This document summarizes important protozoan and rickettsial species, including their common names, the diseases they cause, definitive and intermediate hosts, locations of infection, and infective stages. It covers a wide range of protozoa that infect humans, livestock, poultry, and other animals, causing diseases such as malaria, babesiosis, toxoplasmosis, and trypanosomiasis. The document provides key details about the pathogenic protozoa and rickettsiae in a comprehensive yet concise manner.

1. 1
Protozoans’ & Rickettsias’ withimportant information:
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Entamoeba
histolytica
Amoebic
abscesses in
liver
Enteric Man, Monkey Musca, Lucila Liver, Intestine Cyst 8 nucleated
cyst.
Entamoeba invadens Amoebic
abscesses &
flask shaped
ulcer in liver
Enteric Captive snake &
other reptiles.
Liver,
Intestine,
colon, spleen
Cyst 1-4
nucleated
cyst.
Tritrichomonus foetus Bovine
trichomoniosis
Reproductive Cattle (only
pathogenic),
pig, horse, deer.
Uterus, vagina,
preputial
cavity, penis.
* Venereal
transmission
occurs.
* Cause early
abortion.
Trichomonus
gallianae/
T. columbae/
T. hepaticum/T. halli
Liver abscess Digestive Pigeon & other
birds.
Mouth,
oesophagus,
crop.
Trichomonus
vaginalis
Reproductive Human Prostate
urethra, vagina
Trophozoite
Girdia lambia Duodenal
irritation,
Diarrhea
Enteric Human, Pig,
Monkey.
Duodenum &
other parts of
intestine
Both
Trophozoite &
Cyst
Girdia canis Diarrhea &
dysentery.
Enteric Dog Duodenum &
Jejunum.
Both
Trophozoite &
Cyst

2. 2
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Hexamita meleagridis Catarrhal
enterits, lack of
tone, stagnant
bulbous
intestine,
edematous SI.
Eteric. Turkey,
chicken, duck &
Quail
Duodenum &
SI
Cyst
Histomonas
meleagridis
Necrotic lesion
in liver &
Kidney. Necrotic
foci in liver.
Enteric Turkey, Quail,
chicken,
peafowl,
Guinea fowl &
Phesant.
*Adult & egg of
Heterakis
galinarum.
*Earth warm
Cecal mucosa
& liver
parenchyma.
*Ghost line
form in liver.
Trypanosoma theileri Blood Cattle Tabanid flies. Epimastigote
Trypanosoma
melophagium
Blood Sheep Sheep kid Uncertain
Trypanosoma lewisi Blood Rat flies Epimastigote
Trypanosoma cruzi Chaga’s Disease Blood Man, dog, cat,
armadillo,
opossum
Kissing bugs Amestigote
Trypanosoma brucei Blood Domestic
animals.
Glossina spp Trypomestigote Sub-genus:
Trypanozoon
Trypanosoma
congolense
Nagana disease Blood Cattle, sheep,
horse, pig
Glossina spp Leg &
genetalia.
Trypomestigote Sub-genus:
Nannomenus
Trypanosoma evansi Surra Blood,
reproductive
Cattle, camel,
equine, dog etc.
Glossina spp Trypomestigote Sub-genus:
Trypanozoon
Trypanosoma
equininum
Mal de cardras
(disease of Hip)
Blood Horse Glossina spp Trypomestigote Sub-genus:
Trypanozoon
Trypanosoma
equiperdum
Dourine Blood Horse Glossina spp Trypomestigote Sub-genus:
Trypanozoon

3. 3
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Trypanosoma vivax
Sub-genus:
Duttonolla
Blood Cattle, sheep &
goat
Trypomestigote *kinetoblast
large &
terminal.
Leishmania donovani
donovani
Indian kala-
azar/Dum-dum
fever
Blood Human, dog &
wild animals.
Phelebotomus
spp,
Lutzomyia spp
Promestigote No reserver
host (RH).
Leishmania donovani
sensulato
African kala-azar Blood Human, dog &
wild animals.
Phelebotomus
spp,
Lutzomyia spp
Promestigote Squirrels &
Gerbils as
RH.
Leishmania infantum Mediterian kala-
azar
Blood Human, dog &
wild animals.
Phelebotomus
spp,
Lutzomyia spp
Promestigote RH: fox,
jackals, wolf,
dog.
Leishmania chagasi American kala-
azar
Blood Human, dog &
wild animals.
Phelebotomus
spp,
Lutzomyia spp
Promestigote RH: fox, dog.
Balantidium coli Ulceration,
enteritis &
dysentery.
Enteric Pig, man, cattle,
buffalo,
primates.
Lumen of large
intestine &
colon
Cyst
Eimeria tennela Haemorrhage &
white spot in
intestine.
Enteric Chicken Caeca Sporulated
oocyst
Asexual
reproduction
Eimeria necatrix Haemorrhage,
thickend wall &
white spot in
intestine.
Enteric Chicken Small intestine Sexual
reproduction
Eimeria meleagridis Thickening the
intestinal wall.
Enteric Turkey Small intestine 2 schizogony,
worldwide
distribution.

