It is about the Versatility of Packed Column over Plate Column. It has all types of Plate or Tray column and Plane column. Condition favoring for the columns and also advantages and disadvantages.
This document discusses the basic design of agitated vessels. It defines agitation as induced circulatory motion inside a container, while mixing is the random distribution of separate phases. Agitated vessel design considers factors like vessel shape, impeller type/size/placement, flow patterns, baffles, and power requirements. Common impeller types include axial-flow and radial-flow varieties. Baffles are used to prevent vortexes and direct flow. Power correlations can determine agitator power needs based on parameters like pumping number and Reynolds number.
A reboiler is a heat exchanger that provides heat to the bottom of a distillation column. There are several types of reboilers including kettle reboilers, thermosyphon reboilers, fired reboilers, and forced circulation reboilers. Kettle reboilers are simple devices where steam flows through tubes in a shell to heat liquid in the shell. Thermosyphon reboilers use density differences to circulate liquid without pumps. Fired reboilers use combustion to heat liquid circulating through tubes. Forced circulation reboilers use pumps to circulate liquid through shell and tube heat exchangers.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of mechanical seals including:
- Historical development showing how mechanical seals replaced packing seals.
- Definitions and basic components of mechanical seals such as stationary and rotary faces.
- Classification of mechanical seals by arrangement (single, dual) and design (pusher, non-pusher).
- Factors to consider when applying mechanical seals such as pressure, temperature and fluid properties.
Distillation is the basic and oldest chemical separation process used in the chemical industries and petroleum refining.
Let's recognize the difference between Packed and Plate columns in industry and the comparison of their usage!
An overview of distillation column design concepts and major design considerations. Explains distillation column design concepts, what you would provide to a professional distillation column designer, and what you can expect back from a distillation system design firm. To speak with an engineer about your distillation column project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
This document discusses flare technology and applications. It begins with an outline and defines a flare as safety equipment used to burn unwanted gases from oil, gas, and chemical plants. It notes that flares ensure safe combustion to prevent explosions. The document then discusses: the widespread use of flares globally; types of flares including utility, steam-assisted, air-assisted, and multi-point ground flares; factors that influence flare design and performance such as gas composition and flow rates; and issues with flaring including emissions and strategies to minimize flaring.
This document discusses the basic design of agitated vessels. It defines agitation as induced circulatory motion inside a container, while mixing is the random distribution of separate phases. Agitated vessel design considers factors like vessel shape, impeller type/size/placement, flow patterns, baffles, and power requirements. Common impeller types include axial-flow and radial-flow varieties. Baffles are used to prevent vortexes and direct flow. Power correlations can determine agitator power needs based on parameters like pumping number and Reynolds number.
A reboiler is a heat exchanger that provides heat to the bottom of a distillation column. There are several types of reboilers including kettle reboilers, thermosyphon reboilers, fired reboilers, and forced circulation reboilers. Kettle reboilers are simple devices where steam flows through tubes in a shell to heat liquid in the shell. Thermosyphon reboilers use density differences to circulate liquid without pumps. Fired reboilers use combustion to heat liquid circulating through tubes. Forced circulation reboilers use pumps to circulate liquid through shell and tube heat exchangers.
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of mechanical seals including:
- Historical development showing how mechanical seals replaced packing seals.
- Definitions and basic components of mechanical seals such as stationary and rotary faces.
- Classification of mechanical seals by arrangement (single, dual) and design (pusher, non-pusher).
- Factors to consider when applying mechanical seals such as pressure, temperature and fluid properties.
Distillation is the basic and oldest chemical separation process used in the chemical industries and petroleum refining.
Let's recognize the difference between Packed and Plate columns in industry and the comparison of their usage!
An overview of distillation column design concepts and major design considerations. Explains distillation column design concepts, what you would provide to a professional distillation column designer, and what you can expect back from a distillation system design firm. To speak with an engineer about your distillation column project, call EPIC at 314-207-4250.
This document discusses flare technology and applications. It begins with an outline and defines a flare as safety equipment used to burn unwanted gases from oil, gas, and chemical plants. It notes that flares ensure safe combustion to prevent explosions. The document then discusses: the widespread use of flares globally; types of flares including utility, steam-assisted, air-assisted, and multi-point ground flares; factors that influence flare design and performance such as gas composition and flow rates; and issues with flaring including emissions and strategies to minimize flaring.
