1) The document analyzes the value chain of Chiraito (Swertia chirayita), a medicinal herb cultivated in Taplejung district of Nepal that provides income to rural households.
2) It finds that while Chiraito cultivation has expanded, prices are decreasing and there are imbalances between market demand and supply.
3) Recommendations include improving production through training, developing value-added products, strengthening cooperation across the chain, and establishing Chiraito enterprises for sustainable livelihoods.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes belogs to family Solanaceae.
It is also known as King of vegetable/Poor’s Man’s Friend.
The potato became the first vegetable to be grown in space in october 1995 by NASA and the university of wisconsin, madison, created the technology with the goal of feeding astronauts on long space voyages, and eventually, feeding future space colonies.
Potato Research program (PRP) is establish under Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) in 1995 to carry out research and technology generation activities
11 varieties of potato released and 3 varieties registered And 2 True Potato Seed (TPS) progenies are registered .
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) a tetraploid with 48 chromosomes belogs to family Solanaceae.
It is also known as King of vegetable/Poor’s Man’s Friend.
The potato became the first vegetable to be grown in space in october 1995 by NASA and the university of wisconsin, madison, created the technology with the goal of feeding astronauts on long space voyages, and eventually, feeding future space colonies.
Potato Research program (PRP) is establish under Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) in 1995 to carry out research and technology generation activities
11 varieties of potato released and 3 varieties registered And 2 True Potato Seed (TPS) progenies are registered .
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
ICAR- IIHR, bangaluru
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam
Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Trichy
8 x 8 m (156 plants/ha) for conventional planting
Adopt high density planting at 8 x 4 m (312 plants / ha) for high productivity
Chirkey and foorkey disease of cardamom Suraj Poudel
This is a slide prepared about two viral diseases of Cardamom by me and sushil for classroom presentation of Pathology. All the photos inserted in this slides are downloaded from the internet and belongs to respective uploader.
Models for dairy-based livelihood improvement in Uttrakhand, India: Lessons f...ILRI
Presented by V. Padmakumar, C.T. Chacko, and Thanammal Ravichandran at the Workshop on Policy Dialogue on Mainstreaming Models for Dairy-based Livelihood Improvement in Uttrakhand, Dehradun, India, 19 December 2014
Participants on the 30th Global Young Leaders Programme (YLP) responded to International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)’s invitation to make business and strategic recommendations on ways to commercialise its research technology and used IRRI’s Nutrient Manager for Rice as a basis for a business model. Through a combination of classroom-based discussions and onsite visits to local communities, this YLP proposed the establishment of a new company to drive an integrated ICT platform to improve rice crop management and provide farmers with access to credit, farming-related information and services. This platform would give IRRI the opportunity to reach out and significantly impact the socio-economic livelihoods of smallholder farmers, whilst contributing to more environmentally sustainable farming methods.
ICAR- IIHR, bangaluru
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam
Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, Trichy
8 x 8 m (156 plants/ha) for conventional planting
Adopt high density planting at 8 x 4 m (312 plants / ha) for high productivity
Chirkey and foorkey disease of cardamom Suraj Poudel
This is a slide prepared about two viral diseases of Cardamom by me and sushil for classroom presentation of Pathology. All the photos inserted in this slides are downloaded from the internet and belongs to respective uploader.
Models for dairy-based livelihood improvement in Uttrakhand, India: Lessons f...ILRI
Presented by V. Padmakumar, C.T. Chacko, and Thanammal Ravichandran at the Workshop on Policy Dialogue on Mainstreaming Models for Dairy-based Livelihood Improvement in Uttrakhand, Dehradun, India, 19 December 2014
Participants on the 30th Global Young Leaders Programme (YLP) responded to International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)’s invitation to make business and strategic recommendations on ways to commercialise its research technology and used IRRI’s Nutrient Manager for Rice as a basis for a business model. Through a combination of classroom-based discussions and onsite visits to local communities, this YLP proposed the establishment of a new company to drive an integrated ICT platform to improve rice crop management and provide farmers with access to credit, farming-related information and services. This platform would give IRRI the opportunity to reach out and significantly impact the socio-economic livelihoods of smallholder farmers, whilst contributing to more environmentally sustainable farming methods.
