This document provides an introduction to VHDL and Verilog HDL. It discusses the need for HDLs to describe digital systems, as well as the basic structure and components of VHDL and Verilog modules. The key capabilities of VHDL and Verilog are described, including their support for hierarchy, flexible design methodologies, and modeling of different description styles. Basic concepts like entities, architectures, modules, ports, and data types are introduced.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to design digital systems. It allows systems to be modeled at different levels of abstraction like behavioral and structural. The behavioral model describes a system's behavior as inputs and outputs, while the structural model shows how system components are interconnected. VHDL uses entities to define a system's ports and architectures to describe its structure or behavior. Examples show implementing a half adder using behavioral and structural modeling in VHDL.
Yaser Khalifa introduces you to VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), a hardware description language used in electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable gate arrays and integrated circuits.
L6_Slides_vhdl coures temporary hair dye for dark hairloyad20119
1. The document introduces VHDL language concepts including entities, architectures, concurrent and sequential constructs, and structural design. It then discusses CAD tools used for VHDL design including editors, checkers, simulators, and optimizers. 2. Designs can be targeted to a variety of FPGAs. The output of the design kit can also be converted to other formats like VHDL, Verilog, EDIF and SystemC. 3. The document provides examples of VHDL code including entities, architectures, processes, and structural descriptions. It also discusses modeling methods in VHDL including structural, behavioral, data flow, and mixed approaches.
Those slides describe digital design using Verilog HDL,
starting with Design methodologies for any digital circuit then difference between s/w (C/C++) and H/w (Verilog) and the most important constructs that let us start hardware design using Verilog HDL.
OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES (HDLs) Dr.YNM
This document provides an overview of hardware description languages (HDLs) VHDL and Verilog. It discusses key aspects of HDLs including their structure, modeling approaches, operators, and data types. HDLs allow designing and synthesizing digital circuits using high-level language code. The two popular HDLs, VHDL and Verilog, have similar structures that describe a design's behavior and relationship between inputs and outputs. They support various modeling approaches and operator types to fully represent digital designs.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model and design digital circuits. It can be used for simulation, synthesis, and verification of circuits. VHDL has different language elements like entities, architectures, processes, and packages that allow modeling at different levels of abstraction like behavioral, dataflow, and structural. Common data types in VHDL include std_logic, std_logic_vector, and integers. VHDL supports modeling concurrency using processes and signal assignments.
The document discusses some key concepts in VHDL, a hardware description language. It explains that in VHDL, an entity defines a module's external interface or ports, hiding its internal details. The architecture then describes the module's internal structure or behavior. There can be multiple architectures for a single entity. The architecture uses the ports from the entity and can contain additional internal signals and components.
Hardware Description Language (HDL) is used to describe digital systems in a textual format similar to a programming language. HDL represents both the structure and behavior of hardware at different levels of abstraction. It can be used for documentation, simulation to verify design functionality, and synthesis to automate hardware design processes. The two most common HDLs are VHDL and Verilog.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to design digital systems. It allows systems to be modeled at different levels of abstraction like behavioral and structural. The behavioral model describes a system's behavior as inputs and outputs, while the structural model shows how system components are interconnected. VHDL uses entities to define a system's ports and architectures to describe its structure or behavior. Examples show implementing a half adder using behavioral and structural modeling in VHDL.
Yaser Khalifa introduces you to VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), a hardware description language used in electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable gate arrays and integrated circuits.
L6_Slides_vhdl coures temporary hair dye for dark hairloyad20119
1. The document introduces VHDL language concepts including entities, architectures, concurrent and sequential constructs, and structural design. It then discusses CAD tools used for VHDL design including editors, checkers, simulators, and optimizers. 2. Designs can be targeted to a variety of FPGAs. The output of the design kit can also be converted to other formats like VHDL, Verilog, EDIF and SystemC. 3. The document provides examples of VHDL code including entities, architectures, processes, and structural descriptions. It also discusses modeling methods in VHDL including structural, behavioral, data flow, and mixed approaches.
Those slides describe digital design using Verilog HDL,
starting with Design methodologies for any digital circuit then difference between s/w (C/C++) and H/w (Verilog) and the most important constructs that let us start hardware design using Verilog HDL.
OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGES (HDLs) Dr.YNM
This document provides an overview of hardware description languages (HDLs) VHDL and Verilog. It discusses key aspects of HDLs including their structure, modeling approaches, operators, and data types. HDLs allow designing and synthesizing digital circuits using high-level language code. The two popular HDLs, VHDL and Verilog, have similar structures that describe a design's behavior and relationship between inputs and outputs. They support various modeling approaches and operator types to fully represent digital designs.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model and design digital circuits. It can be used for simulation, synthesis, and verification of circuits. VHDL has different language elements like entities, architectures, processes, and packages that allow modeling at different levels of abstraction like behavioral, dataflow, and structural. Common data types in VHDL include std_logic, std_logic_vector, and integers. VHDL supports modeling concurrency using processes and signal assignments.
The document discusses some key concepts in VHDL, a hardware description language. It explains that in VHDL, an entity defines a module's external interface or ports, hiding its internal details. The architecture then describes the module's internal structure or behavior. There can be multiple architectures for a single entity. The architecture uses the ports from the entity and can contain additional internal signals and components.
Hardware Description Language (HDL) is used to describe digital systems in a textual format similar to a programming language. HDL represents both the structure and behavior of hardware at different levels of abstraction. It can be used for documentation, simulation to verify design functionality, and synthesis to automate hardware design processes. The two most common HDLs are VHDL and Verilog.
VHDL stands for VHSIC Hardware Description Language and was standardized in 1987. It allows hierarchical design of hardware modules with well-defined interfaces and behavioral specifications. Modules can be simulated and synthesized into logic circuits. The design flow involves hierarchical design, coding in VHDL, compilation, simulation, synthesis, placement and routing, and timing verification. VHDL uses entities to declare module interfaces and architectures to describe internal structures or behaviors. Types such as integers, reals, arrays and enumerated types are used to define signals, variables and constants.
This document provides an introduction to hardware description languages (HDLs). It discusses that HDLs describe digital systems in a textual form similar to programming languages, but are specifically used for describing hardware structures and behaviors. The main uses of HDLs are to provide an alternative to schematics and as a documentation language to represent digital systems in a format readable by both humans and computers. There are two main HDLs - VHDL and Verilog. HDLs allow modeling at different levels of abstraction from gate-level to behavioral.
The document discusses the history and benefits of VHDL. It originated in the 1970s with the goal of creating a common language to shorten the time from hardware concept to implementation. The first version was released in 1985 by the Department of Defense. VHDL became an IEEE standard in 1987 and was updated in 1993 and 2001. It allows for technology-independent design, supports various design methodologies, simulation, synthesis and documentation. Key aspects include entities, architectures, configurations and using libraries.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model digital circuits. It allows modeling at different levels of abstraction like behavioral, dataflow, and structural. VHDL supports design reuse through libraries and packages. Key benefits include being public standard, technology independent, and supporting design hierarchy, simulation, synthesis and documentation. The basic units in VHDL are entities which define the interface and architectures which describe the internal implementation. Architectures contain concurrent statements that execute in parallel and sequential statements in processes that execute sequentially.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model electronic systems. A VHDL design unit consists of an entity declaration defining inputs and outputs, and one or more architecture bodies implementing the design. Architectures can model designs at different levels of abstraction such as behavioral, dataflow, or structural. Packages allow reusable code to be organized and shared between designs through declarations and bodies.
Verilog and VHDL are hardware description languages used to design digital circuits. Verilog was developed starting in 1985 and became an IEEE standard in 1995. VHDL was developed for the US Department of Defense starting in 1981 and also became an IEEE standard. Both languages use syntax similar to C and allow designers to describe circuits at different levels, from behavioral to structural descriptions using logic gates and modules. They support data types like nets, registers, vectors, and integers to model hardware. Common constructs include modules, ports, continuous assignments, procedural blocks, and instantiating lower-level modules.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model digital systems. It allows modeling at different levels of abstraction like gate level, register transfer level, and behavioral level. In VHDL, an entity declares the interface of a design unit with ports, an architecture describes the internal functionality using different styles like dataflow, behavioral, structural. Components can be instantiated and interconnected in structural modeling. Testbenches are used to check designs by applying test inputs and observing outputs.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model digital systems. It allows modeling at different levels of abstraction including dataflow, behavioral, and structural. An entity declares the interface of a design using ports. The internal description is defined in an architecture using either dataflow assignments, behavioral processes, or as a structure of interconnected components. Architectures can be tested using a testbench that generates stimulus and checks the design response.
