Varicose veins are twisted, enlarged veins. Any vein that is close to the skin's surface (superficial) can become varicosed. Varicose veins most commonly affect the veins in the legs. That's because standing and walking increase the pressure in the veins of the lower body.

1. VENOUS THROMBOSIS,
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT),
THROMBOPHLEBITIS,
AND PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS
Younas Masih
Senior Lecturer
Islamabad Nursing College

2. • Superficial veins, such as the greater saphenous, lesser
saphenous, cephalic, basilic, and external jugular veins, are
thick-walled muscular structures that lie just under the
skin
• Deep veins are thin-walled and have less muscle in the
media. They run parallel to arteries and bear the same
names as the arteries.

3. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)
Pathophysiology

4.  Varicose veins (varicosities) are abnormally dilated, tortuous, superficial
veins caused by incompetent venous valves
 Commonly occurs in the lower extremities, the saphenous
veins, or the lower trunk
 It can also occur elsewhere in the body, such as esophageal
varices

5.  Long standing
 Gender (common in females)
 Hereditary weakness of the vein
 Pregnancy
 Increased pressure by the gravid uterus
 Increased blood volume which all contribute to the development
 of varicose veins

7.  Venous hypertension
 Venous valvular incompetence
 Structural changes in the vein wall
 Inflammation
 Alterations in shear stress
Varicose Vein
Primary Secondary
Without involvement of
deep veins
Resulting from
obstruction of deep
veins
Reflux of venous
blood
venous stasis

8. Dull aches
Muscle cramps
Increased muscle fatigue in the lower
legs
Ankle edema
Feeling of the heaviness of the legs
• When deep venous obstruction results in varicose veins
Edema
Pain
Pigmentation
Ulcerations

9. Duplex scan
Venography
 Wearing tight socks or a constricting panty girdle
 Sitting or standing for long periods
 Walk 1 or 2 miles each day if there are no
contraindications
 Walking up the stairs rather than using the elevator or escalator is helpful in
promoting circulation.
 Swimming