Download as PDF, PPTX
Uploaded byAchin Simhal
Be a Bias Detective
This document discusses cognitive biases and defines several types. It begins by explaining that cognitive biases are tendencies of thinking that can lead people to make systematic errors in judgment. Some of the biases discussed include status quo bias (preference for maintaining the current situation), stereotype bias (unconscious attribution of qualities to social groups), confirmation bias (favoring information that confirms existing beliefs), and recency bias (remembering recent information best). The document traces the discovery of cognitive biases to the work of Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in 1972 and provides examples of how each bias can influence thinking.
Be a Bias Detective
- 1. Be a BiasDetective Understanding Cognitive Biases
- 2. Points to bediscussed... ● What is Cognitive Bias? ● The Discovery ● Status Quo Bias ● Stereotype Bias ● Confirmation Bias ● Halo Effect ● Recency Bias ● Take aways
- 3. What is CognitiveBias? Cognitive biases are tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to systematic deviations from a standard of rationality or good judgment, and are often studied in psychology and behavioral economics. There are unique 178 types of Cognitive Biases.
- 4. The Discovery (in1972) Amos Tversky Daniel Kahneman (1937 - 1996) (1934)
- 5. Status Quo bias Apreference for decisions that maintain the current state of affairs (status quo). Those affected by this bias choose not to divert from established behaviour unless there is compelling incentive to change.
- 6. Stereotype bias The unconsciousattribution of particular qualities to a member of a certain social group. Those affected by this bias subscribe easily to widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
- 7. Confirmation bias The tendency tosearch for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. Those affected by this bias actively seek out and assign more weight to evidence and information that confirms their hypothesis, and ignore or underweight evidence that could refute their hypothesis.
- 8. Halo Effect The tendencyfor a person's positive or negative traits to "spill over" from one personality area to another in others' perceptions of them. When an observer's overall impression of a person, company, brand, or product influences the observer's feelings and thoughts about that entity’s character or properties. Those affected by this bias will have a positive predisposition towards everything about a person or object if they like one aspect of it.
- 9. Recency Effect A tendencyto remember most recently presented items or experiences best. Those affected by this bias pay more attention to experiences in recent memory than experiences gathered over a longer period of time.
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.