Vocabulary and genders sociolinguistic
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This document discusses gender differences in communication styles. It suggests that women tend to facilitate conversation more than men by eliciting speech from others and raising topics. However, their ideas may be ignored more than men's. Interrupting is also discussed, with findings that men interrupt women more but not vice versa, which can be a form of dominance. The ways women and men are persuasive is also covered, noting women tend to be more tentative speakers with men. Finally, it states that examining a language's vocabulary can reveal attitudes and ideas in a culture.
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- El principito (fila 5): nos gusto su presentación, su forma de explicar aunque algunos elementos faltaron. Sin embargo la presentación estuvo excelente. Y la representación nos pareció muy original pues usaron su imaginación para poder dar una mejor perspectiva de la situación del cuento.
- La nota (fila 1): Este equipo nos gusto porque fue una explicación clara, al igual que su presentación. Faltaron algunos elementos en la presentación. Sin embargo, lo que hablaban acerca del cuento, tuvo mucha relación respecto a las estructuras de un cuento. Estuvo excelente.
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Language & Gender presentation [Shoaib_020].pptx
Language & Gender presentation [Shoaib_020].pptxQuaid E Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology
This document discusses studies of language and gender from sociolinguistics. It outlines four historical approaches - deficit, dominance, difference, and dynamic. The deficit approach viewed women's language as deficient compared to men's. The dominance approach saw female speech as subordinate due to patriarchy. The difference approach saw gender differences as socialized. The dynamic approach views gendered speech as social constructs that can vary by interaction. The document also examines various speech practices associated with gender, such as question use, turn-taking, self-disclosure, and politeness.Muted group theory | NurSyazreen
A powerpoint slide presentation on Muted Group Theory. A topic under Communication Theory subject. Does men and women being treated equally? What causes the silence in women? Is this theory considered bias?
Language and Gender
1) Research has found differences in the language used by men and women, with women using more hedges, tag questions, and precise language that expresses uncertainty.
2) According to Robin Lakoff, women use both hedging and boosting language devices to lack confidence, with hedges expressing uncertainty and boosters trying to persuade others.
3) Studies have shown that in cross-sex interactions, men frequently interrupt women but women less frequently interrupt men, and men tend to dominate conversations more.
Gender gap in public speaking
The document discusses the historical and ongoing gender gap in public speaking. It provides evidence that women have faced social pressures to remain silent, from laws thousands of years ago to modern interruptions and lack of opportunity. While women now make up over half of social media and conference attendees, men still dominate speaking roles and receive more attention and retweets. The gap persists due to socialization of women to be less assertive and talkative, as well as face backlash if they do speak up. Efforts are underway to increase gender balance in public forums and reduce unconscious biases among conference organizers.
Together
This document summarizes Robin Lakoff's theory of women's language and debates surrounding it. Lakoff proposed that women's language features things like hedges, tag questions and intensifiers. The dominance theory from the 1980s suggested that in mixed conversations, men interrupt more than women. However, later studies by Zimmerman and West with a small sample size and by O'Barr and Atkins in courtroom settings challenged these views, finding language differences were situation-dependent rather than based on gender. Further researchers like Fishman and Tannen argued the focus should be on conversational styles between genders rather than dominance or deficiency.
Presentasisocio 120421011118-phpapp02
This document discusses differences in language use between men and women in several areas:
1. Minimal response - Women use responses like "mhmm" and "yeah" more frequently in conversations, while men use them less frequently.
2. Question asking - Men usually ask questions to make a point, while women use question tags to avoid making strong statements and reflect insecurity.
3. Turn-taking - Women's language emphasizes taking turns in conversation, while men tend to center discussions on their own points or remain silent.
4. Topic choice - Women typically discuss relationships, gossip, shopping and child-rearing, while men prefer topics like sports, politics and cars.
Gender and language
The document discusses gender and language from several perspectives. It begins by distinguishing between sex, which refers to biological differences, and gender, which refers to culturally constructed roles and expectations. It notes that gender boundaries are conceptual rather than physical. The document then examines gender stereotypes and roles, as well as how language differs between men and women in terms of pronunciation, intonation, grammar, vocabulary and conversational styles. Finally, it analyzes gender bias and asymmetries in the English language.
Language and gender
The document discusses gender and language from several perspectives. It begins by distinguishing between sex and gender, noting that sex refers to biological differences while gender refers to culturally constructed roles. It then examines how gender boundaries are conceptual rather than physical, and how they have become more fluid over time. Several lists provide examples of masculine and feminine personality and physical traits as stereotyped by culture. The document also looks at how language use may differ between men and women, such as women using more hedging words and tag questions. Finally, it considers how men and women behave differently in conversations, such as who interrupts more or introduces topics.
