to insulin.
GPAT INSULIN,ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS
The document discusses various drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications. It notes that lactic acidosis is common with phenformin, rosiglitazone acts as a PPAR gamma agonist but not by increasing insulin secretion, hypokalemia can occur if insulin is given rapidly for diabetic ketoacidosis, and metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. Common side effects of thiazolidinadiones include water retention and weight gain.
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
This document provides a summary of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) used to treat type 2 diabetes. It classifies OHAs based on their mechanisms of action, which include enhancing insulin secretion, overcoming insulin resistance, and other miscellaneous mechanisms. For each class, it briefly describes prominent examples, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. The major classes discussed are sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones.
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Voglibose
Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to lower post-meal blood glucose levels in people with diabetes by delaying the absorption of glucose in the intestine. It was developed by Takeda Pharma and works by inhibiting the enzymes that break down carbohydrates, which prevents sudden spikes in blood glucose after eating. Potential side effects include flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It is contraindicated in people with inflammatory bowel disease or those predisposed to intestinal obstruction.
Glucosidase
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by reducing the amount of glucose absorbed from food in the intestines, preventing sharp rises in blood sugar after meals. Two common alpha-glucosidase inhibitors available in the US are Precose and Glyset. They should not be used by those with gastrointestinal diseases or severe kidney disease due to potential side effects like gas, diarrhea, and abnormal liver function tests. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors help control blood sugar levels for some people with type 1 or 2 diabetes but do not replace insulin treatment.
Voglibose
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates like starch and sugar. They do this by competitively inhibiting the enzymes needed to break down carbs into simpler sugars that can then be absorbed.
- This delays the absorption of carbohydrates and lowers post-meal blood glucose levels over the long-term. Current guidelines support their use alone or along with other drugs for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
- Common side effects include gas and stomach discomfort due to undigested carbs passing into the colon. Efficacy is modest but they provide glycemic control without weight gain or hypoglycemia risks seen with other drugs.
Acarbose
The document discusses acarbose, an oral medication for type 2 diabetes. It provides background on the development of diabetes treatments over time and criteria for diagnosing diabetes. It then focuses on acarbose, explaining that it works by inhibiting enzymes involved in breaking down carbohydrates, which reduces the rise in blood glucose after meals. Studies show acarbose can help lower HbA1c levels and may reduce cardiovascular risks when used long-term for people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Common side effects include flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Hypoglycemicagents
This document summarizes different types of hypoglycemic agents used to treat diabetes. It describes sulfonylureas which bind to beta cell potassium channels to increase insulin release for type 2 diabetes. It also discusses enzyme inhibitors which reduce sugar absorption and biguanides which decrease glucose production and absorption. Finally, it lists some common oral and injectable hypoglycemic agents that are used, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, glitazones, and insulin analogs.
oral hypoglycemic drugs
This document discusses various classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It describes sulfonylureas, the first class developed which work by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas. First and second generation sulfonylureas are outlined, noting their mechanisms, effects, and interactions. Meglitinides are discussed as having a similar insulin-releasing action to sulfonylureas but with a more rapid onset and shorter duration. Biguanides like metformin are covered, explaining how they lower blood glucose through decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in tissues. Thiazolidinediones are also mentioned as sensitizing tissues to insulin.
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The document discusses various drugs used to treat diabetes, including their mechanisms of action, side effects, and classifications. It notes that lactic acidosis is common with phenformin, rosiglitazone acts as a PPAR gamma agonist but not by increasing insulin secretion, hypokalemia can occur if insulin is given rapidly for diabetic ketoacidosis, and metformin can cause vitamin B12 deficiency. Common side effects of thiazolidinadiones include water retention and weight gain.
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
This document provides a summary of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) used to treat type 2 diabetes. It classifies OHAs based on their mechanisms of action, which include enhancing insulin secretion, overcoming insulin resistance, and other miscellaneous mechanisms. For each class, it briefly describes prominent examples, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and indications. The major classes discussed are sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones.