Value Chain Analysis of Large Cardamom in Taplejung District of NepalIEREK Press
This study assessed the value chain analysis of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb) in Taplejung district, Nepal and explored the functional linkage and upgrading strategies among the key value chain actors. One hundred and sixty farmers weresurveyed purposely along with 5 local and district level traders, 5 regional level traders and exporters and 5 enablers who were sampled using rapid market appraisal in March 2018. The study presents a comparative analysis among large holders (n=72) and smallholders (n=88) large cardamom farmersusing SPSS and MS-Excel. The majority of farmers used suckers as propagating materials which was a major source of disease conduction. 62.5% of farmers adopted traditional dryers for curing, which reduced the quality of large cardamom whereas about 30% of them used improved dryers for curing that enhanced quality. The majority of farmers had not adopted value addition practices like tail cutting, grading and packaging which were carried out at trader level. Large cardamom prices were normally determined by the export market of India. The average land area of large cardamom per household was 21.56 ropani with 36.74 ropani for the large landholder farmers and 9.14 ropani for the smallholders. The key problems faced by farmers and traders were high price swing, lack of disease-free propagating materials, reliance on the Indian market, aged orchards, shrinking productivity, and minimal collaboration among the chain actors. Therefore, adoption of Good Management Practices (GMPs)-upgraded bhattis, transfer of tail cutting technology and storage management, along with value addition activities like grading (color and size), tail cutting and packaging need to be adopted with strong adherence to export quality. This study revealed that necessary action needs to be taken to maintain a high level of collaboration among the value chain actors thereby increasing the value chain efficiency of Nepalese large cardamom
Diagnostic Study of Farmer Producers Organizationneyamulbasar
In our internship time we were doing a study about the diagnostic study of farmers producers organization in Holalkere taluk, Chitraradurga District, karnataka state, India under the NGO og MYRADA. In this PPT, we find out the possibility of formation a FPO(Farmers Producers Organization) in assignment area........
Situation Analysis of Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP) at District LevelAruna Shukla
The presentation is situation analysis of Non Timber Forest Product availability, production, value addition and trade scenario for Humla, Doti, Mugu, Kalikot, Dailekh, Jumla, Bajura and Accham.
Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth – Save the Farmer CampaigneGov Magazine
Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth – Save the Farmer Campaign - Dr Shalini Rajneesh, Principal Secretary, Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of Karnataka
1. NECS 2016 opportunities for investment in bamboo processing Mr.George JennerFICCINorthEast
Presentation made at 3rd Northeast Connectivity Summit, 2016 on opportunities for investment in bamboo processing by Mr..George Jenner,Director, Industries & Commerce dept, Tripura
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
StarCompliance is a leading firm specializing in the recovery of stolen cryptocurrency. Our comprehensive services are designed to assist individuals and organizations in navigating the complex process of fraud reporting, investigation, and fund recovery. We combine cutting-edge technology with expert legal support to provide a robust solution for victims of crypto theft.
Our Services Include:
Reporting to Tracking Authorities:
We immediately notify all relevant centralized exchanges (CEX), decentralized exchanges (DEX), and wallet providers about the stolen cryptocurrency. This ensures that the stolen assets are flagged as scam transactions, making it impossible for the thief to use them.
Assistance with Filing Police Reports:
We guide you through the process of filing a valid police report. Our support team provides detailed instructions on which police department to contact and helps you complete the necessary paperwork within the critical 72-hour window.
Launching the Refund Process:
Our team of experienced lawyers can initiate lawsuits on your behalf and represent you in various jurisdictions around the world. They work diligently to recover your stolen funds and ensure that justice is served.
At StarCompliance, we understand the urgency and stress involved in dealing with cryptocurrency theft. Our dedicated team works quickly and efficiently to provide you with the support and expertise needed to recover your assets. Trust us to be your partner in navigating the complexities of the crypto world and safeguarding your investments.