Definition and selection of design temperature and pressure prg.gg.gen.0001Efemena Doroh
This document provides guidelines for determining the design temperature and pressure of equipment and piping for oil and chemical plants. It defines key terms like operating temperature, design temperature, minimum metal temperature, and design pressure. It outlines general criteria for setting design temperature, such as adding 30°C to the maximum operating temperature below 343°C. It also provides special considerations and guidelines for various equipment types. Minimum design metal temperature should be set to avoid material brittleness at low temperatures and pressures.
Mechanical seals are used to prevent leakage between a rotating pump shaft and casing. They have two flat surfaces, one rotating with the shaft and one stationary. Proper selection of seal type, materials, and cooling method is important for long seal life. The main types are single or multi-spring seals, bellow seals, and seals that are balanced or unbalanced. Factors like pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and available space must be considered.
The document discusses factors that influence the design of vessels used in industrial processes. It focuses on selecting the appropriate vessel type based on the material properties, operating conditions, and intended function. The main types of vessels discussed are open vessels, closed cylindrical vessels with flat or conical bottoms, and spherical/modified spherical vessels. Criteria for selecting each type include operating pressure and temperature, material hazards, and storage volume.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on thermosyphon reboilers and their operational characteristics. It begins with an introduction to reboilers and thermosyphon reboilers. It then discusses the working principles and types of thermosyphon reboilers, including vertical and horizontal designs. The document reviews the operational characteristics of thermosyphon reboilers and how they are influenced by factors like temperature difference, operating pressure, and pipe diameter. It also compares advantages and disadvantages of vertical and horizontal designs. Finally, it discusses common industrial applications of thermosyphon reboilers and concludes with a summary of key points and references.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
Basics of two phase flow (gas-liquid) line sizingVikram Sharma
This document discusses two-phase flow line sizing for liquid-gas flows in piping systems. It describes the different flow regimes that can occur using Baker's flow regime map. The key steps outlined are: 1) determining the flow regime based on fluid properties and flow rates, 2) calculating pressure drops for the liquid and gas phases separately using correlations, 3) using a multiplier to determine the two-phase pressure drop based on the flow regime, and 4) summing pressure drops from friction, elevation changes, and fittings to obtain the total pressure drop. Care must be taken to size each pipe segment separately as properties and regimes can change along the line.
This document provides information on various types of pumps used in hydraulic systems. It discusses the basic classifications of pumps as either positive displacement pumps or non-positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps deliver a fixed volume of fluid per cycle, while non-positive displacement pumps output depends on resistance. Common positive displacement pump types described include gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps, and lobe pumps. Operating characteristics, advantages/disadvantages, and examples of different pump designs are provided. Factors that affect pump performance and potential problems that can occur are also summarized.
This presentation was created to provide a quick refresher to single-phase fluid flow line sizing. The content of this presentation was obtained from various literature (handbooks and website).
Please provide your comments
Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks ...Pradeep Dhondi
hi
i have made an excel base software base on API st.2000 "Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks" to make calculation easy and accurate , i have take many case study and verified my software got positive result.
if you think you need this software for design the vent , please go to "rajiravi.ml" website there you can find complete information base on software and information based on contact etc...
Centrifugal Compressor System Design & SimulationVijay Sarathy
The power point slides focuses on centrifugal compressor design, dynamic simulation including anti surge valve and hot gas bypass requirements. The topics covered are,
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Characteristics
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) Drivers
Typical Single Stage System
Start-up Scenario
Shutdown Scenario
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Scenario
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Design Philosophy
Anti-Surge System
Recycle Arrangements
CC Driver Arrangements
General Notes
Design of Tall Vessels (Distillation columns)Mayank Mehta
The document discusses the design of tall vessels used in chemical process industries. It covers stresses in the vessel shell from various loads including pressure, dead weight, wind, seismic forces, and eccentric loads. Methods are presented to determine equivalent stresses and longitudinal/axial stresses. Factors that influence the natural vibration period of vessels are also examined to avoid resonance from wind loads. The document provides equations to calculate stresses from different loads and determine the resultant longitudinal stresses in tall vessels under combined loading conditions.