Oral hypoglycaemic drugs
Oral hypoglycemic drugs are used to treat type 2 diabetes and work by lowering blood glucose levels. There are 5 classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs currently used: sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Sulfonylureas like glipizide stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas. Biguanides like metformin reduce glucose production and absorption. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas both stimulate insulin secretion but meglitinides have a faster onset and shorter duration. Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone increase insulin sensitivity. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Oral hypoglycemic agents
This document discusses the management of type 2 diabetes. It outlines lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and weight loss that can help control blood glucose levels. It also discusses various classes of diabetic medications, including their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects and examples of drugs in each class. The goal of treatment is to achieve adequate glycemic control while preventing complications through a stepped care approach involving lifestyle changes and gradual escalation of medications if needed.
Oral hypoglycemic agents
introduction to oral hypoglycemic agents with description about sulphonylurea and glinides along with their MOA, indication, side effects and brand name
Oral hypoglycaemic agents dr jayesh vaghela
1) Oral hypoglycemic agents work by enhancing insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, or reducing glucose absorption. The main classes include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, amylin analogues, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and dopamine D2 receptor agonists.
2) Sulfonylureas work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels, stimulating insulin secretion. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.
3) Biguanides like metformin increase insulin sensitivity by decreasing hepatic glucose output and intestinal glucose absorption
Leaflet (Metformin) By Abhijit Gaikwad
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Oral hypoglycemic toxicity
This document discusses oral hypoglycemic toxicity from sulfonylureas. It notes that sulfonylureas are commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes but can cause hypoglycemia from overdose. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, dizziness, and seizures. Treatment involves glucose administration via IV or glucagon injection. Patients may require glucose for hours to days depending on the drug and dose. Activated charcoal may help if ingestion was within an hour but has limited benefit for 1-2 tablet ingestions.
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1) Oral hypoglycemic drugs are classified into several categories including sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha glucosidase inhibitors.
2) Sulphonylureas work by binding to receptors on pancreatic beta cells, reducing potassium channel conductance, enhancing calcium influx, and stimulating insulin secretion.
3) Potential drug interactions with sulphonylureas include those that increase their effects through plasma protein displacement or decreased metabolism, and those that decrease their effects through increased metabolism or antagonistic action.
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This document discusses different classes of antidiabetic drugs used to treat diabetes mellitus. It describes how these drugs work to lower blood glucose levels by different mechanisms such as increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas, increasing insulin sensitivity, or decreasing glucose absorption. The main classes covered are sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Specific drugs discussed in more detail include tolbutamide, metformin, and glipizide.
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be categorized into several classes based on their mechanism of action:
1) Insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas and meglitinides which bind to sulfonylurea receptors and modulate K+ ATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion.
2) Insulin sensitizers like biguanides (e.g. metformin) and thiazolidinediones which improve insulin sensitivity.
3) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose which slow carbohydrate absorption from the intestine.
4) Newer drug classes targeting incretin pathways like GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors or affecting other processes like amylin
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1) It describes the structure of insulin as a 51 amino acid polypeptide made of an A-chain and B-chain, held together by disulfide bonds.
2) It explains that insulin secretion is regulated by both chemical and hormonal/neural mechanisms in response to glucose levels, including the roles of glucokinase and ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
3) It lists the different types of insulin preparations available, including regular insulin, NPH insulin, and rapid-acting insulin analogues like insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine, as well as the long-acting insulin glargine and detemir.
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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic drugs that enhance insulin secretion from the pancreas. They work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, which leads to insulin release. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain. Examples include glibenclamide, glipizide, and glimepiride. Choice of sulfonylurea depends on factors like duration of action, renal function, and patient age. They are generally effective treatments for type 2 diabetes but require caution in elderly patients or those with kidney/liver problems.