This document discusses hierarchical modeling in VHDL. It describes how to incorporate hierarchy using component declarations and instantiations. It provides the format for architecture bodies, component declarations, and component instantiations using both keyword and positional notation. An example is given showing how unused ports in a component instantiation can be optimized during synthesis.
Verilog is a hardware description language used to design digital circuits. It allows designs to be described at different levels of abstraction, from behavioral to gate level. At the behavioral level, algorithms and dataflow are described. Modules define design entities and are instantiated within other modules. Always and initial blocks specify concurrent and sequential procedural blocks. Dataflow and gate-level modeling instantiate primitives like logic gates. Verilog supports procedural assignments, parameters, user-defined tasks and functions, and testbenches for simulation.
This document provides an introduction to basic coding in VHDL using Quartus software. It describes VHDL as a hardware description language used to model digital systems. It explains some key concepts in VHDL including entities, architectures, ports, processes, and the different modeling styles of structural, dataflow and behavioral. It provides examples of coding half adders and AND gates in VHDL.
VHDL is an industry standard language used to describe hardware from the abstract level to the implementation level. It allows designers to quickly develop complex designs and supports a modular design methodology with multiple levels of hierarchy. VHDL is a concurrent language that allows designs to be described at different levels of abstraction, from the dataflow level up to the structural and behavioral levels. It provides extensive modeling capabilities and supports features like concurrency, sequential statements, test and simulation, strongly typed variables and objects, and vendor libraries.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model digital circuits. It allows modeling at different levels of abstraction like behavioral and structural. A basic VHDL file structure includes an entity declaration defining input and output ports, and an architecture describing the entity using processes, components, etc. Processes are used for behavioral modeling and allow sequential statements to describe behavior over time. An example shows a full adder modeled using two processes, one for each half adder, and signals to connect them.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model digital circuits. It allows modeling at different levels of abstraction like behavioral and structural. A basic VHDL file structure includes an entity declaration defining input and output ports, and an architecture describing the entity using processes, components, etc. Processes are used for behavioral modeling and allow sequential statements to describe behavior over time. An example shows a full adder modeled using two processes, one for each half adder, and signals to connect them.
The document provides an overview of VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language). It discusses the key elements and features of VHDL including concurrent and sequential statements, signals and variables, generics, multi-valued logic systems, and operator overloading. It also describes different levels of abstraction in VHDL design including behavioral, register transfer, logic, and layout levels. Finally, it discusses some basic building blocks of VHDL like entities, architectures, configurations, and libraries.
The document provides an introduction to VHDL including its origins, domains of description, abstraction levels, modeling styles, and examples of behavioral and structural descriptions. It discusses key VHDL concepts such as entities, architectures, concurrency, hierarchy, and modeling at different levels of abstraction using both behavioral and structural descriptions. Examples include behavioral descriptions of basic components like an AND gate, full adder, D flip-flop, and 4-to-1 multiplexer as well as structural descriptions of a 4-bit adder and 4-bit comparator.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language). It begins with acknowledgments and then provides brief definitions and descriptions of what Verilog is, its history and development over time. The rest of the document covers various aspects of Verilog, including its program structure using modules, different data types like registers and wires, modeling designs at different levels of abstraction like gate level and data flow level, and basic syntax concepts. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate different Verilog concepts.
VHDL is a hardware description language used to model electronic systems. The document outlines the key structural elements of VHDL including entities, architectures, signals, and data types. It describes different design methodologies in VHDL like behavioral, dataflow, and structural. Behavioral models use boolean equations, dataflow uses concurrent assignments, and structural connects known components. The document provides examples of modeling half adders, full adders, and multiplexers in VHDL using the different methodologies.
The document provides an overview of VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). It discusses the history and features of VHDL, including that it can be used to describe hardware structure and behavior. It also summarizes key VHDL concepts like libraries, packages, entities, architectures, configurations, signals, data types, operators, and language statements.
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2. HDL introduction
Hardware Description Language (HDL) is an essential
computer aided design (CAD) tool for synthesis of digital
systems.
Requirement of HDL:- Due to complexity, digital systems
cannot be easily realized using discrete integrated circuits(ICs).
Solution:- 1) Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)
2) Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
HDL to describe the system to be implemented in a computer-
language code similar to C/C++.
Simulators and test benches debug the program.
3. Types of HDL:- VHDL & Verilog HDL
VHDL:- VHSIC HDL
Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language
(VHSIC HDL)
• Verilog HDL
* In book and in PPTs VHDL stands for VHSIC HDL and Verilog HDL stands
for Verilog.