The document discusses natural gas liquid (NGL) recovery processes. It describes several types of NGL recovery processes including refrigeration processes like mechanical refrigeration, self-refrigeration, and cryogenic refrigeration. It also discusses lean oil absorption, solid bed adsorption, membrane separation, and twister supersonic separation. The document provides details on different types of natural gas reservoirs and discusses various refrigeration techniques in depth. It concludes by mentioning modern NGL recovery processes are based on turbo expanders using reflux configurations.
The document discusses compressor working principles and types. It provides the following key points:
1) There are two basic principles of air or gas compression: positive displacement and dynamic compression. Positive displacement compressors reduce volume to increase pressure while dynamic compressors convert velocity to pressure.
2) Compressor types include centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. Centrifugal compressors use radial diffusers to increase pressure via Bernoulli's principle while reciprocating compressors use pistons in cylinders.
3) Capacity control methods for compressors include inlet guide vanes, blow-off valves, and modulating control to vary output between 100% to 10%. Operating parameters like inlet pressure and temperature influence compressor flow and power requirements
This document provides an overview of oil and gas separation and separator design. It discusses the purpose of separating oil, gas, and water streams and describes key principles of single-stage and multi-stage separation. It also outlines different types of separators, including horizontal and vertical separators. Horizontal separators use gravity to separate liquids from gases and include sections for inlet diversion, liquid collection, gas settling, and mist extraction. Vertical separators operate similarly with inlet diversion and counter-flow of liquids and gases.
Gaurvansh Sharma presented on the design of distillation columns. He discussed the different types of distillation including simple, steam, vacuum, and fractional distillation. He explained the components and internals of distillation columns, including trays, packings, condensers, reflux drums, and reboilers. Reboilers are heat exchangers that boil the liquid from the bottom of the column to generate vapors to drive the distillation separation. Sharma discussed factors that affect column performance and thanked the audience.
This document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for designing binary distillation columns. The method uses vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to graphically determine the theoretical number of stages required for separation. Operating lines are drawn on the VLE diagram based on the desired compositions of top and bottom products. Where these lines intersect represents equilibrium stages. The number of intersections equals the number of theoretical stages. Additional trays are needed based on tray efficiency. The feed point can also be determined from its vapor-liquid condition. Overall column design requires considering additional factors like tray spacing, diameter, and heating/cooling duties through an iterative process.
Phase separation occurs in a pressure vessel called a separator that is used to separate well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. Separators employ mechanisms like gravity settling, centrifugal force, and baffling to separate the phases. Separator design and performance is dependent on factors like flow rates, fluid properties, presence of impurities, and foaming tendencies. Common types of separators include test separators, production separators, and low temperature separators that are used for primary separation, secondary separation, and removal of specific phases like free water.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
This document discusses packed columns for distillation. It begins with an introduction to distillation and the types of distillation columns. It then focuses on packed columns, describing their components, types of packing materials and packing, design procedures, and methods for calculating packing height. It also covers applications of packed columns, advantages and disadvantages compared to tray columns, and examples of packed column usage.
Definition and selection of design temperature and pressure prg.gg.gen.0001Efemena Doroh
This document provides guidelines for determining the design temperature and pressure of equipment and piping for oil and chemical plants. It defines key terms like operating temperature, design temperature, minimum metal temperature, and design pressure. It outlines general criteria for setting design temperature, such as adding 30°C to the maximum operating temperature below 343°C. It also provides special considerations and guidelines for various equipment types. Minimum design metal temperature should be set to avoid material brittleness at low temperatures and pressures.
Mechanical seals are used to prevent leakage between a rotating pump shaft and casing. They have two flat surfaces, one rotating with the shaft and one stationary. Proper selection of seal type, materials, and cooling method is important for long seal life. The main types are single or multi-spring seals, bellow seals, and seals that are balanced or unbalanced. Factors like pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and available space must be considered.
