Occurrence and Ear Damage of Helicoverpa zea on Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Maize in the Field in Texas, U.S. and Its Susceptibility to Vip3A Protein
This document discusses recent developments and future prospects for insect pest control using transgenic crops. It reviews strategies being developed for novel transgenic insect pest control approaches. While transgenic crops expressing Bt toxins have benefits like higher yields and reduced pesticide use, there are concerns about the durability of pest resistance and potential pollution of non-transgenic crops. New research looks at incorporating genes from wild plants and cultural practices like refuges to address these issues. The effects of transgenic insect-resistant crops on non-target insects and their predators are also considered.
Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety that produces an insecticidal crystal protein called Cry protein derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The Cry protein is toxic only to certain insect pests like cotton bollworm and pink bollworm when they ingest it, causing them to stop feeding within a few days. Bt cotton was first commercialized in India in 2002 and its adoption has significantly increased cotton yields while decreasing insecticide use and costs for Indian farmers. However, Bt cotton also requires higher investment in seeds and irrigation. Ongoing research is developing new Bt cotton hybrids with additional traits like drought tolerance and disease resistance.
This document provides an overview of transgenic crops or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It begins by defining transgenic crops as plants containing genes artificially inserted from unrelated species using recombinant DNA technology. The document then discusses the aims of genetic engineering in crops, including introducing traits like pest and disease resistance. It also summarizes the status and adoption of transgenic crops globally. The rest of the document addresses various myths and controversies around transgenic crops, providing facts and evidence to counter claims about risks to health, the environment and farmers. It concludes by noting both benefits and tensions around GMO technology but argues that advances which contribute to sustainable food security should be welcomed.
This document discusses insect resistance in crops and the use of Bt cotton. It notes that 14% of potential crop yields are lost annually to insect pests. Bt cotton produces an insecticide by using a gene from Bacillus thurengiensis inserted into cotton plants, making the plants resistant to the cotton bollworm which can cause up to 70% yield loss. However, the document also lists some potential disadvantages of Bt crops, such as allergic reactions, tumor formation, high mortality/infertility in offspring, poor growth, and damage to various organs and the immune system.
Presentation insect resistant transgenic crops ahmad madni (21-12-2016)Ahmed Madni
This document discusses insect-resistant transgenic crops. It begins by defining transgenic crops as crops containing foreign genes that add new traits not found in wild-type crops, such as insect or herbicide resistance. The document then discusses how to develop insect-resistant plant lines through recombinant DNA technology and transformation techniques. As an example, it describes the construction of a plasmid expressing a cry1AC gene to produce Bt corn and cotton that are resistant to certain insects. The document notes both benefits of Bt crops, such as reduced pesticide use and increased yields, and potential risks, including effects on non-target organisms and transfer of transgenes to wild plants.
Bt gene insertion in wheat can help address the problem of increasing pest resistance to insecticidal sprays. The Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis produces an insecticidal toxin that is inserted into crop plants like cotton, corn, wheat and maize through genetic engineering techniques. This allows the plants to internally produce the toxin, killing insect pests without the need for concentrated insecticidal sprays. The Bt gene is isolated from B. thuringiensis bacteria and modified with a promoter and terminator sequence before being inserted into the plant genome using transformation methods like biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transformed plants are selected and grown in greenhouses before field testing to ensure expression of the Bt toxin and resistance
Transgenic cotton plants expressing a modified Bt crystal protein, Cry51Aa2.834_16, show potential for controlling Lygus bugs. The crystal structure of Cry51Aa2 was determined and variants were developed through mutagenesis and tested against Lygus hesperus and L. lineolaris. The variant Cry51Aa2.834_16 accumulated in cotton tissues and transgenic cotton events showed reductions in Lygus numbers compared to controls. Event GH_A710504 exhibited the best efficacy and is being developed as MON88702 for commercialization to control Lygus bugs and reduce insecticide use.
Occurrence and Ear Damage of Helicoverpa zea on Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Maize in the Field in Texas, U.S. and Its Susceptibility to Vip3A Protein
This document discusses recent developments and future prospects for insect pest control using transgenic crops. It reviews strategies being developed for novel transgenic insect pest control approaches. While transgenic crops expressing Bt toxins have benefits like higher yields and reduced pesticide use, there are concerns about the durability of pest resistance and potential pollution of non-transgenic crops. New research looks at incorporating genes from wild plants and cultural practices like refuges to address these issues. The effects of transgenic insect-resistant crops on non-target insects and their predators are also considered.
Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton variety that produces an insecticidal crystal protein called Cry protein derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The Cry protein is toxic only to certain insect pests like cotton bollworm and pink bollworm when they ingest it, causing them to stop feeding within a few days. Bt cotton was first commercialized in India in 2002 and its adoption has significantly increased cotton yields while decreasing insecticide use and costs for Indian farmers. However, Bt cotton also requires higher investment in seeds and irrigation. Ongoing research is developing new Bt cotton hybrids with additional traits like drought tolerance and disease resistance.
This document provides an overview of transgenic crops or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It begins by defining transgenic crops as plants containing genes artificially inserted from unrelated species using recombinant DNA technology. The document then discusses the aims of genetic engineering in crops, including introducing traits like pest and disease resistance. It also summarizes the status and adoption of transgenic crops globally. The rest of the document addresses various myths and controversies around transgenic crops, providing facts and evidence to counter claims about risks to health, the environment and farmers. It concludes by noting both benefits and tensions around GMO technology but argues that advances which contribute to sustainable food security should be welcomed.
This document discusses insect resistance in crops and the use of Bt cotton. It notes that 14% of potential crop yields are lost annually to insect pests. Bt cotton produces an insecticide by using a gene from Bacillus thurengiensis inserted into cotton plants, making the plants resistant to the cotton bollworm which can cause up to 70% yield loss. However, the document also lists some potential disadvantages of Bt crops, such as allergic reactions, tumor formation, high mortality/infertility in offspring, poor growth, and damage to various organs and the immune system.
Presentation insect resistant transgenic crops ahmad madni (21-12-2016)Ahmed Madni
This document discusses insect-resistant transgenic crops. It begins by defining transgenic crops as crops containing foreign genes that add new traits not found in wild-type crops, such as insect or herbicide resistance. The document then discusses how to develop insect-resistant plant lines through recombinant DNA technology and transformation techniques. As an example, it describes the construction of a plasmid expressing a cry1AC gene to produce Bt corn and cotton that are resistant to certain insects. The document notes both benefits of Bt crops, such as reduced pesticide use and increased yields, and potential risks, including effects on non-target organisms and transfer of transgenes to wild plants.
Bt gene insertion in wheat can help address the problem of increasing pest resistance to insecticidal sprays. The Bt gene from Bacillus thuringiensis produces an insecticidal toxin that is inserted into crop plants like cotton, corn, wheat and maize through genetic engineering techniques. This allows the plants to internally produce the toxin, killing insect pests without the need for concentrated insecticidal sprays. The Bt gene is isolated from B. thuringiensis bacteria and modified with a promoter and terminator sequence before being inserted into the plant genome using transformation methods like biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transformed plants are selected and grown in greenhouses before field testing to ensure expression of the Bt toxin and resistance
Transgenic cotton plants expressing a modified Bt crystal protein, Cry51Aa2.834_16, show potential for controlling Lygus bugs. The crystal structure of Cry51Aa2 was determined and variants were developed through mutagenesis and tested against Lygus hesperus and L. lineolaris. The variant Cry51Aa2.834_16 accumulated in cotton tissues and transgenic cotton events showed reductions in Lygus numbers compared to controls. Event GH_A710504 exhibited the best efficacy and is being developed as MON88702 for commercialization to control Lygus bugs and reduce insecticide use.
Transgenic crops are genetically modified crops containing genes artificially inserted from another species. The first GM crop was a tobacco plant in 1982, and the first approved for sale in the US was the FlavrSavr tomato in 1994. GM crops are developed using genetic engineering techniques to speed up traditional breeding and introduce a wider variety of genes. Potential benefits include increased yields, insect and disease resistance, and improved nutrition. However, there are also concerns about the impacts on human and environmental health.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces proteins toxic to certain insects. The first Bt corn was registered with the EPA in 1995. Bt corn provides over 99% control of European corn borers through Cry proteins in plant tissues that form pores in the insect's gut, causing paralysis and death.