4. Capabilities of VHDL and Verilog
An exchange medium between chip vendors and CAD tool users.
Used as a communication medium between different CAD and CAE tools.
Supports hierarchy.
Supports flexible design methodologies.
The language is not technology-specific.
It supports both synchronous and asynchronous timing models.
Various digital modeling techniques such as finite-state machine
descriptions, algorithmic descriptions, and boolean equations can be
modeled using the language.
The language is publicly available, i.e. It is not proprietory.
The language supports three basic different description styles: structural,
dataflow, and behavioral.
5. Capabilities cont...
Arbitrarily large designs can be modelled.
Test benches can be written using the same language to test other
VHDL models.
6. HDL module structure
Example:- Consider Half adder ckt.
S = ā b + a b̄ = a EXOR b
C = a b
7. VHDL Structure:-
It has two major constructs: entity and architecture.
Entity describes input and output of the system (names
are user identifiable).
Architecture describes actual system and function of
output with input.
VHDL is case insensitive.
Entity name should start with an alphabetical letter and
can include the special character underscore (_).
The inputs and outputs are called input ports and output
ports.
8. Entity of VHDL program of half adder is as follows:-
entity Half_adder is
port(a: in bit;
b : in bit;
S : out bit;
C: out bit);
end half_adder;
Rules for writing Entity:-
The word entity is a predefined word.
The name of the entity is Half_adder.
name is user selected and does not convey any information about the system
The above entity has two input ports and two output ports.
The term ‘is’ is a predefined word and must be written after the name of the
entity.
The word port is predefined.
The port assignment as input or output is denoted by ‘in bit’ and ‘out bit’
respectively.
The type of these input signals is bit and bit allows the signal to take only either
logic 0 or logic 1.
The order is irrelevent.
9. Architecture of VHDL program of half adder
The second construct of the VHDL module is the architecture.
Architecture has to be bound to an entity.
Multiple architectures can be bound to the same entity, but each
architecture can be bound to only one entity.
Rules for writing Architecture:-
The architecture is declared by the predefined word architecture, followed by a
user-selected name.
The name is followed by the predefined word ‘of’ followed by the name of the
entity.
The predefined word of binds the architecture ‘dtfl _half’ to the entity
‘Half_adder’.
architecture dtfl_half of Half_adder is
begin
S <= a xor b; -- statement 1
C <= a and b; -- statement 2
--Blank lines are allowed
end dtfl_half;
10. Rules cont...
The architecture ‘dtfl _half’ recognizes the information declared in
the entity, such as the name and type of ports a, b, S, and C.
After entering the name of the entity, the predefined word is must
be entered.
The architecture’s body starts with the predefined word begin.
Two hyphens (--) signal that a comment follows.
The architecture is concluded by the predefined word end. The
name of the architecture can follow, if desired, the predefined word
end.
Leaving blank line(s) is allowed in the module
11. Verilog structure
Verilog module has declaration and body.
In the declaration, the name, inputs and outputs of the
module are entered.
The body shows the relationship between the inputs and
the outputs.
12. Rules for writing Verilog program:-
In contrast to VHDL, Verilog is case sensitive.
The name of the module should start with an alphabetical letter and
can include the special character underscore (_).
The declaration of the module starts with the predefined word
module followed by the user-selected name.
The names of the inputs and outputs are written inside parentheses,
separated by a comma.
module Half_adder(a,b,S,C);
input a,b;
output S, C;
// Blank lines are allowed
assign S = a ^ b; // statement 1
assign C= a & b; // statement 2
endmodule
13. Rules cont...
The parenthesis is followed by a semicolon.
The order of writing the
Input and output ports inside the parentheses is irrelevant.
Carriage return here does not indicate a new statement, the
semicolon does.
Statements 1 and 2 are signal assignment statements.
14. entity Half_adder is
port(a: in bit;
b : in bit;
S : out bit;
C: out bit);
end half_adder;
architecture dtfl_half of Half_adder
is
begin
S <= a xor b; -- statement 1
C <= a and b; -- statement 2
--Blank lines are allowed
end dtfl_half;
module Half_adder(a,b,S,C);
input a,b;
output S, C;
// Blank lines are allowed
assign S = a ^ b; // statement 1
assign C= a & b; // statement 2
endmodule
15. Types Of Description
There are various types of code writing techniques are
present, selection of one particular style depends on the
available information.