The document discusses factors that influence the design of vessels used in industrial processes. It focuses on selecting the appropriate vessel type based on the material properties, operating conditions, and intended function. The main types of vessels discussed are open vessels, closed cylindrical vessels with flat or conical bottoms, and spherical/modified spherical vessels. Criteria for selecting each type include operating pressure and temperature, material hazards, and storage volume.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on thermosyphon reboilers and their operational characteristics. It begins with an introduction to reboilers and thermosyphon reboilers. It then discusses the working principles and types of thermosyphon reboilers, including vertical and horizontal designs. The document reviews the operational characteristics of thermosyphon reboilers and how they are influenced by factors like temperature difference, operating pressure, and pipe diameter. It also compares advantages and disadvantages of vertical and horizontal designs. Finally, it discusses common industrial applications of thermosyphon reboilers and concludes with a summary of key points and references.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SETTLE OUT CONDITIONS TUTORIALVijay Sarathy
Centrifugal Compressors are a preferred choice in gas transportation industry, mainly due to their ability to cater to varying loads. In the event of a compressor shutdown as a planned event, i.e., normal shutdown (NSD), the anti-surge valve is opened to recycle gas from the discharge back to the suction (thereby moving the operating point away from the surge line) and the compressor is tripped via the driver (electric motor or Gas turbine / Steam Turbine). In the case of an unplanned event, i.e., emergency shutdown such as power failure, the compressor trips first followed by the anti-surge valve opening. In doing so, the gas content in the suction side & discharge side mix.
Therefore, settle out conditions is explained as the equilibrium pressure and temperature reached in the compressor piping and equipment volume following a compressor shutdown
Basics of two phase flow (gas-liquid) line sizingVikram Sharma
This document discusses two-phase flow line sizing for liquid-gas flows in piping systems. It describes the different flow regimes that can occur using Baker's flow regime map. The key steps outlined are: 1) determining the flow regime based on fluid properties and flow rates, 2) calculating pressure drops for the liquid and gas phases separately using correlations, 3) using a multiplier to determine the two-phase pressure drop based on the flow regime, and 4) summing pressure drops from friction, elevation changes, and fittings to obtain the total pressure drop. Care must be taken to size each pipe segment separately as properties and regimes can change along the line.
This document provides information on various types of pumps used in hydraulic systems. It discusses the basic classifications of pumps as either positive displacement pumps or non-positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps deliver a fixed volume of fluid per cycle, while non-positive displacement pumps output depends on resistance. Common positive displacement pump types described include gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps, and lobe pumps. Operating characteristics, advantages/disadvantages, and examples of different pump designs are provided. Factors that affect pump performance and potential problems that can occur are also summarized.
This presentation was created to provide a quick refresher to single-phase fluid flow line sizing. The content of this presentation was obtained from various literature (handbooks and website).
Please provide your comments
Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks ...Pradeep Dhondi
hi
i have made an excel base software base on API st.2000 "Design Calculations of Venting in Atmospheric and Low-pressure Storage Tanks" to make calculation easy and accurate , i have take many case study and verified my software got positive result.
if you think you need this software for design the vent , please go to "rajiravi.ml" website there you can find complete information base on software and information based on contact etc...
Centrifugal Compressor System Design & SimulationVijay Sarathy
The power point slides focuses on centrifugal compressor design, dynamic simulation including anti surge valve and hot gas bypass requirements. The topics covered are,
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Characteristics
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) Drivers
Typical Single Stage System
Start-up Scenario
Shutdown Scenario
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Scenario
Centrifugal Compressor (CC) System Design Philosophy
Anti-Surge System
Recycle Arrangements
CC Driver Arrangements
General Notes
Design of Tall Vessels (Distillation columns)Mayank Mehta
The document discusses the design of tall vessels used in chemical process industries. It covers stresses in the vessel shell from various loads including pressure, dead weight, wind, seismic forces, and eccentric loads. Methods are presented to determine equivalent stresses and longitudinal/axial stresses. Factors that influence the natural vibration period of vessels are also examined to avoid resonance from wind loads. The document provides equations to calculate stresses from different loads and determine the resultant longitudinal stresses in tall vessels under combined loading conditions.
The document discusses natural gas liquid (NGL) recovery processes. It describes several types of NGL recovery processes including refrigeration processes like mechanical refrigeration, self-refrigeration, and cryogenic refrigeration. It also discusses lean oil absorption, solid bed adsorption, membrane separation, and twister supersonic separation. The document provides details on different types of natural gas reservoirs and discusses various refrigeration techniques in depth. It concludes by mentioning modern NGL recovery processes are based on turbo expanders using reflux configurations.
The document discusses compressor working principles and types. It provides the following key points:
1) There are two basic principles of air or gas compression: positive displacement and dynamic compression. Positive displacement compressors reduce volume to increase pressure while dynamic compressors convert velocity to pressure.
2) Compressor types include centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. Centrifugal compressors use radial diffusers to increase pressure via Bernoulli's principle while reciprocating compressors use pistons in cylinders.
