Vermiculture - the culture of worms
Vermicomposting - the use of worms for composting organic materials.
Vermicompost - the product of vermicomposting containing worm castings, bedding materials as well as organic matter in various stages of decomposition.
Vermicasts - excreta of worms
Vermiculturist - the Worm Man or a person who farms, breeds and cares for WORMS. eg A professional WORMfarmer is called Vermiculturist.
INTRODUCTION Gorgonians are marine coelenterates (referring to the hollow body cavity) of the class Anthozoa, which include sea fans, sea whips, corals, sea anemones, and other related species.
Gorgonids are soft corals commonly known as sea fans or sea whips, coming under the subclass Octocorallia and have eightfold radial symmetry.
It composed of numerous polyps—cylindrical sessile (attached) forms—that grow together in a flat fanlike pattern.
They are colonial animals that have a beautiful, branching structure that is covered by soft tissue and are generally found in warm waters and around reefs.
Earthworms
Earthworms are the “intestine of the earth” said Aristotle they decompose organic matter like plants leaving decaying fruits and soil also. The soil fertility increases with an increase in the nutrients, proper aeration, and water-holding capacity, along with these factors microbial activities also have a huge impact on the soil.
Weeds are now a days occupying more space in the human living areas. it is diificult to control it by chemical methods. so we can use insect to control the weeds.
Dragonflies and damsenflies in Anawilundawa Ramsar wetland - Sri lankaKamindu Gayashan
A field workshop in Anawilundawa Wetland - Sri lanka
Special Acknowledgement -- Prof. Dilrukshi De Silva (Professor in Zoology), Dr. Pallewaththa (Senior lecturer in Zoology), Mr. Chamil Rajapaksha (Assistant Lecturer in Zoology) - University of Colombo
And the colleagues in the team..
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
INTRODUCTION Gorgonians are marine coelenterates (referring to the hollow body cavity) of the class Anthozoa, which include sea fans, sea whips, corals, sea anemones, and other related species.
Gorgonids are soft corals commonly known as sea fans or sea whips, coming under the subclass Octocorallia and have eightfold radial symmetry.
It composed of numerous polyps—cylindrical sessile (attached) forms—that grow together in a flat fanlike pattern.
They are colonial animals that have a beautiful, branching structure that is covered by soft tissue and are generally found in warm waters and around reefs.
Earthworms
Earthworms are the “intestine of the earth” said Aristotle they decompose organic matter like plants leaving decaying fruits and soil also. The soil fertility increases with an increase in the nutrients, proper aeration, and water-holding capacity, along with these factors microbial activities also have a huge impact on the soil.
Weeds are now a days occupying more space in the human living areas. it is diificult to control it by chemical methods. so we can use insect to control the weeds.
Dragonflies and damsenflies in Anawilundawa Ramsar wetland - Sri lankaKamindu Gayashan
A field workshop in Anawilundawa Wetland - Sri lanka
Special Acknowledgement -- Prof. Dilrukshi De Silva (Professor in Zoology), Dr. Pallewaththa (Senior lecturer in Zoology), Mr. Chamil Rajapaksha (Assistant Lecturer in Zoology) - University of Colombo
And the colleagues in the team..
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Understanding the Terminology
• Vermiculture - the culture of worms
• Vermicomposting - the use of worms for composting
organic materials.
• Vermicompost - the product of vermicomposting
containing worm castings, bedding materials as well as
organic matter in various stages of decomposition.
• Vermicasts - excreta of worms
• Vermiculturist - the Worm Man or a person who farms,
breeds and cares for WORMS. eg A professional
WORMfarmer is called Vermiculturist.
4. • These invertebrates are classified under Phylum
annelida otherwise known as Annelids.
• As the name implies, an annelid body is divided into
similar rings or segments.
• Worms under this group is divided into three classes.
• Composting worm species belong to Class Clitellata
under Order Oligochaeta.
• The representative type is the Lumbricus terrestis or
the Nightcrawlers commonly known as earthworms.
• These are also field worms known as Allolophora.
• Just like the nightcrawlers, they will attack almost all
organic matters from below.
• Nightcrawlers do not thrive during active composting
being killed more easily at high temperature.
6. • The earthworm life cycle, like many others,
starts with an egg. Within the egg, a young
earthworm develops until it is ready to hatch.
The egg is encased in an egg casing called a
cocoon. The number of eggs within one
cocoon can vary between species, ranging
between 1 and 20 from earthworm species in
the family Lumbricidae (but most species have
just 1).
7. • Cocoons tend to be ‘lemon’ shaped, but the
specific shape varies between species. The
amount of time that they take to hatch is also
very variable and can vary by species, but also by
environmental conditions. For example, for some
species the cocoons may hatch quicker in warmer
conditions than in cooler conditions and other
species may ‘wait out’ undesirable drought
conditions within the soil as the cocoon stage.
