Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They are indicators of physiological functioning and health status. Vital signs should be assessed on admission, with changes in condition, and before and after procedures based on factors like medical diagnosis, comorbidities, treatment, and acuity level. There are different types of fever patterns like intermittent, remittent, sustained, and relapsing. Pulse is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and characteristics include rate, amplitude, rhythm, and regularity. Respiration involves ventilation, inhalation, exhalation, diffusion, and perfusion in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Blood pressure has a primary and secondary measurement.