3) Capacity control methods for compressors include inlet guide vanes, blow-off valves, and modulating control to vary output between 100% to 10%. Operating parameters like inlet pressure and temperature influence compressor flow and power requirements
This document provides an overview of oil and gas separation and separator design. It discusses the purpose of separating oil, gas, and water streams and describes key principles of single-stage and multi-stage separation. It also outlines different types of separators, including horizontal and vertical separators. Horizontal separators use gravity to separate liquids from gases and include sections for inlet diversion, liquid collection, gas settling, and mist extraction. Vertical separators operate similarly with inlet diversion and counter-flow of liquids and gases.
Gaurvansh Sharma presented on the design of distillation columns. He discussed the different types of distillation including simple, steam, vacuum, and fractional distillation. He explained the components and internals of distillation columns, including trays, packings, condensers, reflux drums, and reboilers. Reboilers are heat exchangers that boil the liquid from the bottom of the column to generate vapors to drive the distillation separation. Sharma discussed factors that affect column performance and thanked the audience.
This document discusses the McCabe-Thiele method for designing binary distillation columns. The method uses vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to graphically determine the theoretical number of stages required for separation. Operating lines are drawn on the VLE diagram based on the desired compositions of top and bottom products. Where these lines intersect represents equilibrium stages. The number of intersections equals the number of theoretical stages. Additional trays are needed based on tray efficiency. The feed point can also be determined from its vapor-liquid condition. Overall column design requires considering additional factors like tray spacing, diameter, and heating/cooling duties through an iterative process.
Phase separation occurs in a pressure vessel called a separator that is used to separate well fluids produced from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components. Separators employ mechanisms like gravity settling, centrifugal force, and baffling to separate the phases. Separator design and performance is dependent on factors like flow rates, fluid properties, presence of impurities, and foaming tendencies. Common types of separators include test separators, production separators, and low temperature separators that are used for primary separation, secondary separation, and removal of specific phases like free water.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
This document discusses packed columns for distillation. It begins with an introduction to distillation and the types of distillation columns. It then focuses on packed columns, describing their components, types of packing materials and packing, design procedures, and methods for calculating packing height. It also covers applications of packed columns, advantages and disadvantages compared to tray columns, and examples of packed column usage.
Distillation is a process that separates mixtures into individual components based on differences in their boiling points. It works by heating the mixture to vaporize components with lower boiling points. When the vapor cools, the condensate contains more of the volatile components. Distillation columns contain trays or packings to facilitate contact between the vapor and liquid phases, allowing for efficient separation. Column design is based on vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the specific mixture and aims to achieve the desired separation with minimum energy usage and costs.
This document discusses various types of liquid-gas contact equipment, including packed towers, venturi scrubbers, wetted wall towers, spray towers, and tray towers. Packed towers are the most important type of liquid dispersed equipment, where a hollow vessel is filled with random or structured packing to improve contact between gas and liquid phases. The key factors in packed tower design include packing material, liquid distribution, redistribution, supports, and mist elimination. Tray towers offer advantages like easier liquid removal and side streams but have higher pressure drops and liquid holdup than packed towers.
Distillation columns separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. They contain internal components to facilitate vapor-liquid contact for separation. Common internal components include:
1) Tray types like bubble cap, sieve, and valve trays which direct the flow of vapor and liquid to improve contact across the column.
2) Structured packings which consist of corrugated metal sheets that force fluids into complicated paths, creating large surface area for contact between phases.
3) Packings provide more contact area than trays and allow for shorter, more efficient columns. Trayed columns provide separation in stages while packed columns provide continuous contact.
A common apparatus used in gas absorption, distillation and liq-liq extraction. Design and construction of packed towers, types of tower, packing materials, liquid distributers, types of packing...
molecular distillation and packed columm distillationkuldeepp4652
Theory of molecular distillation:-
The mean free path of a molecule is defined as the average distance through which a molecule can move without coming into collision with another. For material that are regarded as non volatile under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure are generally removed by this by increasing the mean free path.
Characteristics of the molecular distillation process:-
Very high vacuum
Evaporating surface must be close to the condensing surface
The liquid area is large to avoid boiling and evolution of the vapors is from surface only.
Packed distillation columns
Packed columns are used for distillation, gas absorption and liquid-liquid extraction.
