LANE 334: Syntax , Second Semester 2010 , Instructor: Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar .

1. The Verb Phrase.D. Shadia Banjar.Presented by :Safaa Shuei Salem.ID/ 0879058Syntax 334 lane Safaa Shuei Salem.

2. Types or classes of verb:- Safaa Shuei Salem. Transitive Verb. Intransitive Verb. Ditransitive verb. Intensive Verb. Complex-trasitive Verb. Prepositional verb.

3. Rules to remember: Safaa Shuei Salem. Intensive verb: VP intensive verb + sC sC NP or PP or AP Complex – transitive verb : VP Complex – transitive verb + dO + oC dO NP oC NP or PP or AP Prepositional verb: VP prepositional verb + pO pO PP

5. That dogis a NP functioning as the direct object of the verb likes and the verb likes is a transitive verb.

6. e.g. Kate hugged the baby.

7. None of which can be used in a verb phrase without an object NP, as * Kate hugged

8. Kate hugged the baby. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V NP [trans] DET N Kate hugged the baby. S P dO

9. Intransitive verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. By contrast, the intransitive Verb, is a class of verb doesn’t take an object. In fact it requires nothing else to complete the verb phrase. e.g. Ken snores. S NPVP N V [intrans] Ken snores. S P

10. Ditransitive Verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. Another class of verb is ditransitive. This type of Verb requeires two objects. One of these is the familiar direct object dO, the other an INDIRECT OBJECT or iO for short. e.g. Ray told the children a story.

11. Ray told the children a story. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V NP NP DET N DET N Ray told the children a story. [ditrans] S P dO iO

12. Ray told a story to the children. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V NP PP DET N P NP DET N Ray told a story to the children. [ditrans] S dO iO P

13. Intensive Verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. Intensive Verb ( sometimes referred to as relational, linking, or copular) belong to a small group which include verbs like, be, seem, appear, become, look and so on. The bit that come after the verb functions as the SUBJECT COMPLEMENT, shorthand version sC.

14. Safaa Shuei Salem. e.g. Sally become a doctor. Form as NP e.g. George is in the garden. Form as PP e.g. Sue seems unhappy. Form as AdjP As you may noticed that the form are different while the function are the same sC.

15. Sally become a doctor. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V NP DET N Sally become a doctor. [intens]

16. Complex – transitive Verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. Another class of verb to appear with a complement is called complex -transitive. In this type of verb with the complement relates to the object. e.g. Kate thought John a fool.

17. Kate thought John a fool. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V NP NP N DET N kate thought John a fool. [Complex] S oC P dO

18. Prepositional Verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. Prepositional verb is one which requires a prepositional phrase in order to be complete. Verbs like glance at, lean on, refer to, fall into this class. e.g. sally leant on the table.

19. Sally leant on the table. Safaa Shuei Salem. S NP VP N V PP P NP DET N Sally leant on the table. [Complex] pO S P

20. Imperative Verb. Safaa Shuei Salem. Used to give commands or instructions. e.g. Close the door! S VP V NP DET N Close the door. [Trans] S dO

21. Rules to remember:- Safaa Shuei Salem. Transitive verb: VP transitive verb + dO dO NP Intransitive verb: VP intransitive verb Ditransitive verb: VP ditransitive verb + iO + dO iO NP dO NP

22. Thank you