Example of interaction analysis
This document discusses interaction analysis and analyzes differences between male and female speech patterns. It examines previous research finding that males tend to dominate conversations through interruptions and use more vulgar language. The document then describes a study where a conversation between two men and two women was recorded and analyzed. Key findings were that males interrupted more and used more vulgar terms, while females used more active listening devices and tentative language. However, results for tag question use contradicted previous research. While not conclusive, the analysis found some differences in conversational styles between genders.
Together
This document summarizes several theories about gender differences in communication styles. Robin Lakoff's theory proposed that women's language features include hedges, tag questions, rising intonation, and avoidance of strong language. Dominance theory from the 1970s suggested that in mixed-sex conversations, men interrupt more than women. Later researchers like O'Barr and Atkins found that language differences depend more on situational power than gender. Pamela Fishman argued interruptions result from how men respond to women's questions rather than inherent personality weaknesses. Deborah Tannen's difference model viewed gender communication as like different dialects due to different socialization experiences.
Chapter 7 language & gender
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 7 on language and gender. It discusses how research on gender differences in language use began in the 1970s and draws from different disciplines. Studies have looked at distinct gendered languages, variations between male and female speech patterns across cultures, and how language use reflects and reinforces social distinctions between genders. More recent research emphasizes the context-dependent and fluid nature of gendered language.
Zhang 1Siyu ZhangDr. RheeEnglish 71119-04-15Essay 3 (fin.docx
Zhang 1
Siyu Zhang
Dr. Rhee
English 711
19-04-15
Essay 3 (final draft)
Sex Difference in Language
Can anyone tell as to whom between women and men talks more? This is one of the questions that have not been clearly answered. Different people have different perspective concerning gendered language. It attracts me to find out whether women and men speak similarly or whether one of the two sexes speaks more than the other. Different authors hold different opinions about gendered language. Kornheiser and Tannen both think that women and men use language in different way. For example, Deborah Tannen’s article talks about the different between women and men act in conversations. He argues that women tend to offer their experiences to agree with other people when they listening while men tend to give lecture and challenge other people and women always hide their expertise to offer agreement and men would choose to keep controlling position. They also have different body language and assume different attitude toward the things they do. However, some researchers like Holmes and Macaulay have different attitudes towards it. Janet Holmes in his essay debunks the stereotype of the talkative women; he claims that the amount of a talk depends on many factors, for example, the purposes of conversation, social confidence and social perception. Although many people tend to believe that women speak more than men，this assumption now has been subjected to rigorous analysis and research. There are three social factors influencing men’s and women’s language using: purposes, social perception and social confidence.
Before talking about the reasons why women and men actually use the same language, the opposite causes of why there are genders differences also need to be talked about fairly. Mainly, opponents claims from the biological differences, they believe because of the genetic factor and conditioning, women just want to talk more than men. Many people hold on the same point. For example, Deborah Tannen in her essay “’I’ll Explain It to You’: Lecturing and listening” puts forwards that men just like to have factual information, lecturing and like to challenge people with long explanations, they always comments on other people and have few listener responses, they just do not afraid to frustrated people, while women prefer to listen. (Tannen, 323-324). She needs a lot of her personal conversation with different men and women as evidences to support her argument. Meanwhile, Tannen also provides an English professor of Thoman Fox’s analysis paper of his women student and men student’s different behavior in language using. (Tannen, 327-328).
Kornheiser in his essay “No Detail is Too Small for Girls Answering a Simple Question” uses his daughter and his son as example to illustrate that girls talk more than boys and just have special genes for cheers, so do the women (Kornheiser, 305-307). From his point, women are just talkative for no reason. “There seems to be .
Muted Group Theory
Groups who are marginalized by the dominate because they do not speak the same language and do not have power. Experiences are discounted because they do not fit the dominant
Lang & gender culture influence
This document discusses cultural factors that influence differences in how men and women communicate. It provides examples of proverbs from different cultures that portray stereotypes about women talking more than men or their tongues never being still. Theories discussed include that female speech is different because the female sex is seen as subordinate, and that women use language to develop and maintain relationships through solidarity and focus more on the affective functions of interactions. Acculturation from a young age where girls are encouraged to be "little ladies" who speak less in public is also discussed. An example of gender differences in language use in the Malagasy community is given where women use more direct and explicit language while men communicate more subtly and indirectly to avoid losing face.
muted group theory
Cheris Kramarae developed Muted Group Theory to describe how women and other marginalized groups have difficulty expressing themselves in public discourse dominated by men. As the dominant group, men have shaped language and communication norms in ways that disadvantage muted groups. Kramarae showed how women were muted in cartoons from the 1940s, depicted with vague language and as emotional. She has worked for over 25 years to address how muted groups can alter their muted status and gain more control over communication.