Value chain analysis of Chiraito (Swertia chirayita) nepal
1. Value Chain Analysis of Chiraito
(Swertia chirayita)
Value Chain development for
commercial Chiraito Cultivation
in Taplejung, Nepal
Researchers
1. Damodar Gaire'(A. Professor, Tribhuvan
University, Institute of Forestry, Nepal
2. Rishi Ram Kattel (A. Professor, Agriculture and
Forestry University, Nepal )
Submitted to
The Poverty Alleviation Fund, Nepal
@ Gaire D, Kattel RM. 2018. Value Chain Analysis of Swertia Chirayita in Taplejung district,
Nepal. The report submitted to Poverty Alleviation Fund, Kathmandu, Nepal
2. Introduction
• Swertia chirayita, a perennial herb, is the major source of
income in rural households of eastern Nepal. It is locally known
as Chiraito, Tite and Pothi Chiraito in Taplejung district. Since
2005, local people have been cultivating Chiraito as a means and
ways for making living in the northern Taplejung (Pyakurel,
2013).
• The extensive cultivation practices have started in Nepal since
2014. The Mountain Institute (TMI) of Washington, D.C. reports
that they have trained more than 16,000 farmers to cultivate
and harvest medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Nepal as a
means to earn a living.
• The Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) has also invested for Chiraito
cultivation in Sirungkhim, Taplejung, cultivated 15000 Ropani
lands of 92 Chiraito farmers. Now, farmers would like to extend
the Chiraito farm for sustainable income and environmental
sustainability. However, price is decreasing in trends.
3. •Nepal supplies 45% of total Chiraito
production in the world. (Joshi and
Dhawan 2005)
•In Nepal Swertia chirayita is found in
55 hills and mountain districts
(Barakoti, 2004)
•In case of Taplejung, 85% of total
Chiraito production comes from the
Chiraito cultivation, and remaining
15 % comes from either community
forests or government managed
forests (DFO Taplejung, 2018).
•Map indicates the Chiraito
distribution in Nepal and the world.
Source: He, J, et al, 2018
Distribution of S. Chirayita
4. Surumkhim is situated at Sidingwa rural municipality of Taplejung
district. The Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) has also invested for Chiraito
cultivation in Sirungkhim, Taplejung, cultivated 15000 Ropani lands of 92
Chiraito farmers.
Chirayito Cultivation Areas
5. The main objective of the study is
to provide a comprehensive Value
Chain Analysis of Chiraito for both
market and social benefit.
Methods: Review of secondary data
information ,literature review, Focus
Group Discussion, Interview/Interaction
with traders, middleman, and Chiraito
cultivators
7. Market Analysis
0
1
2
3
4
5
Demands
of
seedlings
Grading of
Chiraito
Compressi
ng
Price
sensitivity
Demands
and supply
Knowledge
on legal
procedure
Cultivation
Technical
expertise
for…
Market Demand
Existing Situation
In the present situation
(According to the field visit
of Sirungkhim, Taplejung),
there was an imbalance
between market demands
and gaps of Chirayito.
Current Market Channel
Collector - > Village Trader -> Regional Trader - > Exporter
Collector - > Village Trader - > Exporter
Collector - > Village Trader - > Regional Trader - >Wholesaler - >Exporter
Figure: Market demands and gaps of Chirayito, (Source:
FDF, Taplejung, 2018)
8. ENABLERSACTORSFUNCTIONS
Export
Exporters
Tibet
(>40%)
India
(>50%)
Bangladesh
(>5%)
DOF, DPR, Custom,
FNCCI, NCC,
JAWAN, projects
Trading
Village Level Traders
/Middleman
District Level Traders
Regional Traders
DFOs, MFIs,
Cooperatives, NGOs
and Projects
Production Chiraito Cultivators, Collectors
Inputs /Raw
material supply
Private Chiraito cultivation
lands, GFs, CFs and PFs
PAF, DFOs, MFIs,
Cooperatives and
farmers` groups
PAF, MFIs and
Cooperatives
Existing Value Chain Map of Taplejung,
According to data
received from DFO
Taplejung (2018, The
allowable harvesting
amount of Chiraito is
39.5 tones. However,
26.3 tones of dried
Chiraito have been
transported in the fiscal
year 2074/2075 which is
comparatively low
compared to allowable
harvesting amount
9. Value
chain
level
Situation analysis Key Gaps Intervention activities
Inputs and
services
Farmers have cultivated the
Chiraito in sloppy and
uncultivated areas in their
own ideas and knowledge.