Transgenics, Environmental Concerns & Biosafety Issues Related To BT GeneVikas Verma
1. The document discusses Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a soil bacterium that produces Cry proteins toxic to insect pests. Genes coding for these Cry proteins have been inserted into crops like cotton, making them insect resistant.
2. The development of transgenic crops involves identifying genes for desired traits, copying the genes, transferring them to plant tissues, regenerating plants, and extensive safety testing before commercialization.
3. Major concerns regarding Bt crops include their potential effects on human health, development of insect resistance, gene transfer to wild plants, and impacts on biodiversity. Proper regulation and labeling are important to address these environmental and safety issues.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
This document discusses transgenic and genetically modified plants. It outlines several important traits for crop improvement through genetic engineering, including high yield, nutritional quality, stress tolerance, and pest resistance. It provides examples of transgenic plants developed for various purposes, such as herbicide and insect resistance, delayed fruit ripening, nutritional enhancement, and virus resistance. The document focuses on transgenic plants developed for herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, virus resistance, delayed fruit ripening, and nutritional enhancement through examples like Golden Rice.
Colorado Potato Beetle: Organic Control OptionsElisaMendelsohn
The document summarizes organic control options for the Colorado potato beetle, a major pest of potatoes. It can completely defoliate potato crops if left uncontrolled. Cultural controls like crop rotation and physical barriers like trenches and row covers can help reduce beetle populations. Varieties that mature early may avoid peak beetle levels. Natural enemies provide some control but are rarely effective alone in commercial fields. Botanical insecticides including rotenone and neem products can help control beetles in early crop stages.
Role of biotechnology - gene silencing in plant disease controlAshajyothi Mushineni
An overview of role of biotechnology especially gene silencing approach in plant disease control and success achieved so far and way forward and it's importance in developing countries
Bt cotton was the first genetically modified crop approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2002. It was introduced to control bollworm pests and led to increased yields, profits, and cotton production while reducing insecticide use. Over time, more Bt cotton hybrids and events were approved as its cultivation expanded greatly, making India the largest producer and exporter of cotton in the world. Extensive research and regulatory trials were conducted over many years to develop Bt cotton in India.
The document discusses transgenic maize (corn) that has been genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides and pests. It focuses on Bt corn, which contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin lethal to the European corn borer. Bt corn provides effective control of this pest with little to no impact on other insects. While Bt corn reduces yield losses and costs of control, there are concerns about the evolution of pest resistance over time.
Terminator technology refers to plants that have been genetically modified to render sterile seeds at harvest – it is also called Genetic Use Restriction Technology or GURTS
Production of transgenics in oilseeds by Kanak SaxenaDr. Kanak Saxena
This document provides information about a credit seminar presentation on transgenic production in oilseed crops. It discusses the importance of oilseed crops in India, the need for transgenic technologies to improve oilseed production and address constraints. It outlines the steps involved in transgenic production, including identification of genes, gene transfer methods, regeneration of transformed cells, and field testing. Application of transgenics in various oilseed crops are presented as case studies, including herbicide resistance in soybean and brassica, and disease resistance in sunflower and brassica. Limitations of transgenic technologies are also noted. The conclusion states that transgenics offer potential for genetic improvement of crops and can generate new varieties to complement conventional breeding methods.
The document discusses Bt brinjal, a genetically modified eggplant that contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that makes it resistant to the fruit and shoot borer. It notes that Bt brinjal varieties were developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to reduce the need for pesticide spraying. It also lists some examples of "leapfrogging" technologies, including solar power in rural areas and mobile phone use exceeding landlines in India. The document concludes by introducing the team that developed Bt brinjal in India.