8. • Hatchlings look just like mini-earthworms,
they’re just smaller and paler. It can be easy to
confuse these with potworms (Enchytraeidae),
which are small segmented worms that are
closely related to earthworms. As the hatchling
feeds and grows it will gain the same colour as an
adult earthworm.
• Juvenile earthworms look very much like the
adults but are missing the saddle (or clitellum).
• Adults (or sexually mature) earthworms can be
easily recognised through the presence of the
saddle. Earthworms are hermaphrodite
organisms, meaning that each earthworm has
both male and female sexual reproduction organs
9. • Of about 350 species of earth worms in India
with various food and burrowing habits, Eisenia
fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatius are
some of the species for rearing to convert organic
wastes into manure.
• The worms feed on any biodegradable matter
ranging from coir waste to kitchen garbage and
vermicomposting units are ideally suited to
locations / units with generation of considerable
quantities of organic wastes.
10. Earthworms @ India
• The earthworm fauna of India is well reported as compared
to other Asian Countries. The most diverse families of
earthworm species in India are Megascolecidae comprises
153 species (119 native) of 15 genera; Octochaetidae with
130 species (129 native) of 29 genera and Moniligastridae
with 83 species (all native) of 3 genera. Especially diverse
earthworm genera of India belongs to
Moniligastridae Drawida (71 species); the
Megascolecidae Perionyx (56 species) and Megascolex (33
species); the Acanthodrilidae Plutellus (23 species); the
Octochaetidae Eutyphoeus (23 species), Hoplochaetella (19
species) and Octochaetona (15 species).
11. Three Types of Earthworm
• Anecic (Greek for “out of the earth”) – these are burrowing
worms that come to the surface at night to drag food down
into their permanent burrows deep within the mineral
layers of the soil. Example: the Canadian Night crawler.
• Endogeic (Greek for “within the earth”) – these are also
burrowing worms but their burrows are typically more
shallow and they feed on the organic matter already in the
soil, so they come to the surface only rarely.
• Epigeic (Greek for “upon the earth”) – these worms live in
the surface litter and feed on decaying organic matter. They
do not have permanent burrows. These “decomposers” are
the type of worm used in vermicomposting.
15. Eisenia fetida
• Eisenia fetida* / Eisenia andreii (common name, Red
Worm) Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andreii are the worm
species identified as the most useful in
vermicomposting systems and are the easiest to grow
in high-density culture because they tolerate the
widest range of environmental conditions and
fluctuations, and handling and disruption to their
environment of all species identified for this purpose.
• E. fetida/E. andreii are also common to virtually every
landmass on earth, meaning there is no concern over
importing potentially alien species to an environment
where they might cause damage.
17. 2. Eudrilus eugeniae
• This species is used in some vermicomposting systems
around the Mediterranean region and in some areas of
eastern Asia.
• Temperature range: Minimum; 45° F, maximum; 90° F,
ideal range; 70° F-80° F.
• Reproductive rate: Approximately 7 young per worm
per week under ideal conditions. Average number of
young per cocoon: Approximately 2.
• Time to emergence from the cocoon: Approximately
days under ideal conditions.
• Time to sexual maturity: Approximately days under
ideal conditions.
19. Perionyx excavatus (Indian Blue worm)
• The Perionyx excavatus lacks the alternate light & dark
banding of the E. fetida.
• P. excavatus tends to have a pale colored clitellum that
covers segments 13-17 and, for those inclined to look, has a
single dorsal pore visible using a hand lens on segment 14,
paired sperm pores at the juncture of segments 7/8 and
8/9, a pair of slit-like pores on segment 18, and paired rows
of excretory pores on each segment along the side of the
worm body. Per Kelly Slocum
• The Perionyx excavatus is much thinner than the E. fetida,
thus making the P. excavatus much more difficult to use as
a bait worm.
• The Perionyx excavatus has an irridescent blue sheen.
20. Vermicomposting using local varieties
of earthworms
• About two thousand five hundred species of earthworms have been
identified in the world of which more than five hundred species of
earthworms have been identified in India.
• Diversity of earthworm species varies with different types of soils
and hence choosing a local or native species of earthworm for the
local soil and for vermicomposting is an important step.
• There is no need to import earthworms from elsewhere. Local
species of earthworms that are generally used in India are Perionyx
excavatus and Lampito mauritii.
• These earthworms can be cultured or used in composting applying
simple procedures either in pits, crates, tanks, concrete rings or any
containers.
21. how to collect native earthworms.
• Identify worm-inhabited soils marked by visible
earthworm castings on the soil surface.
• Dissolve 500gm jaggery (native sugar) and 500gm
fresh cattle dung in 2 litres of water and sprinkle
on an area 1m x 1m surface soil.
• Cover with straw lumps and cover with an old
gunny bag.
• Keep sprinkling water for about 20 to 30 days.
• A combination of epigeic and anecic native
worms will aggregate in the spot that could be
collected and used.