The-Elements-and-Principles-of-art-pdf--

THE ELEMENTS OF ART
The building blocks or ingredients of art.

LINE
• A mark with length and direction.
• A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point.
Linear pattern in Leonardo da Vinci’s
Virgin and Child with St. Anne

HORIZONTAL LINES
• Suggest a feeling of rest or repose.

VERTICAL LINES
• Vertical lines often communicate a sense of height.

ZIGZAG LINES
• Zigzag lines convey action and excitement, as well as restlessness and
anxiety.

CURVE LINES
• Curve lines convey energy.

COLOR
• Consists of Hue (another word for color), Saturation (how bright or dull it is)
and Value (how light or dark it is).

WARM COLORS
• The colors of fire; red, yellow, orange. They seem to come forward and tend
to advance in space.
COOL COLORS
• Colors associated with water, wind and sky. They seem to move backwards
and recede in space.

NEUTRALS
• Only includes colors not found on the color wheel, such as beige, brown,
and gray. Includes neutral colors, like white, beige, brown, grey, or black.

MEANING & SIGNIFICANCE OF COLOR
● Red – bravery, courage, passion, love
● Blue – nobility, justice, peace, wisdom, honesty
● Yellow - happiness, hospitality, cowardice, pride
● Green – fertility, nature, hope, envy
● Orange – growth, food
● Violet – majesty, mystery
● Brown - practicality
● Black – grief, sorrow
● White – purity, kindness

SHAPE
• An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements; 2-
dimensional.

FORM
• A 3-dimensional object.
• Something in a 2-dimensional artwork that appears to be 3-dimensional.

SPACE
• The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things.
• In a two-dimensional drawing or painting, it refers to the arrangement of
objects on the picture plane to create an illusion of depth.
• The area around the primary objects in a work of art is known as negative
space, while the space occupied by the primary objects is known as positive
space.

TEXTURE
• The surface quality or “feel” of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness,
etc. Textures may be actual or implied.

THE PRINCIPLES OF ART
What we use to organize the Elements of Art,
or the tools to make art.

BALANCE
• Is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. It
is a state of equalized tension and equilibrium
• The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work.

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other.

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other.

EMPHASIS
• The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stands the most.
• It is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the
artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The
area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.
Artist Abdul Mari Imao – Sarimanok

The Shootings of May Third
by Francisco Goya 1808

VARIETY
The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work.

UNITY
When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing
image.
The Old Guitarist
By Pablo Picasso, 1904

PROPORTION
The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size,
quantity, or degree; SCALE.
Rainy Day
by Gustave Caillebotte

RHYTHM
• A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement.
• It is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to
create a feeling of organized movement.
• To keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is essential.
Achieved through:
Repetition
Progression

CONTRAST
A large difference between two things to create interest and tension.
Juan-Les-Pins
by Claude Monet

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