The document discusses molecular farming, which involves using plants or other organisms to produce valuable proteins or pharmaceuticals. It provides a brief history of molecular farming beginning in 1986. It then discusses various host systems used, including bacteria, yeast, algae, plant cell cultures, transgenic plants, and whole plants or animals. The costs of production are much lower for plant systems compared to other methods. Key plant expression systems include transgenic plants, plant cell suspensions, transplastomic plants, transient expression systems, and hydroponic cultures. Many therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, antibodies, and vaccines have been produced in different plant host systems. Some early commercial products included avidin, beta-glucuronidase, and trypsin. Leading
Potential impact of transgenic crops(GMOs) on biodiversity bikram giri
This presentation focus on the impact of genetically modified organism and plants on the biodiversity.This deals with the focus on the health related issue and environmental causes.Hope this presentation will be helpful to you all.Thanks
The document discusses several concerns regarding GM crops in India based on the experience with Bt cotton. It notes that the genetic transformation process is imprecise and that the regulatory system for GM crops needs to be more transparent and accountable. It also summarizes various studies that have found unintended effects of Bt cotton on soil health, animal health, pest resistance development, and pesticide usage. The document calls for assessing the relevance and impacts of GM technologies in India more rigorously before further commercial approvals.
Genetically modified organisms are defined as organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally, such as by transferring genes between non-related species. The first GM plants and animals were created in the 1970s-1980s and included E. coli bacteria containing human genes and transgenic mice. Since then, many other GM crops have been developed including Bt cotton in 1996, which resisted lepidopteran insects without the need for pesticides. More recent developments include safflower plants producing human insulin in 2008 and poplar trees with altered cellulose and lignin levels in 2009. Overall, GM technology has allowed for the introduction of useful traits like increased yield, herbicide and pest resistance, and nutritional enhancements
Bt technology uses genes from Bacillus thuringiensis to produce insecticidal crystal proteins in transgenic crops. There are several biosafety concerns regarding risks to human health from toxicity or allergies, as well as risks to the environment from increased insect resistance, gene flow to weeds or soil organisms, and effects on biodiversity. Regulatory agencies in India require various levels of approval from institutional biosafety committees, the Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation, and the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, depending on the type and scale of field trials or commercial releases of Bt crops.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Pros and cons of Transgenic crops current scenarioManjunath R
This document discusses the pros and cons of transgenic crops from both national and international perspectives. It provides examples of the benefits of transgenic crops, such as insect resistance, drought tolerance, disease resistance, and enhanced nutritional profiles. However, it also outlines some controversies, including potential human health impacts, environmental hazards like gene transfer to other species, and issues around intellectual property and corporate control. The document examines both sides of the transgenic crop debate through multiple sections and references.
Transgenic crops are genetically modified crops containing genes artificially inserted from another species. The first GM crop was a tobacco plant in 1982, and the first approved for sale in the US was the FlavrSavr tomato in 1994. GM crops are developed using genetic engineering techniques to speed up traditional breeding and introduce a wider variety of genes. Potential benefits include increased yields, insect and disease resistance, and improved nutrition. However, there are also concerns about the impacts on human and environmental health.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces proteins toxic to certain insects. The first Bt corn was registered with the EPA in 1995. Bt corn provides over 99% control of European corn borers through Cry proteins in plant tissues that form pores in the insect's gut, causing paralysis and death.
Transgenics, Environmental Concerns & Biosafety Issues Related To BT GeneVikas Verma
1. The document discusses Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a soil bacterium that produces Cry proteins toxic to insect pests. Genes coding for these Cry proteins have been inserted into crops like cotton, making them insect resistant.
2. The development of transgenic crops involves identifying genes for desired traits, copying the genes, transferring them to plant tissues, regenerating plants, and extensive safety testing before commercialization.
3. Major concerns regarding Bt crops include their potential effects on human health, development of insect resistance, gene transfer to wild plants, and impacts on biodiversity. Proper regulation and labeling are important to address these environmental and safety issues.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
This document discusses transgenic and genetically modified plants. It outlines several important traits for crop improvement through genetic engineering, including high yield, nutritional quality, stress tolerance, and pest resistance. It provides examples of transgenic plants developed for various purposes, such as herbicide and insect resistance, delayed fruit ripening, nutritional enhancement, and virus resistance. The document focuses on transgenic plants developed for herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, virus resistance, delayed fruit ripening, and nutritional enhancement through examples like Golden Rice.
Colorado Potato Beetle: Organic Control OptionsElisaMendelsohn
The document summarizes organic control options for the Colorado potato beetle, a major pest of potatoes. It can completely defoliate potato crops if left uncontrolled. Cultural controls like crop rotation and physical barriers like trenches and row covers can help reduce beetle populations. Varieties that mature early may avoid peak beetle levels. Natural enemies provide some control but are rarely effective alone in commercial fields. Botanical insecticides including rotenone and neem products can help control beetles in early crop stages.