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Oral hypoglycemic agents are classified based on their mechanism of action. Sulfonylureas work by blocking potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells, increasing calcium influx and insulin secretion. Meglitinides like repaglinide have a similar quick-acting mechanism. DPP-4 inhibitors like sitagliptin increase GLP-1 and GIP action. Biguanides like metformin activate AMPK, suppressing glucose production and enhancing uptake. Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone activate PPARγ, enhancing insulin sensitivity. Other agents include alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, and SGLT2 inhibitors. While effective at lowering blood glucose,
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This document discusses oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), which are drugs taken orally to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. It describes two main types of diabetes and explains how OHAs work to increase insulin secretion, sensitivity, and decrease glucose absorption. The document classifies OHAs and discusses specific drug classes like sulfonylureas including first generation drugs like tolbutamide and second generation drugs like glipizide. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications and side effects of various OHAs.
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This document summarizes different types of oral hypoglycemic agents (drugs used to lower blood glucose levels orally). It discusses sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. For each class, it describes the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, and examples of drugs from each class like glibenclamide, metformin, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, and acarbose. It also briefly mentions newer anti-diabetic drugs like SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists that have been approved
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs are used to treat type 2 diabetes and work by lowering blood glucose levels. There are 5 classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs currently used: sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Sulfonylureas like glipizide stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas. Biguanides like metformin reduce glucose production and absorption. Meglitinides and sulfonylureas both stimulate insulin secretion but meglitinides have a faster onset and shorter duration. Thiazolidinediones like pioglitazone increase insulin sensitivity. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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This document discusses the management of type 2 diabetes. It outlines lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise and weight loss that can help control blood glucose levels. It also discusses various classes of diabetic medications, including their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects and examples of drugs in each class. The goal of treatment is to achieve adequate glycemic control while preventing complications through a stepped care approach involving lifestyle changes and gradual escalation of medications if needed.
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2) Sulfonylureas work by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels, stimulating insulin secretion. Common side effects include hypoglycemia and weight gain.
3) Biguanides like metformin increase insulin sensitivity by decreasing hepatic glucose output and intestinal glucose absorption
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1) Oral hypoglycemic drugs are classified into several categories including sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha glucosidase inhibitors.
2) Sulphonylureas work by binding to receptors on pancreatic beta cells, reducing potassium channel conductance, enhancing calcium influx, and stimulating insulin secretion.
3) Potential drug interactions with sulphonylureas include those that increase their effects through plasma protein displacement or decreased metabolism, and those that decrease their effects through increased metabolism or antagonistic action.
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Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be categorized into several classes based on their mechanism of action:
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2) Insulin sensitizers like biguanides (e.g. metformin) and thiazolidinediones which improve insulin sensitivity.
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3) It lists the different types of insulin preparations available, including regular insulin, NPH insulin, and rapid-acting insulin analogues like insulin lispro, aspart, and glulisine, as well as the long-acting insulin glargine and detemir.
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Voglibose
- 1. Voglibose Presentation by Primary Information Services www.primaryinfo.com mailto:primaryinfo@gmail.com
- 2. Voglibose is categorized as an α glucosidase inhibitors, it was discovered in Japan in 1981 when it was isolated from the culture media producing Streptomyces hygroscopicity var. • limonons and was commercially available since 1995 for the treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia. • It exerts an anti-hypoglycemic action from a reversible inhibition of the membrane-bound intestinal enzyme α glycosidase hydrolyze and prevents the increase in blood glucose level post-meal.
- 4. Database Offer: Manufacturing Process Route of Synthesis Process Flow Diagram Input and output and mass Balance Pollution load Solvent Balance of Voglibose Raw Materials Patents, COA, MSDS, SDS
- 7. Market Players: Eris Life Care Sarian Pfizer Limited Blue Cross AS Pharma Neelkanth Healthcare (P)Ltd Strides Three Dots Lifesciences Nexus Biotech Panacea Biotec Ltd Unichem