Types of description are:-
1. Data flow description
2. Behavioral description
3. Structural description
4. Switch level description
5. Mixed type description
6. Mixed language description
16. 1. Data flow description
It describes how data flows from input to output.
Usually, the description is done by writing the Boolean function of the
outputs.
The data-flow statements are concurrent.
2. Behavioral description
It describes how output behaves with perticular input.
Example:- In the half adder, the S output can be described as “1” if the
inputs a and b are not equal, otherwise S = “0” & output C can be
described as acquiring a value of “1” only if each input (a and b) is “1”
In behavioral description the architecture (VHDL) or the module
(Verilog) contains the predefined word process (VHDL) or always or
initial (Verilog).
Behavioral description is usually used when the Boolean function or the
digital logic of the system is hard to obtain.
17. architecture beh_half of Half_adder is
begin
process (a, b)
begin
if (a /= b) then
S <= ‘1’;
else
S <= ‘0’;
--Blank lines are allowed
end if;
end process;
end beh_half;
18. 3. Structural Description
It models the system as components or gates.
This description is identified by the presence of the keyword
component in the architecture (VHDL) or gates construct such as
and, or, not in the module (Verilog).
4. Switch-Level Description
It is the lowest level of description.
The system is described using switches or transistors.
Some of the Verilog predefined words used in the switch level
description are nmos, pmos, cmos, tranif0, tran, and tranif1.
VHDL does not have built-in switch-level primitives, but a construct
package can be built to include such primitives.
19. architecture Invert_switch of Inverter is
component nmos --nmos is one of the key words for switch-level.
port (O1: out std_logic; I1, I2 : in std_logic);
end component;
component pmos --pmos is one of the key words for switch-level.
port (O1: out std_logic ;I1, I2 : in std_logic);
end component;
for all: pmos use entity work. mos (pmos_behavioral);
for all: nmos use entity work. mos (nmos_behavioral);
--The above two statements are referring to a package mos
constant vdd: std_logic := ‘1’;
constant gnd : std_logic:= ‘0’;
begin
p1 : pmos port map (y, vdd, a);
n1: nmos port map (y, gnd, a);
end Invert_switch;
20. 5. Mixed-Type Description
Mixed-type or mixed-style descriptions are those that
use more than one type or style of the above-mentioned
descriptions.
Most of the descriptions of moderate to large systems
are mixed. Some parts of the system may be described
using one type and others using other types of
description.
6. Mixed-Language Description
The user now can write a module in one language (VHDL
or Verilog) and invoke or import a construct (entity or
module) written in the other language.
21. VHDL Ports
in: The port is only an input port. In any assignment statement, the
port should appear only on the right-hand side of the statement
(i.e., the port is read).
out: The port is only an output port. In any assignment statement,
the port should appear only on the left-hand side of the statement
(i.e., the port is updated).
buffer: The port can be used as both an input and output but can
have only one source (i.e., limited fan out). The port can appear on
either the left- or right-hand side of an assignment statement. A
buffer port can only be connected to another buffer port or to a
signal that also has only one source.
inout: The port can be used as both an input and output.
linkage: Same as inout but the port can only correspond to a signal.
22. Verilog Ports
input: The port is only an input port. In any assignment statement,
the port should appear only on the right-hand side of the statement
(i.e., the port is read).
output: The port is an output port. In contrast to VHDL, the Verilog
output port can appear in either side of the assignment statement.
inout: The port can be used as both an input and output. The inout
port represents a bidirectional bus.
23. Operators
HDL has following types of operators:
1. Logical operators
2. Relational operators
3. Arithmetic operators
4. Shift operators
24. 1. Logical Operators
These operators perform logical operations, such as
AND, OR, NAND,NOR, NOT, and XOR.
The operation can be on two operands or on a single
operand. The operand can be single or multiple bits.
A. VHDL Logical Operators
These operators should appear only on the right-hand
side of statements.
The operators are bitwise; they operate on
corresponding bits of two signals.
25.
26. B. Verilog Logical Operators
Verilog logical operators can be classified into three groups: bitwise,
Boolean logical, and reduction.
The bitwise operators operate on the corresponding bits of two
operands. Consider the statement: Z= X & Y, if X is the four-bit
signal 1011, and Y is the four-bit signal 1010, then Z = 1010.
Other types of logical operators are the Boolean logical operators.