Role of biotechnology - gene silencing in plant disease controlAshajyothi Mushineni
An overview of role of biotechnology especially gene silencing approach in plant disease control and success achieved so far and way forward and it's importance in developing countries
Bt cotton was the first genetically modified crop approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2002. It was introduced to control bollworm pests and led to increased yields, profits, and cotton production while reducing insecticide use. Over time, more Bt cotton hybrids and events were approved as its cultivation expanded greatly, making India the largest producer and exporter of cotton in the world. Extensive research and regulatory trials were conducted over many years to develop Bt cotton in India.
The document discusses transgenic maize (corn) that has been genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides and pests. It focuses on Bt corn, which contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis that produces a toxin lethal to the European corn borer. Bt corn provides effective control of this pest with little to no impact on other insects. While Bt corn reduces yield losses and costs of control, there are concerns about the evolution of pest resistance over time.
Terminator technology refers to plants that have been genetically modified to render sterile seeds at harvest – it is also called Genetic Use Restriction Technology or GURTS
Production of transgenics in oilseeds by Kanak SaxenaDr. Kanak Saxena
This document provides information about a credit seminar presentation on transgenic production in oilseed crops. It discusses the importance of oilseed crops in India, the need for transgenic technologies to improve oilseed production and address constraints. It outlines the steps involved in transgenic production, including identification of genes, gene transfer methods, regeneration of transformed cells, and field testing. Application of transgenics in various oilseed crops are presented as case studies, including herbicide resistance in soybean and brassica, and disease resistance in sunflower and brassica. Limitations of transgenic technologies are also noted. The conclusion states that transgenics offer potential for genetic improvement of crops and can generate new varieties to complement conventional breeding methods.
The document discusses Bt brinjal, a genetically modified eggplant that contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that makes it resistant to the fruit and shoot borer. It notes that Bt brinjal varieties were developed by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University to reduce the need for pesticide spraying. It also lists some examples of "leapfrogging" technologies, including solar power in rural areas and mobile phone use exceeding landlines in India. The document concludes by introducing the team that developed Bt brinjal in India.
The document discusses molecular farming, which involves using plants or other organisms to produce valuable proteins or pharmaceuticals. It provides a brief history of molecular farming beginning in 1986. It then discusses various host systems used, including bacteria, yeast, algae, plant cell cultures, transgenic plants, and whole plants or animals. The costs of production are much lower for plant systems compared to other methods. Key plant expression systems include transgenic plants, plant cell suspensions, transplastomic plants, transient expression systems, and hydroponic cultures. Many therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, antibodies, and vaccines have been produced in different plant host systems. Some early commercial products included avidin, beta-glucuronidase, and trypsin. Leading
Potential impact of transgenic crops(GMOs) on biodiversity bikram giri
This presentation focus on the impact of genetically modified organism and plants on the biodiversity.This deals with the focus on the health related issue and environmental causes.Hope this presentation will be helpful to you all.Thanks
The document discusses several concerns regarding GM crops in India based on the experience with Bt cotton. It notes that the genetic transformation process is imprecise and that the regulatory system for GM crops needs to be more transparent and accountable. It also summarizes various studies that have found unintended effects of Bt cotton on soil health, animal health, pest resistance development, and pesticide usage. The document calls for assessing the relevance and impacts of GM technologies in India more rigorously before further commercial approvals.