Farmers have not received
any facilities like quality
seeds, JT/JTA, Agro vet, etc.
Relay on other sources of
Chiraito Seeds
Quality Chiraito Seed production (village
based)
Cooperative investment on cultivation, soft
loan, etc.
Production Production is only 2-3
man/Ropani(1 man =40 Kg)
Farmers used to broadcast
the seeds directly in the
field with minimum land
preparation
Support farmers for land preparation,
manure and fertilizers, nursery
management, watering including soft loan
or revolving fund to Chiraito cultivators.
Collection/t
rading
Immature harvesting, not
appropriate post harvesting
technology
Lacks of technical experts
on Chiraito post-harvesting
techniques,
Information gaps on
Chiraito prices.
Training on post harvesting technology,
business information system, orientation
among farmers, middleman and traders.
Processing Limited processing of Chiraito,
only cleaning, drying and
storing
Lacks of herbal extract, not
any product of Chiraito
within the district
Formation of NTFPs cooperatives, value
addition (Pressuring, packaging, branding ),
Chiraito tea production, chiraito powder
End market High demands on seedlings,
price sensitivity, not any
grading system
Market demands and gaps
in Chiraito production.
Quality seedlings production, TOT on the
legal procedure of Chiraito to Farmers,
network building and value addition
Backward
linkage
Lacks of functional upgrading
in value chain of Chiraito
Not the meaningful
coordination from
producers to final products
Functional upgrading in overall chain of
Chiraito Value
Forward
linkage
Just only sell the Chiraito after
air/sun dried form
Lacks on collaboration
with herbal manufacturing
companies.
Chiraito product development
Existing
value chain
condition
and
appropriate
upgrading
strategies
10. Chirayito Sub -Sector VCD potentiality for five years
Aspects of Chiraito Sub-sector VCD Potentiality Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Income will be generated (Annual) (NRs. in Millions) 47.2 0.0 409.2 0.0 409.2
Initial Investment/loan fund required (Annual)(NRs., in
Million, both FC+OC)
47.2 15.2 51.3 15.2 51.3
Available capital fund (RF) from COs to be mobilized
(NRs. In Millions)
31.0 31.0 31.0 31.0 31.0
Loan fund to be required from external financial
institutions (NRs. Millions)
16.2 0.0 20.3 0.0 20.3
No. of Self Employed/No. of Entrepreneurs 620 620 620 620 620
No. of employment generated (seasonal) 1860 1860 1860 1860 1860
Production (quantity) (MT) 744 744
No. of potential SMEs to be created for value chain
(processing, marketing, and product diversification)
6 6
No. of employment to be generated by proposed
SMEs
62 62
Total employment generation, including enterprises
and SMEs from PAF intervention
2480 2480 2548 2548 2548
Return to Investment (RoI)% 309.2 309.2
Market Share (%) 35.9 35.9
No. of HH members benefited 11656 11656 11656 11656 11656
B/C ratio 3.9 3.9
11. Cost of Production
First year
Particulars Quantity Rate Total Remarks
Nursery preparation 12 600 7200
Pipe and other items purchase (set) 1 25500 25500
Land preparation 46 600 27600
Seeds (Kg) 0.5 6000 3000
Compost fertilizers (tons) 12 850 10200
plantation on the field 46 600 27600
Weeding and composting 32 600 19200
Regular watering (man days) 33 600 19800
Sub Total 140100
Second year
Particular Quantity Rate Total Remarks
Compost fertilizer 12 850 10200
Weeding and composting 32 600 19200
Regular watering (Man days) 33 600 19800
Sub Total 49200
Third Year
Particular Quantity Rate Total Remarks
Compost fertilizer 32 850 27200
Weeding and composting (Man days) 12 600 7200
Regular watering (Man days) 32 600 19200
Harvesting (Man days) 32 600 19200
Drying and storage (Man days) 45 600 27000
Sub Total 99800
Grant Total (cost of production/Ha) 289100
Grant Total (cost of production/Ropani) 14455
12. SWOT Analysis
Strength Weakness
• Local people have used their existing knowledge on
Chiraito Cultivation and collection.