The gas-liquid contact in a packed column is continuous, not stage-wise, as in a plate column.The liquid flows down in the column over a packing surface and the vapor (or the gas) movescounter-currently, up the column. The performance of a packed column is very dependent onthe maintenance of good liquid and gas distribution through the packed bed, and this is animportant consideration in packed column design
A packed tower uses packing material inside the tower to increase the surface area for gas absorption. Liquid is sprayed onto the top of the tower and flows down through the packed material while gas flows up counter-currently. This contact between the gas and liquid phases allows for absorption to take place. Bubble cap and sieve tray towers are alternatives to packed towers that use perforated plates or trays to facilitate contact between rising vapor and flowing liquid. The spacing and design of these trays is important for effective mass transfer between phases.
Basic distillation equipment and operationVivek Faldu
The document discusses basic distillation equipment and operation. It describes the main components of a distillation column including the shell, condenser, reboiler, and internals. It then focuses on packed towers, describing the types of packing materials used, including random packing like Raschig rings and structured packing. It also discusses design considerations for packing, liquid distribution, tray types for tray towers including bubble cap, valve, and sieve trays, and factors to consider when choosing between packed or tray towers.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
The document discusses various aspects of distillation column design including tray types, sizing considerations, flooding, efficiency, and special design features. It provides details on perforated, valve, bubble cap, and chimney trays as well as concepts like weir loading, distribution, and orientation of components. Tray selection depends on factors like volatility, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and desired throughput. Proper design aims to maximize capacity while avoiding issues that could reduce efficiency or damage equipment during start-up.
To promote intimate contact between the vapor and liquid, the distillation column contains internal devices. The internal devices may be grouped into two general categories: Tray-type and Packing-type.
The most widely applied trays in process industries are 1. Bubble cap trays, 2. Sieve trays and 3. Valve trays.
The document provides information about various components of HPLC systems including pumps, injectors, columns, detectors, and factors that affect their performance. It discusses different types of pumps like constant flow pumps and low-pressure gradient pumps. It describes the basic components and working of injectors and columns. It explains factors influencing column efficiency, resolution and separation like particle size, pore size, temperature etc. Finally, it discusses various detectors used in HPLC like UV-Vis, fluorescence, ELSD and their basic working principles.
24. PRODUCER GAS CLEANING METHODS.pptxRENERGISTICS
Producer gas should be cleaned from particulate and tar components using a series of gas cleaning system, such as scrubber, elutriator, and heat exchanger. The scrubber is functioning to take the particulate matters and heavy tars (primary tars) which may condense at temperature more than 200 °C out from producer gas.
The document discusses crude oil refining processes. It begins by explaining that crude oil is initially separated into fractions through distillation, but the distilled fractions require further processing to meet market needs. Additional complexity arises from environmental regulations requiring cleaner products. The document then provides details on various refining processes like distillation, solvent extraction, and cracking used to convert crude oil fractions into useful products like gasoline and diesel.
COURSE LINK:
https://www.chemicalengineeringguy.com/courses/gas-absorption-stripping/
Introduction:
Gas Absorption is one of the very first Mass Transfer Unit Operations studied in early process engineering. It is very important in several Separation Processes, as it is used extensively in the Chemical industry.
Understanding the concept behind Gas-Gas and Gas-Liquid mass transfer interaction will allow you to understand and model Absorbers, Strippers, Scrubbers, Washers, Bubblers, etc…
We will cover:
- REVIEW: Of Mass Transfer Basics required
- GAS-LIQUID interaction in the molecular level, the two-film theory
- ABSORPTION Theory
- Application of Absorption in the Industry
- Counter-current & Co-current Operation
- Several equipment to carry Gas-Liquid Operations
- Bubble, Spray, Packed and Tray Column equipments
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Packed Towers
- Pressure drop due to packings
- Solvent Selection
- Design & Operation of Tray Columns
- Single Component Absorption
- Single Component Stripping/Desorption
- Diluted and Concentrated Absorption
- Basics: Multicomponent Absorption
- Software Simulation for Absorption/Stripping Operations (ASPEN PLUS/HYSYS)
----
Please show the love! LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE!
More likes, sharings, suscribers: MORE VIDEOS!