Genetically modified organisms are defined as organisms that have had their DNA altered in a way that does not occur naturally, such as by transferring genes between non-related species. The first GM plants and animals were created in the 1970s-1980s and included E. coli bacteria containing human genes and transgenic mice. Since then, many other GM crops have been developed including Bt cotton in 1996, which resisted lepidopteran insects without the need for pesticides. More recent developments include safflower plants producing human insulin in 2008 and poplar trees with altered cellulose and lignin levels in 2009. Overall, GM technology has allowed for the introduction of useful traits like increased yield, herbicide and pest resistance, and nutritional enhancements
Bt technology uses genes from Bacillus thuringiensis to produce insecticidal crystal proteins in transgenic crops. There are several biosafety concerns regarding risks to human health from toxicity or allergies, as well as risks to the environment from increased insect resistance, gene flow to weeds or soil organisms, and effects on biodiversity. Regulatory agencies in India require various levels of approval from institutional biosafety committees, the Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation, and the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee, depending on the type and scale of field trials or commercial releases of Bt crops.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Pros and cons of Transgenic crops current scenarioManjunath R
This document discusses the pros and cons of transgenic crops from both national and international perspectives. It provides examples of the benefits of transgenic crops, such as insect resistance, drought tolerance, disease resistance, and enhanced nutritional profiles. However, it also outlines some controversies, including potential human health impacts, environmental hazards like gene transfer to other species, and issues around intellectual property and corporate control. The document examines both sides of the transgenic crop debate through multiple sections and references.
Solutions for Impact in Emerging Markets: The role of biotechnologyICRISAT
To develop and deploy state-of-the-art infrastructure for conduct of transgenic research and to act as a clearinghouse for technology inputs, transgenic research leads/ prototypes with proof of concept derived from Indian research institutes, universities, and other likely sources.Also to evolve the technology to a point where a practical application can be demonstrated, and transfer this “evolved” technology for product development and distribution to appropriate agencies.
The document discusses genetically modified foods (GMFs) and their potential benefits and controversies. It argues that GMFs are acceptable if they are proven to be safe for human health and not harmful to the environment based on scientific evidence and international risk assessments. The document notes potential benefits of GMFs for crops, animals, the environment, and increasing global food security. However, it also acknowledges controversies around GMFs regarding their safety, corporate control of the food system, and ethics. It provides an overview of the regulatory system for GMFs in the Philippines and an example of a farmer who increased his yields and income through growing insect-resistant Bt corn. In conclusion, the document expresses support for GMF
Bt crops produce insecticidal proteins from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium. Reports have shown resistance developing in insect pests against various Bt proteins. Resistance has been reported in South Africa for Bt corn against the cereal stem borer for Cry1b protein. Resistance to Cry1F protein in Bt corn has also been found for fall armyworm in Puerto Rico. Pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac protein in Bt cotton has been reported in western India. Resistance management strategies like planting refuges and using pyramided Bt crops expressing multiple proteins are recommended to delay further resistance.
Herbicide Resistant Crops : Boon or Bane for Global Agriculture shivalika6
Acc to weed science society of America, Herbicide resistance is the inherited ability of a plant to survive and reproduce following exposure to a dose of herbicide normally lethal to the wild type
In a plant resistance may naturally occur or may get induced by such techniques as
genetic enggineering or a selection of variant produced by tissue culture.
It was altered response to a herbicide by a plant species which was earlier susceptible.
Process of transferring gene from one living organisms to another to serve specific purposes is called Genetic engineering
The crops produced by this process is called transgenic crops.
If gene transfer into the crop is responsible for the herbicide resistant then crops are called THRC’s .
HRC’s are genetically modified crops to which resistant to certain non-selective herbicides has been conferred.
1984, Commercially introduced in Canada through atrazine resistant canola variety.
1995, Monsanto introduced Roundup ready soybean.
1996, GM foods were first put on the market in USA.
71% of the of GM (genetically modified) plants were herbicide resistant. (Barber, 1999).
Cotton and rapeseed varieties are resistant to three herbicides- glyphosate, sulfonylurea and bromoxynil, in USA (DOWNEY 1999).
There are 22 transgenic crops approved for commercial use in the world till March 2008.
In the world, herbicide resistant corn, oilseed rape, soybean and cotton have been commercialized.
Transgenic cotton crop is allowed for cultivation in India.
Of the 29 countries that planted biotech crops in 2019, 19 countries were considered as biotech mega-countries, which grew at least 50,000 hectares .
The USA remained as the top producer of biotech crops globally, which planted 71.5 million hectares & Brazil landed on the second spot, with 52.8 million hectares in 2019.
Do u know where biotech crops are grown
More than 30 countries have planted biotech crop since 1996.