For example, consider the statement Z = X && Y where && is the
Boolean logical AND operator. If X = 1011 and Y = 0001, then Z = 1.
If X = 1010 and Y = 0101, then Z = 0.
The third type of logical operator is the reduction operator.
Reduction operators operate on a single operand. The result is in
Boolean. For example, in the statement Y = &X, where & is the
reduction AND operator, and assuming X = 1010, then Y = (1 & 0 &
1 & 0) = 0.
29. 2. Relational Operators
Relational operators are implemented to compare the values of two
objects.
A. VHDL Relational Operators
VHDL has extensive relational operators. Their main
implementations are in the if and case statements.
30. The following statements demonstrate the implementation of some of
the above relational operators.
If (A = B) then .....
A is compared to B. If A is equal to B, the value of the expression (A =
B) is true (1); otherwise, it is false (0).
B. Verilog Relational Operators
For the equality operator (==) and inequality operator (!=), the
result can be of type unknown (x) if any of the operands include
“don’t care,” “unknown (x),” or “high impedance z.”
if (A === B)…..
This is a bit-by-bit comparison. A or B can include x or high
impedance Z; the result is true (1) if all bits of A match that of B.
Otherwise, the result is false (0).
33. VHDL arithmetic operators operate on numeric and physical operand types.
Physical data types are those that can be measured in units, such as time.
B. Verilog Arithmetic Operators
Verilog, in contrast to VHDL, is not extensive type-oriented language.
Accordingly, for most operations, only one type of operation is expected for each
operator.
Arithmetic Operator Precedence
The precedence of the arithmetic operators in VHDL or Verilog is the same as in
C. The precedence of the major operators is listed below from highest to lowest:
**
* / mod (%)
+ -
34.
35. 4. Shift and Rotate Operators
Shift and rotate operators are implemented in many applications,
such as in multiplication and division.
B. VHDL Shift/Rotate Operators
Shift operators are unary operators; they operate on a single
operand.
To understand the function of these operators, assume that operand
A is the four-bit vector 1110.
38. Data Types
As HDL is implemented to describe the hardware of a system, to
match the need for describing the hardware data or operands used
in the language must have several types.
A. VHDL Data Types
VHDL is a type-oriented language; many operations will not be
executed if the right type for the operands has not been chosen.
The type of any element or object in VHDL determines the allowed
values that element can assume. Objects in VHDL can be signal,
variable or constant.
39. 1. Scalar Types
The values that a scalar can assume are numeric.
Numeric values can be integer, real, physical (such as time), Boolean (0 or 1), or
characters when stored as American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) or compatible code.
1.1 Bit Type
The only values allowed here are 0 or 1.
It is used to describe a signal that takes only 1 (high) or 0 (low). The signal
cannot take other values such as high impedance (open).
1.2 Boolean Type
This type can assume two values: false (0) or true (1). Both true and false are
predefined words.
1.3 Integer Type
As the name indicates, this type covers all integer values; the values can be
negative or positive. The default range is from –2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647.
The user can specify a shorter range by using the predefined word range.
40. 1.4 Real Type
This type accepts fractions, such as .4502, 12.5, and –5.2 E–10
where E–10 = 10–10.
1.5 Character Type
This type includes characters that can be used to print a message
using,
for example, the predefined command report, such as:
report (“Variable x is greater than Y”);
1.6 Physical Type
This type has values that can be measured in units, such as time
(e.g., second, millisecond, microsecond) and voltage (e.g., volt,
millivolt, microvolts).
An example of type time is: constant Delay_inv : time := 1 ns;
41. 2. Composite Types
The composite type is a collection of values. There are
three composite types: bit vector, arrays, and records.
2.1 Bit_vector Type
The bit_vector type represents an array of bits; each element of the
array is a single bit. The following example illustrates the
implementation of type bit_vector:
Port (I1 : in bit; I2 : in bit_vector (5 downto 0); Sum : out bit);
2.2 Array Type
This type is declared by using the predefined word array. For
example, the following statements declare the variable memory to
be a single dimensional array of eight elements, and each element is
an integer: subtype wordN is integer;
type intg is array (7 downto 0) of wordN;
42. 2.3 Record Type
An object of record type is composed of elements of the same or
different types. An example of record type is shown below: Type
forecast is record
Tempr : integer range -100 to 100;
3. Access Types
Values belonging to an access type are pointers to
objects of other types. For example:
type ptr_weathr is access forecast;
43. B. Verilog Data Types
1. Nets
Nets are declared by the predefined word wire. Nets
have values that change continuously by the circuits that
are driving them.