Non verbal com.
Nonverbal communication conveys over 60% of messages and comes in many forms. It includes proxemics (personal space), haptics (touch), chronemics (time), kinesics (body language), artifacts (appearance), vocalics (paralanguage), and environment. Nonverbal behaviors can repeat, substitute, complement, accent, regulate, or contradict verbal communication. An understanding of nonverbal cues can improve our interactions and relationships with others.
Lang & Gender Service Learning
This document summarizes research on differences in communication styles between men and women. It finds that gendered language habits are socially constructed rather than biologically determined. Women tend to use more hedges, pay close attention to details, and engage in collaborative storytelling focused on social relationships, while men interrupt more, tell stories that showcase their own accomplishments, and engage in more competitive conversation styles. However, it cautions against rigid definitions and encourages breaking down stereotypes about gendered speech.
Miscommunication between men and woman
The document discusses reasons for miscommunication between men and women in communication. It introduces the concepts of "genderlect" which refers to gender-specific language differences that develop from a young age. Boys and girls learn to communicate differently from same-sex peers. The document also contrasts "report talk" used by men to establish status versus "rapport talk" used by women to form connections. Overall, the document analyzes how innate biological and learned behavioral differences between men and women can lead to miscommunication if these differences are not understood.
PPT of Nonverbal Communication
A brief explanation of Nonverbal Communication with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
Gender difference in communication
The document discusses communication differences between genders. It defines gender and the four types: masculine, feminine, common, and neuter. Differences in verbal and non-verbal communication between men and women are described. Social beliefs about gender differences and how they affect education are explained. The role of culture in communication and single gender education are covered. Ways to break down barriers in the workplace include educating on harassment, networking, and involving men. Understanding differences and being patient/respectful can help overcome issues in cross-gender communication.
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Vocabulary and genders sociolinguistic
- 1. VOCABULARY AND GENDERS TALKING AND INTERRUPTING • Is it true that women talk more than men? • Women facilitate in conversations and so elicit speech from men.(Thompsom, Murrachver and Green 2001) WHY DO WOMEN HAVE SUCH A STYLE? • Because they have been socialized not to speak themselves, but to encourage men to speak. • Do women wish to be more facilitators of male verbal displays? • Do women wish not to have their ideas presented? • Are they forced into such a role by social conditioning, sexist social conditioning?
- 2. VOCABULARY AND GENDER According to Pamela Fishman(1978) According to Nowell (1989) • Female ASL speakers produce more verbiage than male in informal conversation, but males produce more than females in interview situations. • Factors involve in the interaction between sexes And determine who speaks the most. • Business setting • Academia • Formal committees • Topic. • Women raised as many as 62% of topics in ordinary household conversation with their husband. • 28 out of 29 topics raised by the husband. • Fishman believes women raise so many topics in an effort to increase their chance of success, because so much of what they say is ignored by men.
- 3. Interrupting as Dominance • Another major reason that men have been found to talk more in mixed - gender interaction is that they feel free to interrupt women, but not vice versa (Zimmerman and West1975) • Using a model of interaction • Turn – taking • To avoid overlaps • WHAT IS AN INTERRUPTION? • It is a vocalization before the last word that could signal the end of a sentence. INTERRUPTION CAN BE COUNTED IN DIFFERENT WAYS.
- 4. Gender and persuasiveness Female • Women are more tentative, but only when speaking with men. • Women are less impressed by another woman who speaks tentatively.(Carli 1990) Male • Is equally effective with both sexes whether or not their speech is tentative. (Carli 1990)
- 5. LANGUAGE AS MIRROR INDICATE • WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO SPEAKERS? • REFLECTS THE ATTITUDES OF CULTURE. • - TABOO • - VALUED • POSITION THAT PEOPLE HAVE IN THEIR SOCIETIES. EXAMINATION OF A VOCABULARY CAN REVEAL A GOOD DEAL ABOUT A CULTURE. THE LEXICON OF A LANGUAGE IS A MIRROR OF ITS SPEAKERS’ ATTITUDES AND IDEAS.