This document discusses the human respiratory system. It describes the key parts of the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It explains the basic process of respiration which involves inspiration and expiration through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves. The document also discusses respiratory volumes and problems that can occur in the respiratory system.

1. The Respiratory System
Parts/Functions/
Respiration Process/
Respiratory Problem
/Taking Care of the
Respiratory System

2. Why do we
breathe?

3. What is Human Respiration?
 obtain oxygen,
 eliminate carbon dioxide.

5. Inspiration
Expiration
2
Phases
of
Breathing

6. The Mechanisms of
Breathing
O2 enters
The diaphragm
contracts or
flattens
The intercostal
muscles raise
the ribs
C02 exits
The diaphragm
relaxes
The intercostal
muscles lower
the ribs

7. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

8. Where is the respiratory center
of the brain?
Medulla
Oblongata
Pons
What other factor
controls the rhythm
and rate of
breathing?

9. CO2 Level in the
blood
pH of the blood
Fear and Pain

10. What are the CAUSES of altered
breathing patterns?
Coughing
Sneezing
Laughing
Crying
Hiccups
Yawning
Speaking

11. Apply Your Knowledge
Indicated whether each statement refers to (I) inhalation
or (E) exhalation:
__ The intercostal muscles lower the ribs
__ The diaphragm contracts or flattens
__ The intercostal muscles raise the ribs
__ The diaphragm relaxes
__ Air rich in O2 enters the lungs from the atmosphere
__ Air rich in C02 exits the lungs
ANSWER:
E
E
E
I
I
I

12. What are the Organs of the
Respiratory System?
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchial tree
 Lungs

13. Organs of the Respiratory system
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs –
alveoli

15. Human Respiratory System

16. REVIEW…
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose /
nasal
cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air
as it is inhaled
pharynx
(throat)
passageway for air, leads to
trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal
chords are located

17. REVIEW…
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
Trachea
(windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open" and is lined
with fine hairs called cilia which filter
air before it reaches the lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading
from the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the
lung where gases are exchanged

18. What are the
components of
upper and lower
respiratory
tract?

21. Checking your Understanding
Which of the following sites would be the most
lethal if obstructed by a foreign body?
a. Right bronchus
b. Left bronchus
c. Trachea
ANSWER:

22. Respiration Includes
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Transport of Respiratory
Gases
Internal Respiration

23. Pulmonary Ventilation
Air moves in and out
of lungs.

24. External
Respiration
 Gas exchange between blood and air at alveoli.
 O2 (oxygen) in air diffuses into blood.
 CO2 (carbon dioxide) in blood diffuses into air.

25.  Brings O2 from lungs  cells of the body.
 Takes CO2 from the cells throughout the body and return
to the lungs to be exhaled.
Transport of
Respiratory Gases

26.  Gas exchange in capillaries between blood and tissue
cells.
 O2 in blood diffuses into tissues.
 CO2 waste in tissues diffuses into blood.
Internal Respiration

27. Respiration Includes
Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Transport of Respiratory
Gases
Internal Respiration

28. What is a Respiratory Volume?
Different volumes of air move in and out of
lungs with different intensities of breathing.

30. Respiratory Volumes
Amount of air that moves in or
out of the lungs during a normal
breath
Amount of air that can be
forcefully inhaled following a
normal inhalation
Amount of air that can be
forcefully exhaled following a
normal exhalation
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory
Reserve
Volume
Expiratory
Reserve
Volume

31. Respiratory Volumes (cont.)
Amount of air that can be forcefully
exhaled after the deepest
inhalation possible
Volume of air that always remains
in the lungs even after a forceful
exhalation
The total amount of air the lungs
can hold
Residual
Volume
Total Lung
Capacity
Vital
Capacity

32. Checking your Understanding
___ Amount of air that moves during
a normal breath.
___ Amount of air that always
remains in the lungs.
___ Total amount of air the lungs
can hold .
___ Amount of air forcefully exhaled
after deepest inhalation possible.
A. Total lung
capacity
B. Residual
volume
C. Tidal volume
D. Vital capacity
Match the following:
ANSWER:
C
A
B
D

33. End of Chapter
The air of ideas
is the only air
worth breathing.
~Edith Wharton
That In All Things God May Be Glorified!