Vocabulary Unit4
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This document defines key terms related to climate and weather, including: - Weather is the atmospheric conditions in a particular time and place, while climate is the conditions over a long period of time in a region. - Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation are all measured and shown on maps using lines connecting areas with the same values. - Weather maps depict features like high and low pressure systems, fronts, and air mass boundaries. - The Earth is divided into climate zones based on average temperature, including tropical, temperate, and polar zones. - Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure between two locations. Jet streams are high-altitude wind currents.
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How do scientists predict weather (the whole lesson )
Isobars are lines connecting areas with equal air pressure on weather maps. They indicate wind patterns, with closer lines showing higher winds. Low pressure systems have decreasing pressure towards their center and are associated with clouds and rain. High pressure systems have higher pressure at their center and fair weather. Isobars provide information about current and expected weather conditions.
Atmospheric pressure and Atmospheric Temperature
Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude and is caused by the decreasing mass of air above. It is measured in units like atmospheres and pascals. The scale height is the height where pressure decreases by a factor of e and depends on temperature, molecular mass, and gravity. Atmospheric temperature also varies with altitude, from very cold in the mesopause to very warm in the thermosphere due to radiation. Mean sea level pressure is the pressure at sea level used in weather reports.
The effect of high and low pressure on
High and low pressure areas drive global wind and weather patterns. Near the equator is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), an area of low pressure where warm, moist air rises. This feeds into the Hadley cell circulation, with air sinking at around 30 degrees latitude. Together these form the basis of the three-cell global circulation model, with polar cells and the Ferrel cell in between, that determines wind directions, wind speeds, and the locations of the world's major biomes like deserts.
Fronts
Fronts are boundaries formed when air masses of differing temperatures and humidity levels collide. There are three main types of fronts: warm fronts, where warmer air slides over cooler air, often producing steady rain; cold fronts, where denser cold air slides under warmer air, bringing precipitation; and occluded fronts, a wedge of warm air between two cold masses that indicates a brief storm.
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This document summarizes key concepts in meteorology including how weather maps depict temperature, air pressure, and precipitation using lines and symbols. It explains common meteorological instruments and how weather systems such as high and low pressure areas, air masses, and frontal boundaries influence weather patterns and conditions. Global wind patterns like the jet stream also impact weather by directing weather systems as they move across the Earth.
Air masses (summary)
This document discusses air masses, which are large bodies of air that share similar temperature and moisture characteristics. Air masses originate over source regions and are classified based on the latitude and surface type of the source region. The weather experienced in an area depends on the characteristics of the prevailing air mass. The main air masses that affect North America are continental and maritime polar and tropical air masses.
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Weather refers to the current atmospheric conditions including air pressure, wind, temperature and moisture. The sun provides energy that evaporates water, causing weather phenomena like snow, rain, hurricanes and hail. Atmospheric pressure is measured in hectopascals at sea level using precise instruments, and air moves from high to low pressure areas causing wind. Temperature reflects the energy of atmospheric particle motion, and moisture makes things slightly wet or damp.
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Isobars are lines connecting areas with equal air pressure on weather maps. They indicate wind patterns, with closer lines showing higher winds. Low pressure systems have decreasing pressure towards their center and are associated with clouds and rain. High pressure systems have higher pressure at their center and fair weather. Isobars provide information about current and expected weather conditions.
Atmospheric pressure and Atmospheric Temperature
Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude and is caused by the decreasing mass of air above. It is measured in units like atmospheres and pascals. The scale height is the height where pressure decreases by a factor of e and depends on temperature, molecular mass, and gravity. Atmospheric temperature also varies with altitude, from very cold in the mesopause to very warm in the thermosphere due to radiation. Mean sea level pressure is the pressure at sea level used in weather reports.
The effect of high and low pressure on
High and low pressure areas drive global wind and weather patterns. Near the equator is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), an area of low pressure where warm, moist air rises. This feeds into the Hadley cell circulation, with air sinking at around 30 degrees latitude. Together these form the basis of the three-cell global circulation model, with polar cells and the Ferrel cell in between, that determines wind directions, wind speeds, and the locations of the world's major biomes like deserts.
Fronts
Fronts are boundaries formed when air masses of differing temperatures and humidity levels collide. There are three main types of fronts: warm fronts, where warmer air slides over cooler air, often producing steady rain; cold fronts, where denser cold air slides under warmer air, bringing precipitation; and occluded fronts, a wedge of warm air between two cold masses that indicates a brief storm.
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This document discusses air masses, which are large bodies of air that share similar temperature and moisture characteristics. Air masses originate over source regions and are classified based on the latitude and surface type of the source region. The weather experienced in an area depends on the characteristics of the prevailing air mass. The main air masses that affect North America are continental and maritime polar and tropical air masses.
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Weather refers to the current atmospheric conditions including air pressure, wind, temperature and moisture. The sun provides energy that evaporates water, causing weather phenomena like snow, rain, hurricanes and hail. Atmospheric pressure is measured in hectopascals at sea level using precise instruments, and air moves from high to low pressure areas causing wind. Temperature reflects the energy of atmospheric particle motion, and moisture makes things slightly wet or damp.
