An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
This slide is about the type of hybrid vehicle available in the market along with the case study of some hybrid cars. It is prepared from the study paper - presented at the SAE Research Paper competition, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. The Research Paper on the above topic which is renamed as "Hybrid Vehicle: A Study on Technology" is published at http://www.ijert.org/view.php?id=12126&title=hybrid-vehicle-a-study-on-technology.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric power. Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have fewer moving parts for maintenance and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel).
This slide is about the type of hybrid vehicle available in the market along with the case study of some hybrid cars. It is prepared from the study paper - presented at the SAE Research Paper competition, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. The Research Paper on the above topic which is renamed as "Hybrid Vehicle: A Study on Technology" is published at http://www.ijert.org/view.php?id=12126&title=hybrid-vehicle-a-study-on-technology.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that operates on an electric motor, instead of an internal-combustion engine that generates power by burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobile, in order to address the issue of rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Though the concept of electric vehicles has been around for a long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel-based vehicles.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
Creating a PowerPoint presentation on the "Types of Electric Vehicles" can be a useful way to educate your audience about the various electric vehicle (EV) technologies available. Here's a short description for each type of electric vehicle that you can include in your presentation:
Slide 1: Title
Title: "Types of Electric Vehicles"
Slide 2: Introduction
Briefly introduce the topic and its importance.
Mention the environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles.
Slide 3: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Describe BEVs as vehicles that run solely on electric power.
Highlight their zero-emission nature.
Mention examples like Tesla Model 3 and Nissan Leaf.
Slide 4: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Explain PHEVs as vehicles that combine an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Emphasize their ability to drive on electric power and gasoline.
Mention examples like the Chevrolet Volt.
Slide 5: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
Define HEVs as vehicles with both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Explain how they use regenerative braking to charge the battery.
Mention examples like the Toyota Prius.
Slide 6: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Describe FCEVs as vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity to power the electric motor.
Emphasize their zero-emission nature and fast refueling times.
Mention examples like the Toyota Mirai.
Slide 7: E-Bikes and E-Scooters
Explain that electric bicycles (e-bikes) and electric scooters (e-scooters) are becoming popular forms of electric mobility.
Discuss their role in last-mile transportation.
Slide 8: Commercial Electric Vehicles
Mention electric buses, trucks, and delivery vans.
Explain how commercial EVs contribute to reducing emissions in urban areas.
Slide 9: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Highlight the importance of charging infrastructure for EV adoption.
Discuss the types of chargers (Level 1, Level 2, DC fast chargers).
Slide 10: Government Incentives
Explain government incentives and subsidies for electric vehicle adoption.
Mention tax credits, rebates, and other benefits.
Slide 11: Environmental Benefits
Discuss how electric vehicles contribute to reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Highlight the positive impact on local air quality.
Slide 12: Cost of Ownership
Compare the total cost of ownership of electric vehicles to traditional gasoline vehicles.
Mention savings on fuel and maintenance.
Slide 13: Challenges and Future Outlook
Address challenges such as range anxiety, charging infrastructure gaps, and battery disposal.
Discuss the future outlook of electric vehicles and advancements in technology.
Slide 14: Conclusion
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
Electric Vehicles: Industry Analysis and ForecastLevVirine
Due to technology innovations battery cost is expected gradually decline in next few years. Incorrys expects that electric cars will reach cost parity with gasoline cars in after 2024. It will lead to significant growth in electric car production. The report includes:
- Electric Car Stock Per Country
- Market Share of New Electric Vehicles
- Charging Infrastructure Forecast
- Electric Vehicle Battery Cost Forecast
- Electric Vehicle Price vs. Battery Capacity and Range
- Electric Vehicle Efficiency Forecast
- Annual Sales of Electric Vehicles Forecast
- Total Number of Electric Vehicles Forecast
For more information please visit Incorrys web site: https://www.incorrys.com
Detailed presentation on the basics of an electric vehicle, comparison of different motors for EV application, comparison of different batteries for EV application, Charging infrastructure for EV in India and a brief on BMS(Battery Management System).
The following presentation is about the hybrid cars .Here you can get the complete information about the hybrid cars. And i hope that the ppt was useful for you.
THANK YOU!!!!!!!
A brief introduction to the benefits of electric vehicles and how they are now becoming part of particular industries. GLH is a leading London Private Car Hire company. www.glh.co.uk
electric vehicle is very important for the glob...because it has lot's of advantages ...only one disadvantages is that it is requrie more time to charge..its has mainly 3 type of electric vehicle .
Presentation on Electric Vehicle By Vivek Atalkar.
An electric vehicle, or EV, is a type of vehicle that uses electricity as its main source of power instead of traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel. EVs are powered by electric motors that run on rechargeable batteries, which can be charged by plugging the vehicle into an electrical outlet or charging station.