4. 4
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Eimeria adeneidides Swollen
edematous wall
& petechial
haemorrhage.
Enteric Turkey Small
intestine,
caecum, colon.
2 schizogony
Eimeria truncata Enlarged kidney,
small white
nodules, streaks
on surface.
Kidney Goose Kidney tubules Oocyst 100%
mortality in
gooslings inn
1-2 days.
Tyzzuria perniciosa Enteric Duck
Eimeria bovis Destruction of
villi of SI.
Enteric Ruminants Small intestine Sporulated
oocyst
Oocyst can
result in the
destruction
of 24 million
intestinal
cell.
Eimeria zuernii Blood stained
dysentery.
Enteric Ruminants Intestine Oocyst. More
pathogenic
then E. bovis
Cryptosporidium
bovis
Gastrointestinal
illness, watery
diarrhea.
Enteric Ruminants Intestine Oocyst. Direct lifecycle,
4 nacked
sporocyst
Isospora suis Diarrhea,
emaciation &
constipation.
Enteric Pig Intestine Oocyst.
Eimeria adebliecki Enteric Pig Intestine Oocyst. Most
pathogenic
Isospora canis/
cystoisospora canis
Enteric Dog Mice Small intestine Sporulated
oocyst.
Facultative
heteroxenous
developmental cycle

5. 5
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Isospora falis Enteric Cat, tiger Cat, mouse Small intestine Sporulated
oocyst
Isospora rivolta Enteric Cat Cat, mouse Small intestine Sporulated
oocyst
Toxoplasma gondii Abortion,
stillbirth,
damage of CNS
in fetus
Enteric All falids. All mammals. Small intestine Tachyzoites Highly
zoonotic
significance.
Hammondia
hammondi
Cat Rodents,
Guinea pig, dog
Bradyzoites
Hepatozoon canis Muscle Dog, Cat Rhipicephalus
sanguieus
Skeletal
muscle, heart,
macrophage,
nutrophil
Neosapora caninum Progressive
ascending
paralysis,
hepatitis,
myocarditis
Muscle &
Enteric
Dog Dog, cattle Liver &
Muscle.
Bradyzoites Very similar
to T. gondii
Besnoitia besnoiti Lymph-
adenopathy
Skin Cat Cattle
Mechanical host:
Glossinapalpalis
Skin, S/c
tissue, dermis
Bradyzoites
Babesia bigemina Babesiosis/tick
fever/
Piroplasmosis/
Red fever/
Splenic fever/
biliary fever
Blood Cattle, Buffalo Boophilus microplus,
B. annulutus,
B. calcaratus,
Rhipicephalus bursa,
R. evertsi,
R. appendiculatus,
Haemaphysalis
puncta
In RBC Sporozoites Large
Babesia spp

6. 6
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Babesia bovis
Babesiosis/
tick fever/
Piroplasmosis
/Red fever/
Splenic fever/
biliary fever
Blood Cattle, Buffalo Boophilus
microplus,
B. calcaratus,
Rhipicephalus
bursa
In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia divergens Blood Cattle, Buffalo Ixodes ricinus In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia major Blood Cattle, Buffalo Haemaphysalis
puncta
In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia ovis,
Babesia motasi
Blood Sheep, Goat Rhipicephalus spp,
Haemaphysalis
spp,
Dermocentor spp
In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia equi,
Babesia carbali
Blood Horse Hyalloma spp,
Haemaphysalis
spp,
Dermocentor spp
In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia canisi,
Babesia gibsoni
Blood Dog Rhipicephalus
sanguineus,
Dermocentor spp
In RBC Sporozoites
Babesia trautmanni Blood Pig Rhipicephalus
sanguineus,
In RBC Sporozoites
Theileria parva East cost fever Blood Cattle, Buffalo Rhipicephalus
appendiculatus
Lymphocyte,
Histiocyte &
RBC
Sporozoites
Theileria annulata Mediterranean
or topical
theileriosis
Blood Cattle, Buffalo Hyalloma spp Lymphocyte,
Histiocyte &
RBC
Sporozoites
Theileria hirci Malignantovine/
caprinetheileriosis
Blood Sheep, Goat Hyalloma spp Lymphocyte,
Histiocyte& RBC
Sporozoites

