1. Value
Creating forms and the illusion of
depth

2. Vocabulary
• Contour: The outline of a shape or the surface of the
form.
• Depth: A technique to show deep space on a two-
dimensional plane.
• Edge: the outside of a shape or form.
• Value scale: A series of blocks showing the gradual
increase of color shading
• Shading: A way of showing gradual changes in lightness
or darkness in a drawing or painting. Shading helps
make a picture look more three-dimensional.
Techniques include blending, stippling, hatching and
cross-hatching.

3. Vocabulary
• Contrast: The difference between two unlike
things, such as a dark color and a light color.
• Negative space: The empty space that
surrounds and defines a form or shape in a
artwork.
• Positive space: The space that a form or shape
occupies in an artwork.
• Depth: A technique to show deep space on a
two-dimensional plane.

4. Chiaroscuro
• Chiaroscuro is a method for applying value to
a two-dimensional piece of artwork to create
the illusion of a three-dimensional solid form.
This way of working was devised during the
Italian Renaissance and was used by artists
such as Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael

5. Rembrandt

6. Raphael

7. Carravagio

9. Leonardo da Vinci

10. Value Scale

11. Shading a sphere