Value Definition
0 Logic 0 (false)
1 Logic 1 (true)
X Unknown
Z High impedance
44. 2. Register
Register, in contrast to nets, stores values until they are
updated.
Register, as its name suggests, represents data-storage
elements. Register is declared by the predefined word
reg.
Value Definition
0 Logic 0 (false)
1 Logic 1 (true)
X Unknown
Z High impedance
45. 3. Vectors
Vectors are multiple bits. A register or a net can be
declared as a vector. Vectors are declared by brackets [ ].
Examples of vectors are:
wire [3:0] a = 4’b1010;
reg [7:0] total = 8’d12;
The first statement declares a net ‘a’. It has four bits, and
its initial value is 1010 (b stands for bit). The second
statement declares a register ‘total’. Its size is eight bits,
and its value is decimal 12 (d stands for decimal). Vectors
are implemented in almost all subsequent chapters.
46. 4. Integers
Integers are declared by the predefined word ‘integer’.
5. Real
Real (floating-point) numbers are declared with the
predefined word real. Examples of real values are 2.4,
56.3, and 5e12. The value 5e12 is equal to 5 × 1012.
47. VHDL and Verilog comparison
Verilog is considered better when describing a system at the
gate or transistor level due to its use of predefined primitives
at this level.
VHDL is considered better at the system level; multiple
entity/architecture pairs lead to flexibility and ease in writing
code for complex systems.
48. Data Types
VHDL: Definitely a type-oriented language, and VHDL
types are built in or users can create and define them.
User-defined types give the user a tool to write the code
effectively; these types also support flexible coding.
VHDL can handle objects with multidimensional array
types.
Verilog: Compared to VHDL, Verilog data types are very
simple and easy to use. All types are defined by the
language.
49. Ease of Learning
VHDL: For beginners, VHDL may seem hard to learn
because of its rigid type requirements. Advanced users,
however, may find these rigid type requirements easier
to handle.
Verilog: Easy to learn, Verilog users just write the module
without worrying about what library or package should
be attached. Many of the statements in the language are
very similar to those in C language.
50. Libraries and Packages
VHDL: Libraries and packages can be easily attached to
the standard VHDL package. Packages can include
procedures and functions, and the package can be made
available to any module that needs to use it. Packages
are used to target a certain design.
Verilog: Libraries are not as easily implemented as in
VHDL, however the basic Verilog package includes
several libraries as integer part of the package.
51. VHDL Codes
Half adder
Library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity half_adder is
port(a,b:in bit; sum,carry:out bit);
end half_adder;
architecture data of half_adder is
begin
sum<= a xor b;
carry <= a and b;
end data;
52. Full Adder
Library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity full_adder is
port(a,b,c:in bit;
sum,carry:out bit);
end full_adder;
architecture data of full_adder is
begin sum<= a xor b xor c;
carry <= ((a and b) or (b and c) or (a and c));
end data;
53. VHDL Code for a Multiplexer
Library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity mux is
port(S1,S0,D0,D1,D2,D3:in bit;
Y:out bit);
end mux;
architecture data of mux is
begin
Y<= (not S0 and not S1 and D0) or (S0 and not S1 and D1) or
(not S0 and S1 and D2) or (S0 and S1 and D3);
end data;
54. VHDL Code for a Demultiplexer
Library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity demux is
port(S1,S0,D:in bit;
Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3:out bit);
end demux;
architecture data of demux is
begin
Y0<= ((Not S0) and (Not S1) and D);
Y1<= ((Not S0) and S1 and D);
Y2<= (S0 and (Not S1) and D);
Y3<= (S0 and S1 and D);
end data;
55. VHDL Code – 4 bit Parity Checker
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity parity_checker is
port (a0,a1,a2,a3 : in std_logic;
p : out std_logic);
end parity_checker;
architecture gcoej of parity_checker is
begin
p <= (((a0 xor a1) xor a2) xor a3);
end Gcoej;
56. Verilog code for 4-bit counter
module counter(count,enable,clk,rst_n);
input enable,clk,rst_n;
output reg[3:0] count;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
begin
if(~rst_n) counter <= 4'b0000;
else if (enable) counter <= counter + 4'b0001;
end