2.7 billion ha of biotech crops planted since 1996
17 million small, resource-poor farmers and their families totaling greater than 65 million people benefited from biotech crop in 2019
see where they were grown in 2019
Usa is the largest producer of biotech crops in the world,planting37.6% of global biotech crop area
10 countries in latin america planted biotech crop in 2019
Biotech canolas adoption rate in canada reached 95%
Brazil is the top developing country in the world planting biotech crops
Spain is the leading country planting biotech maize in europe
Malawi, euthopia and nigeria planted bt cotton for the first time in 2019
More than 6 million farmers in india planted 11.9 million hectare of bt-cotton.According to international service for the acquisition of agribiotech application In 2019
highest area and adoption rate was of biotech soyabean
which was cultivated in 91.9 million heactares
Biotech Maize was cultivated on 60.9 million hectares
Biotech cotton was cultivated in 25.7 million ha
Biotech canola in 10.1 million ha
And other
The document discusses genetically modified (GM) foods and crops. It provides background on GM foods and outlines some of their benefits, such as increased crop yields and pest resistance. However, it also notes there are ongoing ethical debates around potential human health and environmental impacts. The document examines GM crops developed so far, including tomatoes, papaya, pineapple, apples, salmon, maize, rice and mushrooms. It discusses the process for creating GM organisms and outlines regulatory frameworks and labeling requirements for GM foods. It also analyzes some perceived risks like antibiotic resistance and allergies, while concluding more research is needed to fully understand impacts.
This document discusses GMOs and related issues including risks and regulations. It outlines both the advantages and disadvantages of GMOs, such as increased crop yields but also potential risks to human health and the environment. The document examines myths around GMOs and discusses controversies including safety, intellectual property access, ethics, and labeling. It also reviews principles of risk analysis for GMOs and biosafety guidelines and regulations in India and internationally. In conclusion, the author notes the field of biosafety is controversial but proponents see benefits while critics see risks that may be unacceptable without sufficient scientific certainty and precautions.
The document discusses guidelines for the safe use of pesticides in agriculture in India, outlining the country's Insecticides Act and proposed new Pesticides Management Bill, pesticide consumption patterns, and principles of Good Agricultural Practices which aim to ensure safety, quality, and sustainability in food production through preventative measures and risk assessment when using pesticides.
Golden Rice has the potential to reduce vitamin A deficiency by more than half according to multiple studies. It is a cost-efficient and sustainable solution to deliver vitamin A compared to other interventions like supplementation and fortification which have limitations and are not reaching all people in need. The development of Golden Rice and other biofortified staple crops through conventional breeding or modern biotechnology can help address micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. International programs are working to biofortify important staple crops with provitamin A, iron, zinc and protein.
This document summarizes the progress made on Golden Rice, including:
- Updates on different versions developed (GR1 in 2000, improved GR2 in 2004-2005)
- Progress in developing GR2 events in different rice varieties, selecting lines based on beta-carotene levels and agronomic performance
- Details on the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway added to Golden Rice
- Plans to undergo further development and regulatory approval in countries with high rates of vitamin A deficiency, including field trials, compositional analysis, and consultation with regulatory agencies in the Philippines.
- Outlines timelines for completing nutritional studies and pursuing regulatory approval and farmer/consumer acceptance studies to allow for the potential release of Golden Rice.
The document discusses the history and applications of genetically modified plants. The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1982 using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. The first genetically modified crop approved for commercial sale in the US was the FlavrSavr tomato in 1994, which had a longer shelf life. Genetic engineering techniques are used to improve crop traits like herbicide and insect resistance, virus resistance, oil and fruit content, and abiotic stress tolerance.
Status of Transgenics in Pest Management: Global and Indian ScenarioJayantyadav94
A transgenic crop plant contains a foreign gene or group of genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. Up to 17 million farmers in 24 countries planted 189.8 million hectares (469 million acres) in 2017, an increase of 3% or 4.7 million hectares (11.6 million acres) from 2016.
Applications Of Biotechnology For Crop Improvement Prospects And ConstraintsAngela Shin
This document reviews the prospects and constraints of applying biotechnology for crop improvement. It discusses how biotechnology, including genetic engineering and genomics, can help meet increasing global food demand by developing crops with improved traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional quality. While biotechnology has great potential, ensuring biosafety and gaining public acceptance of genetically modified crops remain challenges. The review outlines various biotechnology applications for major crops and how techniques like genetic transformation and marker-assisted breeding can more rapidly introduce novel genes into elite varieties compared to conventional breeding. Overall, biotechnology is poised to play an important role in sustaining food production if its benefits are clearly communicated and technologies are responsibly developed and regulated.