There are two types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are fully electric vehicles that run entirely on battery power and have no backup gasoline engine. PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, and can run on either electricity or gasoline.
Electric vehicles offer several benefits over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which means they don't contribute to air pollution. They also tend to be more energy-efficient and cost less to operate over the long-term. Additionally, electric vehicles are generally quieter and provide smoother acceleration compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
One of the main challenges of electric vehicles is their limited range compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, although this is improving as battery technology advances. Another challenge is the availability of charging infrastructure, which is still developing in many parts of the world.
Overall, electric vehicles are an important part of the transition to a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation system.
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
Creating a PowerPoint presentation on the "Types of Electric Vehicles" can be a useful way to educate your audience about the various electric vehicle (EV) technologies available. Here's a short description for each type of electric vehicle that you can include in your presentation:
Slide 1: Title
Title: "Types of Electric Vehicles"
Slide 2: Introduction
Briefly introduce the topic and its importance.
Mention the environmental and economic benefits of electric vehicles.
Slide 3: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Describe BEVs as vehicles that run solely on electric power.
Highlight their zero-emission nature.
Mention examples like Tesla Model 3 and Nissan Leaf.
Slide 4: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Explain PHEVs as vehicles that combine an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Emphasize their ability to drive on electric power and gasoline.
Mention examples like the Chevrolet Volt.
Slide 5: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
Define HEVs as vehicles with both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.
Explain how they use regenerative braking to charge the battery.
Mention examples like the Toyota Prius.
Slide 6: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Describe FCEVs as vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity to power the electric motor.
Emphasize their zero-emission nature and fast refueling times.
Mention examples like the Toyota Mirai.
Slide 7: E-Bikes and E-Scooters
Explain that electric bicycles (e-bikes) and electric scooters (e-scooters) are becoming popular forms of electric mobility.
Discuss their role in last-mile transportation.
Slide 8: Commercial Electric Vehicles
Mention electric buses, trucks, and delivery vans.
Explain how commercial EVs contribute to reducing emissions in urban areas.
Slide 9: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Highlight the importance of charging infrastructure for EV adoption.
Discuss the types of chargers (Level 1, Level 2, DC fast chargers).
Slide 10: Government Incentives
Explain government incentives and subsidies for electric vehicle adoption.
Mention tax credits, rebates, and other benefits.
Slide 11: Environmental Benefits
Discuss how electric vehicles contribute to reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Highlight the positive impact on local air quality.
Slide 12: Cost of Ownership
Compare the total cost of ownership of electric vehicles to traditional gasoline vehicles.
Mention savings on fuel and maintenance.
Slide 13: Challenges and Future Outlook
Address challenges such as range anxiety, charging infrastructure gaps, and battery disposal.
Discuss the future outlook of electric vehicles and advancements in technology.
Slide 14: Conclusion
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
Electric Vehicles: Industry Analysis and ForecastLevVirine
Due to technology innovations battery cost is expected gradually decline in next few years. Incorrys expects that electric cars will reach cost parity with gasoline cars in after 2024. It will lead to significant growth in electric car production. The report includes:
- Electric Car Stock Per Country
- Market Share of New Electric Vehicles
- Charging Infrastructure Forecast
- Electric Vehicle Battery Cost Forecast
- Electric Vehicle Price vs. Battery Capacity and Range
- Electric Vehicle Efficiency Forecast
- Annual Sales of Electric Vehicles Forecast
- Total Number of Electric Vehicles Forecast
For more information please visit Incorrys web site: https://www.incorrys.com
Detailed presentation on the basics of an electric vehicle, comparison of different motors for EV application, comparison of different batteries for EV application, Charging infrastructure for EV in India and a brief on BMS(Battery Management System).
The following presentation is about the hybrid cars .Here you can get the complete information about the hybrid cars. And i hope that the ppt was useful for you.
THANK YOU!!!!!!!
A brief introduction to the benefits of electric vehicles and how they are now becoming part of particular industries. GLH is a leading London Private Car Hire company. www.glh.co.uk
electric vehicle is very important for the glob...because it has lot's of advantages ...only one disadvantages is that it is requrie more time to charge..its has mainly 3 type of electric vehicle .
Presentation on Electric Vehicle By Vivek Atalkar.
An electric vehicle, or EV, is a type of vehicle that uses electricity as its main source of power instead of traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel. EVs are powered by electric motors that run on rechargeable batteries, which can be charged by plugging the vehicle into an electrical outlet or charging station.
There are two types of electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are fully electric vehicles that run entirely on battery power and have no backup gasoline engine. PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, and can run on either electricity or gasoline.
Electric vehicles offer several benefits over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which means they don't contribute to air pollution. They also tend to be more energy-efficient and cost less to operate over the long-term. Additionally, electric vehicles are generally quieter and provide smoother acceleration compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
One of the main challenges of electric vehicles is their limited range compared to gasoline-powered vehicles, although this is improving as battery technology advances. Another challenge is the availability of charging infrastructure, which is still developing in many parts of the world.