-----
CONTACT ME
Chemical.Engineering.Guy@Gmail.com
www.ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com
http://facebook.com/Chemical.Engineering.Guy
You speak spanish? Visit my spanish channel -www.youtube.com/ChemEngIQA
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Mass transfer
Subject: 3.2 Equipment
Similar to Versatility of Packed Column over Plate Column (20)
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
2. Plate Column
A Plate Column (or Tray Column) is a chemical equipment used to carry out unit
operations where it is necessary to transfer mass between a liquid phase and a gas
phase.
The peculiarity of this gas-liquid contactor is that the gas comes in contact with liquid
through different stages; each stage is delimited by two plates (except the stage at the
top of the column and the stage at the bottom of the column).
Plate towers consist of a vertical column with liquid flowing in the top and out the
bottom. The vapor phase enters in the bottom of the column and exits out of the top.
Inside of the column are trays or plates. These trays force the liquid to flow back and
forth horizontally while the vapor bubbles up through holes in the trays.
The purpose of these trays is to increase the amount of contact area between the liquid
and vapor phases. Some common applications of plate columns are distillation, gas-
liquid absorption and liquid-liquid extraction.
In general, plate columns are suitable for both continuous and batch operations.
3. Sieve Trays
Sieve trays are simply metal plates with holes in them. Vapor passes
straight upward through the liquid on the plate. The arrangement, number
and size of the holes are design parameters.
Advantages
1. Simple construction,
2. Low entrainment,
3. Low maintenance cost
4. Low fouling tendency
Disadvantages
1. Less-flexible to varying loads than other two types
4. Bubble Cap Trays
A bubble cap tray has riser or chimney fitted over each hole, and a cap
that covers the riser. The cap is mounted so that there is a space
between riser and cap to allow the passage of vapor. Vapor rises
through the chimney and is directed downward by the cap, finally
discharging through slots in the cap, and finally bubbling through the
liquid on the tray.
Advantages
1. Moderate capacity
2. Most flexible (high & low vap. & liquid rates)
3. Can provide excellent turndown.
Disadvantages
1. High entrainment,
2. High fouling tendency
3. High cost,
4. High pressure drop
5. Valve Trays
In valve trays, perforations are covered by lift able caps. Vapor flows lifts
the caps, thus self creating a flow area for the passage of vapor. The
lifting cap directs the vapour to flow horizontally into the liquid, thus
providing better mixing than is possible in sieve trays.
Advantages:
1. Excellent liquid/vapour contacting.
2. Higher capacity.
3. Higher flexibility than sieve trays.
4. Can handle higher loadings.
5. Low-pressure drop than bubble cap.
6. Conditions favoring plate columns:
Plate columns can handle wide range of gas and liquid flow
rates.
Plate efficiency can be predicted more accurately
Plate column operation is considerably smooth.
Cooling arrangement can be provided in plate column.
Plate column provide stage wise contact.
When the liquid cause fouling or deposition of solids, even
though the tray is blocked up, it is easier to clean it and
manholes can be provided over the plate.
7. Packed Column
Packed columns are more suitable for low capacity operations.
Packed columns are particularly useful in the field of vacuum distillation.
Here column pressure drop is of paramount importance to minimize the
pressure and temperature at the bottom of the column.
For separating heat sensitive materials packed columns are useful
because the liquid hold up is low.
When corrosion is a problem packing may be the only answer.
Pressure drop per unit length is less in packed column.
Packed column provides continuous contact between the vapor and liquid
phases.
Packed columns are suitable for handling foaming system.
Modern high capacity pickings are available in practically any material.
Total weight of packed column is less due to use of low weight and high
capacity packing.
9. Design of Packed Column
The design procedure of a packed column consists of the following
steps:
1. Select the type and size of packing.
2. Determine the column height required for the specified separation.
3. Determine the column diameter (capacity), to handle the liquid and
vapor flow rates.
4. Select and design the column internal features: packing support,
liquid distributor and redistributors.
Specify
separation
requirements
Select type and
size of packing
Determine
column
height(z)
Determine
column
diameter
10. Conditions favoring plate columns:
Packed towers offer a lower pressure drop.
Packed towers are better for corrosive liquids
Packed towers are better at handling foaming system
small-diameter columns (less than 0.6m)
more choices in materials of construction for packings
especially in corrosive service (e.g. plastic, ceramic, metal
alloys)
less liquid entrainment · low liquid hold-up, especially suitable
for thermally sensitive material
foaming liquids can be handled more readily (less agitation of
liquid by the vapour)