This document outlines several literary movements of Western literature discussed in a course at Kandahar University. It provides brief overviews of Neo-classicism, Romanticism, Realism, Magical Realism, Surrealism, Naturalism, and Symbolism. For each movement, it lists some key authors and examples. It concludes by assigning the first five students the task of researching and presenting on five modern authors for an upcoming class, with a six minute time limit for each presentation.

1. Kandahar University
Faculty of Languages and Literature
Department of English
SCHOOLS AND LITERARY MOVEMENTS
OF WESTERN LITERATURE
INSTRUCTOR: ASSISTANT PROESSOR RAHMATULLAH KATAWAZAI

2. Neo-classism: (1660-1798)
Already discussed with details in previous lessons.
John Milton
Samuel Pepys
Alexander Pope
Jonathan Swift

3. Romanticism: 1798–1832
Already discussed with details in previous lessons.
Robert Burns
William Blake
William Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Robert Southey
Samuel Rogers
Sir Walter Scott
Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats

4. World Wide:
France:
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Victor Hugo
German:
Johan Wolfgang von Goethe
Sheller

5. Realism:
Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after
the 1848 Revolution.
Realists rejected Romanticism, which had ruled French literature and art since
the late 18th century.
Realism revolted against the unusual subject matter and the exaggerated
emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.
Instead, it sought to represent real and typical contemporary people and
situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or disreputable
aspects of life.

6. Cont….
In France Balzac in Britain Charles Dickens and in Russia Leo
Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky are mentionable.
War and Peace of Tolstoy is one of example.

7. Magical Realism:
Magical (magic) realism The term magical realism (Magischer Realismus) had
its first use in 1925 in German art critic Franz Roh’s attempt.
Angela Carter's (British Novelist) Nights at the Circus (1984)
The first period is set in Germany in the 1920s, the second period in Central
America in the 1940s and the third period, beginning in 1955 in Latin America,
continues internationally to this day.
All these periods are linked by literary and artistic figures whose works spread
the influence of magic(al) realism around Europe, from Europe to Latin
America, and from Latin America to the rest of the world.

8. The key figures in the development of the term are the German art critic
Franz Roh best known for his work in the 1920s, the mid-twentieth-century
Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier, the Italian writer Massimo Bontempelli from
the 1920s and 1930s, the mid-twentieth-century Latin American literary
critic Angel Flores and the late twentieth-century Latin American Novelist
Gabriel García Márquez.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Isabel Allende , Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis
Borges, Salman Rushdie are well-known for their magical realism in their
literary works.

9. Surrealism: in the year 1922
In its rules, writers express their views without keeping linguistic
rules in their writing and ethical rules.
When compare with other genres, it can be mainly found in the
genre of poetry, because surrealists were trying to control people’s
minds through poetry.
Edward Young, Matthew Gregory, William Blake and Lewis Carroll
are mentionable in Britain.
French:
André Breton , Robert Desnos, Louis Aragon

10. Naturalism: In the late 19th to the End of 19th
Talks about the nature and it is tried to explore all the parts of Nature.
The followers of the this school try to show human beings powerless
toward nature and explore the darker sides of life.
Charles Darwin (English) Stephen Crane (U. S.) , Henry David Thoreau
(U. S.)
Guy de Maupassant (French)
Konstantin Stanislavski (Russian)

11. Symbolism: (In the 19th and early 20th)
In Europe, a new movement had been started in the late 19th and early 20th
century.
It had been lead by Charles Baudelaire in France and T. S. Eliot in Britain.
This movement was actually against the previous literary movements: Realism
and Romanticism.
Their principles were that they accepted qualities instead of individual emotions
of Romanticism.
It is then hard to know the meaning of Symbolist poets as T. S. Eliot in Britain.
T. S. Eliot used Conceit metaphor in his poetry.

12. Assignment
According to the roll NO, the first, second, third, fourth and
fifth students have been assigned to find out 5 modern
authors, their biographies and literary works briefly.
To prepare presentation for the upcoming class.
Everyone should be prepared in his turn. (Turn will be given
only once!)
To talk for 6 minutes only!