This document discusses biosafety issues related to genetically modified crops. It provides background on GM crops and their history. It then outlines several biosafety concerns including the safety of inserted genes and proteins, ecological impacts such as increased weediness and effects on biodiversity, environmental concerns like secondary pest problems and insect resistance, and socioeconomic issues. The regulatory mechanisms in place in India to evaluate GM crops are also described, including the various competent authorities. International regulations like the Cartagena Protocol are also mentioned.
The document discusses the history and development of insect biotechnology. Some key points:
- Insect biotechnology was first introduced in Europe in 2002 under Professor Pennacchio in Italy.
- It involves using whole insects, their organs/cells/molecules, or symbiotic microbes in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
- The term "yellow biotechnology" was coined due to the yellow color of insect hemolymph, which has delivered chemicals, proteins, and microbes for various applications.
- Guide on insect biotechnology was published in 2007. Insect biotechnology can be used in fields like medicine, agriculture, and industry.
The document discusses the risks of infectious diseases carried by pests in food supply chains. It provides examples of major food recalls in the US due to contamination from Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes found in various food products. These recalls resulted in hundreds of reported illnesses and even deaths. The document emphasizes the importance of effective pest management and hygiene practices through programs like Total Hygiene Awareness Talk (THAT) to prevent pest infestations and cross-contamination, thereby protecting public health, maintaining business continuity, and preserving brand reputation.
Gene introgression from wild relatives to cultivated plantsManjappa Ganiger
This document summarizes a seminar on using crop wild relatives to introduce beneficial genes into cultivated crops. It discusses how crop wild relatives contain genetic diversity that can provide traits like pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved yields. Specific examples are given of introducing disease resistance genes from wild relatives into tomatoes and rust resistance genes into wheat. The use of wild rice species to develop rice varieties with improved resistance to various diseases and insects is also described.
A Review on Recent Advances of Packaging in Food IndustryPriyankaKilaniya
Effective food packaging provides number of purposes. It functions as a container to hold and transport the food product, as well as a barrier to protect the food from outside contamination such as water, light, odours, bacteria, dust, and mechanical damage by maintaining the food quality. The package may also include barriers to keep the product's moisture content or gas composition consistent. Furthermore, convenience is vital role in packaging, and the desire for quick opening, dispensing, and resealing packages that maintain product quality until fully consumed is increasing. To facilitate trading, encourage sales, and inform on content and nutritional attributes, the packaging must be communicative. For storage of food there is huge scope for modified atmosphere packaging, intelligent packaging, active packaging, and controlled atmosphere packaging. Active packaging has a variety of uses, including carbon dioxide absorbers and emitters, oxygen scavengers, antimicrobials, and moisture control agents. Smart packaging is another term for intelligent packaging. Edible packaging, self-cooling and self-heating packaging, micro packaging, and water-soluble packaging are some of the advancements in package material.
The Menu affects everything in a restaurant; as our friend and FCSI consultant Bill Main says, “The Menu is your blueprint for profitability.”
Let’s start with the segment. What will be your marketing and brand positioning? It depends on what menu items you serve. What type of cooking methods and equipment will you use? GUEST EXPERIENCE = FACILITY (Space) DESIGN + MENU + SERVPOINTS™
W.H. Bender & Associates
408-784-7371
whb@whbender.com
www.whbender.com
San Jose, California
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-b...AdelinePdelaCruz
Cacao, the main component used in the creation of chocolate and other cacao-based products is cacao beans, which are produced by the cacao tree in pods. The Maya and Aztecs, two of the earliest Mesoamerican civilizations, valued cacao as a sacred plant and used it in religious rituals, social gatherings, and medical treatments. It has a long and rich cultural history.
Panchkula offers a wide array of dining experiences. From traditional North Indian flavors to global cuisine, the city’s restaurants cater to every taste bud. Let’s dive into some of the best restaurants in Panchkula
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
3. 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
5. Elements of resistance management
6. References
3
Outline of presentation