This Presentation is about Modern Century literaure, Modernism, Poetry and Modern Novel. and Stream of Consiousness. also discuss about Poets and Novelists. This era started from 1900 to 1961
Modernism is a comprehensive movement which began in the closing years of the 19th century and has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.
This Presentation is about Modern Century literaure, Modernism, Poetry and Modern Novel. and Stream of Consiousness. also discuss about Poets and Novelists. This era started from 1900 to 1961
Modernism is a comprehensive movement which began in the closing years of the 19th century and has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation[1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970[2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951,[3]) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974,[4] 1977a,[5] 1977b[6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.[7][8] It attempts to capture the structure of phrasal categories with a single uniform structure called the X-bar schema, basing itself on the assumption that any phrase in natural language is an XP (X phrase) that is headed by a given syntactic category X. It played a significant role in resolving issues that phrase structure rules had, representative of which is the proliferation of grammatical rules, which is against the thesis of generative grammar.
X-bar theory was incorporated into both transformational and nontransformational theories of syntax, including government and binding theory (GB), generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG), lexical-functional grammar (LFG), and head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG).[9] Although recent work in the minimalist program has largely abandoned X-bar schemata in favor of bare phrase structure approaches, the theory's central assumptions are still valid in different forms and terms in many theories of minimalist syntax.
This presentation is for students of English literature. This presentation contains, History(social, political and economic) and literary features of Romantic age, poets, novelists and prose writers of the age.
Modern period literature, Modernism, Modern poetry.zainabnawaz15
This Presentation is about Modern Century literature, Modernism, Poetry and important poets and contrast of modernism and Victorian period. also discuss about Poets and Novelists. This era started from 1900 to 1961 .
Romanticism Lecture by Faisal Ahmed_WEEK 1_ENG 409Faisal Ahmed
This video lecture is on the definition, characteristics and causes of Romanticism and a brief but sketchy explanation over Romantic Literature and Romantic Era in English Literature. This lecture is in Week 1 of e-learning for the course Romantic Literature- 2 (ENG 409) at World University of Bangladesh.
Faisal Ahmed
Faculty Member
Department of English
World University of Bangladesh (WUB)
This is a brief introduction to Shakespeare and his literary work, a lecture taught to the undergraduate students of Kandahar University, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Department of English.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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1. Kandahar University
Faculty of Languages and Literature
Department of English
SCHOOLS AND LITERARY MOVEMENTS
OF WESTERN LITERATURE
INSTRUCTOR: ASSISTANT PROESSOR RAHMATULLAH KATAWAZAI
5. Realism:
Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after
the 1848 Revolution.
Realists rejected Romanticism, which had ruled French literature and art since
the late 18th century.
Realism revolted against the unusual subject matter and the exaggerated
emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.
Instead, it sought to represent real and typical contemporary people and
situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or disreputable
aspects of life.
6. Cont….
In France Balzac in Britain Charles Dickens and in Russia Leo
Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky are mentionable.
War and Peace of Tolstoy is one of example.
7. Magical Realism:
Magical (magic) realism The term magical realism (Magischer Realismus) had
its first use in 1925 in German art critic Franz Roh’s attempt.
Angela Carter's (British Novelist) Nights at the Circus (1984)
The first period is set in Germany in the 1920s, the second period in Central
America in the 1940s and the third period, beginning in 1955 in Latin America,
continues internationally to this day.
All these periods are linked by literary and artistic figures whose works spread
the influence of magic(al) realism around Europe, from Europe to Latin
America, and from Latin America to the rest of the world.
8. The key figures in the development of the term are the German art critic
Franz Roh best known for his work in the 1920s, the mid-twentieth-century
Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier, the Italian writer Massimo Bontempelli from
the 1920s and 1930s, the mid-twentieth-century Latin American literary
critic Angel Flores and the late twentieth-century Latin American Novelist
Gabriel García Márquez.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Isabel Allende , Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis
Borges, Salman Rushdie are well-known for their magical realism in their
literary works.
9. Surrealism: in the year 1922
In its rules, writers express their views without keeping linguistic
rules in their writing and ethical rules.
When compare with other genres, it can be mainly found in the
genre of poetry, because surrealists were trying to control people’s
minds through poetry.
Edward Young, Matthew Gregory, William Blake and Lewis Carroll
are mentionable in Britain.
French:
André Breton , Robert Desnos, Louis Aragon
10. Naturalism: In the late 19th to the End of 19th
Talks about the nature and it is tried to explore all the parts of Nature.
The followers of the this school try to show human beings powerless
toward nature and explore the darker sides of life.
Charles Darwin (English) Stephen Crane (U. S.) , Henry David Thoreau
(U. S.)
Guy de Maupassant (French)
Konstantin Stanislavski (Russian)
11. Symbolism: (In the 19th and early 20th)
In Europe, a new movement had been started in the late 19th and early 20th
century.
It had been lead by Charles Baudelaire in France and T. S. Eliot in Britain.
This movement was actually against the previous literary movements: Realism
and Romanticism.
Their principles were that they accepted qualities instead of individual emotions
of Romanticism.
It is then hard to know the meaning of Symbolist poets as T. S. Eliot in Britain.
T. S. Eliot used Conceit metaphor in his poetry.
12. Assignment
According to the roll NO, the first, second, third, fourth and
fifth students have been assigned to find out 5 modern
authors, their biographies and literary works briefly.
To prepare presentation for the upcoming class.
Everyone should be prepared in his turn. (Turn will be given
only once!)
To talk for 6 minutes only!