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Weather refers to the current atmospheric conditions including air pressure, wind, temperature and moisture. The sun provides energy that evaporates water, causing weather phenomena like snow, rain, hurricanes and hail. Atmospheric pressure is measured in hectopascals at sea level using precise instruments, and air moves from high to low pressure areas causing wind. Temperature reflects the energy of atmospheric particle motion, and moisture makes things slightly wet or damp.
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Isobars that are close together indicate strong winds due to a large pressure difference over a small area, while isobars farther apart show gentler winds from a smaller pressure change. Isobars also show locations of high and low pressure areas. Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude as there are fewer air molecules, and high and low pressure systems affect incoming weather, with high pressure typically bringing cooler and clearer conditions and low pressure often accompanying warmer temperatures, storms and rain.
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1) Atmospheric pressure variations create wind and circulation patterns as air moves from high to low pressure areas.
2) Temperature differences cause horizontal variations in pressure, with warm air rising at the equator creating low pressure and cold air sinking at the poles creating high pressure.
3) Winds are deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect.
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3) Polar cells where icy cold air descends and meets warmer mid-latitude air, suppressing precipitation and creating tundra and taiga biomes near the poles.
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Weather refers to the current atmospheric conditions including air pressure, wind, temperature and moisture. The sun provides energy that evaporates water, causing weather phenomena like snow, rain, hurricanes and hail. Atmospheric pressure is measured in hectopascals at sea level using precise instruments, and air moves from high to low pressure areas causing wind. Temperature reflects the energy of atmospheric particle motion, and moisture makes things slightly wet or damp.
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Isobars that are close together indicate strong winds due to a large pressure difference over a small area, while isobars farther apart show gentler winds from a smaller pressure change. Isobars also show locations of high and low pressure areas. Air pressure decreases with increasing altitude as there are fewer air molecules, and high and low pressure systems affect incoming weather, with high pressure typically bringing cooler and clearer conditions and low pressure often accompanying warmer temperatures, storms and rain.
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2) Temperature differences cause horizontal variations in pressure, with warm air rising at the equator creating low pressure and cold air sinking at the poles creating high pressure.
3) Winds are deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect.
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2) Ferrel cells between 30-60 degrees latitude with distinct seasons and broadleaf/evergreen forests.
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2) Lapse rates which describe how temperature changes with altitude. Inversions and stable/unstable conditions impact vertical mixing.
3) Maximum mixing depth, the vertical extent of mixing which affects pollutant dispersion and influences air quality.
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CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS: TROPICAL CLIMATES
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This document appears to list various terms related to European history between approximately 500-1500 AD. Key terms include those related to medieval feudalism such as nobility, fief, and vassalage. Religious topics are also represented including clergy, cathedral, heresy, inquisition, monasticism, crusade, and schism. Military and economic aspects of the middle ages include terms like cavalry, barracks, guild, and irrigation. The list touches on interactions with other cultures through missionary work, mosques, and conversion.
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Contents physical relief of spain
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The document summarizes key developments during the High Middle Ages:
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Introduction to History 2ndESO
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Vocabulary Unit4
- 2. WEATHER The atmospheric conditions in a particular time and place.
- 3. CLIMATE The atmospheric conditions that exist in a region over a long period of time.
- 4. TEMPERATURE Is the amount of heat in the atmosphere.
- 5. ISOTHERMS Are the lines that join areas with the same temperature on a map.
- 6. HUMIDITY Is the amount of water vapour in the air.
- 7. ISOHYETS Are the lines on a map that join areas with the same amount of precipitation.
- 8. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Is the weight of the air on the Earth’s surface.
- 9. ISOBARS Lines on weather maps that connect areas that have the same atmospheric pressure.
- 10. AIR MASSES In the lower layers of the atmosphere, air separates into air masses, which differ in temperature and humidity.
- 11. WEATHER MAP Shows atmospheric pressure at sea level and another features such as, depressions, fronts, etc.
- 12. ANTICYCLONE OR HIGH PRESSUREAREA. An area of high atmospheric pressure that brings calm weather. It is represented by a letter A or H on the weather maps.
- 13. DEPRESSION OR LOW PRESSUREAREA. An area of low atmospheric pressure that brings bad weather. It is represented by a letter B or L on the weather maps.
- 14. WEATHER FRONTS Are boundaries that separate the air masses.The weather in these areas are often unstable. Blue lines with triangles are cold fronts. Red lines with semicircles are warm fronts.
- 15. CLIMATE ZONE An area of the Earth where the climate is the same.
- 16. TROPICAL, HOT ORTORRID ZONE The area between theTropics of Cancer and Capricorn, the hottest part of the world.
- 17. TEMPERATE ZONES The part of the Earth between the Artic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer, and between the Antirc Circle and theTropic of Capricorn.
- 18. COLD OR POLAR ZONES The part of the Earth within the polar circles.
- 19. WIND Is a moving air mass and is caused when two places have different atmospheric pressure.
- 20. JET STREAM A powerful air current that crosses the atmosphere between the cold and temperate zones. It circulates at high altitude.