This document discusses human values in the past, present, and future for national development. It begins by outlining the contents which include the need for values in Indian society, definitions of values, importance of values, theories of values formation, and how values have changed over time. In the past, the main values were dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. Currently, the key values are equality, liberty, justice, and fraternity. Looking ahead, future values may include integrity, self-actualization, and coexistence. The document emphasizes that developing strong values can provide meaning and purpose to life.

1. HUMAN VALUES
Past, Present and Future for
National Development
by-
Dr. Surendra Pal Singh (Assistant prof.)
Department of Teacher Education
D.S. College, Aligarh.

2. CONTENT
• Need of values in Indian society
• Meaning of Values
• Importance of Values
• Theories of Values
• Process of Values formation
• Values in Past
• Values in Present
• Values in Future

3. NEEDS OF VALUES IN INDIAN SOCIETY
Modern Indian society is an example of value
crisis society.
WESTERN EASTERN
ANCIENT MODERN

4. MEANING OF VALUES
VALERE – In Latin, Which means Be Strong.
VALOIR – In old French, which means Be Worth.
Value denote the degree of importance of something or action. With
the aim of determining what action are best to do or what way is
best to live or to describe the significance of different actions?
Value is a process which enable us to realise SATYAM, SHIVAM,
SUNDARAM.
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or
another, They serve as a guide for human behaviour.

5.  “Education is not limited to the imparting of
information or training of skills, It has to give
the education to a proper sense of values.”
- Dr. SARVPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN
 “Moral values, cultural values and a religion
maintain these values are far better than laws
and regulations.”
- SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
 “The right kind of education on moral values
will upgrade the society and the country.”
- A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM

6. IMPORTANCE OF VALUES
• Basic foundation of life.
• Motivate to move in Right and Meaningful path.
• Gives us Positivity to face any condition.
• Increases, Harmony in Cognitive, Affective And Psycho-
Motor domain.
• Decreases the Narrow thought processing.
• Increases the ability of decision making and adjusting in
any situation.
• Making good interpersonal and intrapersonal
relationships.

7. THEORIES OF VALUES
Generally values are related to human beings. So that
psychologist defined the values in different manner.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG - moral Development theory.
ERIC ERICSON - psycho-social Development.
JEAN PIAGET – cognitive interactional theory.
SIGMOND FROID – psycho-sexual theory.
JOHN WATSON - Behaviouristic theory.
ABRAHAM MASLOW - self Actualization theory.

8. PROCESS OF VALUE FORMATION
Generally value formation started from our birth.
Values are imposed from our family in our childhood and
increased day by day through Culture, Life Experience and
Social .
“Values are generally received through cultural
means, specially diffusion and transmission or
socialization.”
- LEO FORBENIUS

9. VALUES IN PAST
There were mainly four values- DHARMA, ARTHA,
KAMA AND MOKSHA.
 DHARMA ( DUTY) – MORAL VALUE – Moral of life, Moral
responsibilities.
 ARTHA ( MEANINGFULNESS) – ECONOMIC VALUE - Sense,
Goal or purpose of life.
 KAMA ( DESIRES) – VITAL VALUE – Emotional fulfilment,
Wishes, Sexual desires.
 MOKSHA (LIBERATION) – ETERNAL VALUE – Self
actualization, Self realization.

10. VALUES IN PRESENT
There are mainly four values – EQUALITY, LIBERTY,
JUSTICE AND FRATERNITY.
 EQUALITY – Every one has same RIGHTS AND ADVANTAGES.
 LIBERTY – Freedom of expression of THOUGHTS, FAITH AND
WORSHIP.
 JUSTICE – The fair treatment of people SOCIALLY,
ECONOMICALLY OR POLITICALLY.
 FRATERNITY – The feeling of friendship as well as support,
UNITY AND INTIGRITY.

11. Vales in future:
1. Integrity (yoga)
Men to men
Men to nature
Men to ultimate reality
2. self actualization
3. coexistence

12. ‘If we want to meaningfulness towards
our life, we have to create and develop
our vales.’
Thanks
With Regards