Victor Hugo (1802-1885) was a prolific French poet, novelist, and dramatist who was a leading figure in the Romantic movement in France. He wrote famous works like The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Misérables. Hugo had a turbulent political career, going into exile for nearly 20 years after opposing Napoleon III's coup. He was revered as an advocate for democracy and humanitarian causes. Upon his death at age 83, over 2 million people participated in his state funeral procession in Paris, honoring his legacy as one of France's greatest writers.

28. Prepared by Dr. Arlene Salve Opina