Value classification
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The document discusses various classifications and types of values. It summarizes Rokeach's value survey which separates values into two categories: terminal values, which are desirable end-states or goals; and instrumental values, which are preferable modes of behavior to achieve terminal values. It also outlines value classifications by Z.K Sajaranjiwallah based on biological, intrinsic and instrumental values, and by Eduard Spranger based on theoretical, economic, aesthetic, social, political and religious values. Finally, it lists different types of values such as aesthetic, material, personal, social, behavioral, spiritual, moral values as well as traditional Indian values and constitutional values.
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Economic. The economic person is interested in what is useful. Based originally on the satisfaction of bodily needs and self-preservation, the interest in usefulness extends to the practical affairs of the business world—the production and marketing of goods and the accumulation of wealth. This type of person is enterprising and efficient, reflecting the
Page 118
stereotype of the average businessperson. Economic values sometimes come into conflict with other values. The economic person wants education to be practical and regards unapplied knowledge as wasteful. Great feats of engineering and application result from the demands economic people make on people in science. Economic values may conflict with aesthetic values, such as in the advertising and promotion of products and services, except when art meets commercial ends. In relationships with people, the economic person is more likely to be interested in surpassing others in wealth than in dominating them politically or in serving them socially.
Aesthetic. The aesthetic person finds highest satisfaction in form, harmony, and beauty. The value of each single experience is judged from the standpoint of grace, symmetry, and fitness. The aesthetic person regards life as a procession of events, with each impression to be enjoyed for its own sake. An aesthetic person may or may not be a creative artist; the aesthetic person finds chief interest in the artistic episodes of life. Unlike the theoretical person, the aesthetic person usually chooses, with the poet John Keats, to consider truth as equivalent to be.
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Aesthetic. The aesthetic person finds highest satisfaction in form, harmony, and beauty. The value of each single experience is judged from the standpoint of grace, symmetry, and fitness. The aesthetic person regards life as a procession of events, with each impression to be enjoyed for its own sake. An aesthetic person may or may not be a creative artist; the aesthetic person finds chief interest in the artistic episodes of life. Unlike the theoretical person, the aesthetic person usually chooses, with the poet John Keats, to consider truth as equivalent to be.
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- While Raj's goal of working at a prestigious research institute is admirable, lying on his resume is unethical and could damage his reputation and career prospects if discovered.
- Raj rationalizes that the changes don't matter since he'll prove himself through good work. However, getting the job under false pretenses is dishonest and sets a poor foundation for the employment relationship.
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Value classification
- 1. MOUNT TABOR TRAINING COLLEGE, PATHANAPURAM SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY, Dr. GEORGE VARGHESE ALEENA.R ASSISTANT PROFESSOR B.Ed. PHYSICAL SCIENCE M.T.T.C PATHANAPURAM M.T.T.C PATHANAPURAM TOPIC: VALUE CLASSIFICATION 1
- 2. NAME : ALEENA R TITLE OF THE PAPER : EDU-12 LEARNER IN THE EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OPTIONAL : PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2 REG.NO : 18219303003
- 4. 4 ◈ The word “value” is derived from Latin word “valere” that mean 'to be strong' or 'to be grow'. ◈ Philosophical meaning of value is directly related to a view point or thought.
- 5. “ 5 “Values are socially approved desires and goals that are internalized through the process of conditioning, learning or socialization and that become subjective preferences, standards, and aspirations”. -R.K. Mukherjee
- 6. VALUE CLASSIFICATION TERMINAL VALUES Terminal Values refer to desirable end- states of existence. These are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his life time.These values vary among different groups of people in different cultures. eg : true friendship, equality, freedom etc. INSTRUMENTAL VALUES Instrumental Values refer to preferable modes of behavior. These are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values. eg : love, honesty,politeness, intellect, logic etc. Social psychologist Milton Rokeach developed a value classification system, Rokeach Value Survay(RVS). It consists of two set of values, 18 individual value items in each. one set is called Terminal values the other is called Instrumental values. 6
- 7. Classification by Z.K Sajaranjiwallah 1.BIOLOGICALVALUE Biological values provides complete freedom and choice to child. This value will lead to philosophy of naturalism. 2.INTRINSIC VALUE Intrinsic values refer to the value of ecosystems as ends to themselves and are often represented as moral duties.This value reflected in Idealism. 3.INSTRUMENTAL VALUE Instrumental values represent the value of ecosystems as merely means to an end and are often measured in monetary terms. This leads to Pragmatism 7
- 8. Classification by Eduard Spranger ◈ Theoretical Value Interest in the discovery of truth through reasoning and systematic thinking. The ideal theoretical man values the discovery of truth. ◈ Economic Value Interest in usefulness and practicality, including the accumulation of wealth. The ideal economic man values what is useful and concerned with practical affairs. 8 ◈ Aesthetic Value Interest in beauty, form and artistic harmony. The ideal aesthetic man values artistic and aesthetic experiences in life, though he himself may not be creative.
- 9. 9 ◈ Social value Interest in people and human relationships. The ideal social man places great values on affiliation and love. He tends to be kind and sympathetic to other individuals. ◈ Political Value Is the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, yellow is found between green and orange. ◈ Religious value Interest in unity and understanding the cosmos as a whole. The highest value for the ideal religious man may be called unit. Different people give different importance to the above mentioned six values. Every individuals gives ranking to the values from one to six. This is very important for understanding the behaviour of the people.
- 10. TYPES OF VALUES 10 ◈ Aesthetic Values ◈ Material Values ◈ Personal Values ◈ Social Values ◈ Behavioural Values ◈ Spiritual Values ◈ Moral Values
- 11. TRADITIONAL INDIAN VALUES ◈ Truth ◈ Beauty ◈ Goodness ◈ Spirituality ◈ Simplicity ◈ Tolerance ◈ Pursuit of truth ◈ Non-violence 11
- 12. CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES 12 ◈ Democracy ◈ Socialism ◈ Secularism ◈ Equality
- 13. UNIVERSAL VALUES 13 ◈ Truth ◈ Righteous conduct ◈ Non violence ◈ love ◈ World peace ◈ Human right ◈ Universal brother hood
- 14. ◈ https://www.slideshare.net/nandiniraj8/concept-of-value ◈ https://www.slideshare.net/g1e9e9t3u/assessment-of-values-ppt ◈ https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/values/essay-on-values-meaning- characteristics-and-importance/63830/ ◈ https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/society/values-its-meaning-characteristics-types- importance/35072/ ◈ https://www.iedunote.com/values 14
- 15. 15