• Government of Nepal has also prioritized S.
Chirayita for Domestication and cultivation (One
among the 13 major medicinal plants)
• Easy for plantation in marginal and underutilized
land;
• Farmers have already practiced and increased their
income through Chiraito cultivation in different parts
of Nepal.
At least two and half years cultivation time resulting less
interest of farmers for commercialization.
Requires higher effort on land preparation, production
process, any negligence can decrease productivity;
Quality seeds/seedlings of Chiraito can only be found in
limited places of Nepal
Variation of production (2-3/man/Ropani to 5-6/Man
Ropani) depending on manuring, watering , slope,
exposure and care and adjustment in Chiraito cultivation
areas.
Fluctuating prices (NRs 10000 -NRs60000/Man) (1 Man =
40 Kg )
Opportunities Threats
The products can be sold throughout the year
• Compressing opportunities to reduce transportation
cost;
• Possibility of making powders for industrial usage
• Value addition of Chiraito for getting good prices
• Community based Chiraito enterprise for income
generation and sustainable livelihoods.
• Products manufacture (Chiraito Herbal Tea, Power
form of Chiraito for Gastric, sugar and blood
pressure patients, Chiraito face wash, etc through
NTFPs cooperatives.
According to the field based FDG (Taplejung), it
was found that farmers collect or harvest Chiraito
in very immature stage which leads for
unsustainable harvesting.
95% of the market depending on India and china
only. The remaining 5% is Bangladesh and other
European countries .
Limited number of farmers on commercial
cultivation of Chiraito.
Disease/pest on Chiraito farm. Fungal disease is
the serious problem in the Chiraito farm.
Nutrient management and land preparation in the
slopy lands is the major threats in Chiraito
13. Conclusion
• 40 percent of the total production in Chirayito goes to China market
which is more than 10 percent of the previous year (2017) in
Taplejung. Agreement between Farmers` cooperative and buyers is
essential for encouraging farmers' towards Chiraito cultivation.
• The annual harvestable amount of Chiraito is 92 tons in Taplejung, and
demand for Chiraito is 102 tons. The imbalance between market
demands and Chiraito supply has been clearly seen.
• The Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) has been conducting Chiraito
Cultivation Project in coordination with Dalit Uthan Manch (DUM).
Local farmers got an opportunity for enhancing their knowledge
towards Chiraito cultivation.
• The farmers have been using the PAF`s revolving fund of NRs 10 lakhs
in Surumkhim (Sidingba Rural Municipality-7), Taplejung. The existing
chiraito cultivation areas vary from 1.5 Ropani to 35 Ropani. The
average area for Chiraito cultivation is 9.5 Ropani. Creating 650
enterprises up to 5 years will be the future prediction.
15. Cont..Recommendation
Upgrading Strategy Recommendations
Product Upgrading Quality Chiraito cultivation, collection, and marketing;
Process Upgrading Scientific collection practices, Organic cultivation, Use of compressing
Machine
Function Upgrading Cultivation of Chiraito focuses on poor and disadvantaged people in the
community, capacity building training, NTFPs based cooperative
management, crop insurance, soft loan
Channel Upgrading Best price: India or Tibet or Bangladesh (depending on demand and supply);
Inter firm Upgrading Facilitate in the formation of Chiraito based network ( including
Collector, cultivators, traders and supporting organizations); DFO Taplejung
plays the vital role for inter firm upgrading.
BDS+ FS Strengthening Technology transfer, Access to finance, Legal
Process for trade, sharing the market information, TOT trainer
development, Seedlings supply;
Business Enabling
Environment
Orientation and education on the process of legal trade of Chiraito from
Private land, CF land, and national forest;
Strengthening
Sustainability Strategy
Strengthening of Chiraito network for backward and forward linkages, PAF
plays the vital role in enhancing both linkages.
Source: Field Consultation, 2018