7. 7
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Plasmodium
cathemerium
Malaria Blood Passerine bird Culex spp,
Aedes spp
RBC &
endothelial cell
of inner organ
Sporozoites
Plasmodium
gallinaceum
Malaria Blood Domestic
chicken of India
Aedes spp RBC &
endothelial cell
of inner organ
Sporozoites
Plasmodium
juxtanucleare
Malaria Blood Domestic
chicken of
south & central
Africa
Mosquito RBC &
endothelial cell
of inner organ
Sporozoites
Plasmodium relictum Malaria Blood Pegion,
mourning dove
Culex spp,
Anopheles spp,
Aedes spp
RBC &
endothelial cell
of inner organ
Sporozoites
Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria Blood Monkey,
macaques &
man
Anopheles
hackeri
RBC &
endothelial cell
of inner organ
Sporozoites
Haemoproteus
columbae
Anorexia &
Anemia
Blood Pigion, dove Pseudolynchia
canariensis
RBC &
epithelial cells
of blood vessel
of lung.
Sporozoites
Haemoproteus
meleagridis
Anorexia &
Anemia
Blood Turkey RBC &
epithelial cells
of blood vessel
of lung.
Sporozoites
Haemoproteus
nettionis
Anorexia &
Anemia
Blood Duck, Goose Culicoides
spanamensis
RBC &
epithelial cells
of blood vessel
of lung.
Sporozoites

8. 8
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
protozoa
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Haemoproteus
sacharovi
Anorexia &
Anemia
Blood Pigion, dove Culicoides spp RBC &
epithelial cells
of blood vessel
of lung.
Sporozoites
Haemoproteus
laphortyx
Anorexia &
Anemia
Blood Quail Lynchina
hirsuta
RBC &
epithelial cells
of blood vessel
of lung.
Sporozoites
Leucocytozoon
simondi
Anorexia,
dyspnea,
nervous signs,
seldom death.
Blood Domestic duck
& goose
Simulium
venustum,
S. crotoni,
S. euryadminiculum
Circulating
erythrocytes &
endothelial &
paranchymatous
cell of liver,
heart & kidney
Sporozoites
Leucocytozoon smithi Anorexia,
dyspnea,
nervous signs,
seldom death.
Blood Turkey Simulium
occidentale,
S. nigroparvum
Circulating
erythrocytes &
endothelial &
paranchymatous
cell of liver,
heart & kidney
Sporozoites Death upto
90%
Leucocytozoon
caulleryi
Anorexia,
dyspnea,
nervous signs,
seldom death.
Blood Domestic
chicken
Culicoides
arakawa
Circulating
erythrocytes &
endothelial &
paranchymatous
cell of liver,
heart & kidney
Sporozoites
Anaplasma
marginale
South African
gall sickness
Blood Cattle & Wild
Ruminents
20 tick spp i.e.
Boophilus spp
RBC Initial bodies

9. 9
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
organism
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Anaplasma
marginale
Blood Cattle & Wild
Ruminents
20 tick spp i.e.
Boophilus spp
RBC Initial bodies
Ehrlichia
phagocytophila
Tick borne fever Blood Sheep, cattle Ixodes ricinus Blood
leucocytes
Ehrlichia canis Canine
ehrlichosis,
Lahore disease,
Nairobi bleeding
disease, Lahope
canine fever,
Topical
pancytopenia
Blood Dog & other
canines
Rhipicephalus
sanguineus
Blood
leucocytes
Ehrlichia bovis Bovine
ehrlichosis,
nofel
Blood Cattle Ambhyomma sp
Rhipicephalus
sp,
Hyalloma spp
Blood
leucocytes
Ehrlichia ovina Blood Sheep Rhipicephalus
evertsi
Blood
leucocytes
Ehrlichia risticii Equine
ehrlichosis,
Equine ehrlichial
colitis, postmac
horse fever.
Blood Horse Blood
leucocytes
Eperythrozoon ovis Blood Sheep, goat Haematopinus
spp
RBC
Eperythrozoon suis Anorexia,
icteroanemia in
young pigs
Blood Pig Haematopinus
suis
RBC

10. 10
Species Common
name
Disease Type of
organism
Definitive
Host
Intermediate
host/Vector
Location Infective
stage
Comment
Eperythrozoon
parvum
Blood Pig Haematopinus
suis
RBC
Eperythrozoon
wenyoni
Blood Cattle Haematopinus
spp
RBC
Eperythrozoon falis Blood Cat Haematopinus
spp
RBC
Haemobartonella
canis
Blood Dog Rhipicephalus
sanguineus
Blood
Haemobartonella
felis
Blood Cat Blood
Haemobartonella
muris
Blood Rat, Mouse,
Hamster
Blood
Aegyptinella
pullorum
Blood Chickens,
goose, duck,
turkey
Blood
Aegyptinella
moshkoshii
Anemia,
splenomegaly &
degeneration of
Kidney.
Blood Chickens,
turkey & other
birds in Indian
subcontinent
Argas persicus RBC Initial bodies
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