Visual field testing is commonly used to evaluate glaucoma patients and measures peripheral and central vision. Central vision is for detailed sight and color vision using macula and cone cells. Peripheral vision detects motion and aids navigation using rod cells in the retina. Static perimetry tests one spot at a time while kinetic perimetry uses a moving stimulus to map boundaries and sensitivity. The Goldman perimeter is manual while automated perimeters are faster but test the same concepts to evaluate glaucoma and peripheral vision loss.

1. VISUAL FIELD

2. OVisual field testing is most often
performed on glaucoma patients.
OGlaucoma affects the peripheral vision
before central vision

3. OCentral vision:-
O located in a small area of the retina called
the macula.
O Cones cells are helping in seeing detail in
color and in relatively bright light
O Rest of the retina contains rod cells which
do not see detail.

4. OPeripheral vision :-
O Make us aware of the location of objects
in visual space
O Directs central vision toward a particular
object if desired

5. O Division of Labour - Central Field
O highly developed area of the retina responsible
for detailed vision,
O read, recognise faces, detect colours.
O Peripheral Field
O specialised in the detection of motion signals,
O enables safe navigation around our
environment.

6. Visual field testing
OA method by which measure the
extent of visual space and
sensitivity to it at any given moment

7. OBy increasing the intensity of a stimulus to
a known area of the retina until the
stimulus is seen
OTwo basic types of stimulus presentation:
O Static perimetry
O Kinetic perimetry

9. STATIC PERIMETRY
O The presentation of stimuli to one spot of the
retina in increasing levels of intensity until
the stimulus is seen
O Time consuming

10. O The Goldmann perimeter
O Automated perimeters

11. KINETIC PERIMETRY
OPresents moving stimulus of a
particular size and intensity
OThe stimulus is moved from a non-
seeing area toward the fixation point
until it is seen.

13. O A boundary is mapped for the particular
stimulus size and intensity
O The size and/or intensity of the stimulus is then
changed and another boundary is mapped
O Viewed together on a chart, these boundaries
give a picture of the overall extent of the visual
field
O Give a measure of the sensitivity of the visual
field,

14. Goldman perimeter
O Light stimulus is moved from outside of bowl
towards the centre.
O Manually operated.
O Light source can be varied in size and
brightness.
O Start with I4E brightest and smallest light
O And then reduced brightness of target to I3E and
then I4E – checking sensitivity
O If peripheral field reduced – increase size of
target III4E until using the largest target V4E
O Result is isopters