Overall, electric vehicles are an important part of the transition to a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation system.
Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies are used to develop machines that can substitute for humans and replicate human actions
hi friends did u think the electrical car can charge by it self yes its possible here i uploaded the main conspectus view here if u have any question please contact me my mail id vigneshwar.vs@gmail.com nd my mobile no is 8124164154
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. PRESENTATION TOPIC
• Parts of electric vehicle
1. Electric motor(s)
2. Electric motor driver
3. Electric motor controller
4. Battery pack- 48/60/72V
5. Single speed transmission(Optional)
6. Charging point for the batteries.
7. Brakes-hand, friction and regenerative
8. DC to DC converter */12V to run auxillaries like power window,
Smart truck , ac compressor etc
9. Joystick to choose run mode(fwd/neutral/reverse)
4. ELECTRIC CARS
Basic Principle
• An Electric car is powered by an
Electric Motor rather than a
• Gasoline Engine.
• The Electric Motor gets its power
from a controller.
• The Controller is powered from
an array of rechargeable
• batteries.
5. Charger Traction batteries DC-DC
Contactors
Speed pedal Motor controller Aux batteries
Contactors
Motors
Differential
6. MOTORS
• Electric cars can use AC as well as DC motors.
• DC motors run on a voltage ranging roughly between 96 to 192 volts. Most of
them come from Forklift Industry.
• DC installations are simpler.
• Another feature of DC motors is that they can be overdriven for short periods of
time (up to a factor of 10), which is good for short bursts of acceleration.
• One limitation is the heat build up. May lead to self destruction.
• Due to these limitations and other advantages provided by AC motors (like better
torque and speed output, for same weight and size DC motors are not usbrakin
• Any of the industrial 3 – phase AC motors can be used.
• They allow the use of regenerative braking.
8. • The electric drive motor (a) reaches its
maximum torque as earlyy as the first
revolution. It does not require a start-up
phasee to reach idling speed.
• Once a specific rpm figure has been
reached, the available torquee falls as the
revs increase. This motor speed is
Approximately 14,000 rpm.
• These characteristics of an electric drive
motor mea thatt a complex transmission is
not required
ELECTRIC DRIVE
9. DRIVE WITH IN-WHEEL
MOTORS
•The wheels are connected
directly to the in wheel motors.
•The in-wheel concept is used
for electric scooters, electri
sbicycless and electrically
driven wheel chairs.
10. Features
• No drive shafts are required
• No differential transmission required
Advantages
• Four-wheel drive is technically possible
• Output axles of the in-wheel motors are directly on the wheel
• High efficiency because there are hardly any mechanical losses
Disadvantages
• Unsprung masses in the wheel are greater than wheels on a conventional
vehicle
• High mass of driven components (inertia and torque of whole vehicle
affected)
• Control is complex, both electric motors must run synchronous
14. AC CONTROLLER
•An AC controller creates 3 pseudo sine waves
which are 120 degree apart (3-phase AC).
•Using six sets of power transistors, the controller
•takes in 300 volts DC and produces 240 volts AC,
•3-phase.
15. BATTERY PACK
• 6831 standard 18650 Laptop Li--- ion cells.
• Supplies ~375V to motors, heating and air conditioning systems.
• Cooling system.
• Current capacity of each cell: 2100 mAh.
• Energy stored = 2100 mAh*3.7 V*6831 = 53kWh.
• Weight ~ 450 Kg.
• Energy/Weight ~ 120.
• Can be recharged easily with 110/220 V outlet.
17. • BATTERY PROBLEMS:
1. LONG RECHARGING TIME - REFUELING REQUIRED ONLY
MINUTES.
2. BATTERY WEIGHT - 100 POUND LEAD ACID BATTERIES = 1
POUND OF GASOLINE.
3. BATTERY COSTS.
TESLA ROADSTER: MOTOR
• Range concerns
• Price
• Consumer acceptance
• Market
18. 1. A POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM INCLUDING A VARIABLE
SPEED ELECTRIC MOTOR AND A SINGLE SPEED TRANSMISSION IS
DISCLOSED FOR TRANSFERRING POWER FROM A SOURCE OF
POWER TO A PAIR OF DRIVEN WHEELS.
2. ELECTRIC VEHICLES INCORPORATING A HIGH SPEED ELECTRIC
MOTOR.
3. THE SINGLE SPEED TRANSMISSION INCLUDES A
HOUSING, AN INPUT SHAFT FOR RECEIVING DRIVE TORQUE
FROM THE ELECTRIC MOTOR.
4. LEAST ONE OUTPUT SHAFT AND AN INTERMEDIATE SHAFT
SUPPORTED FOR ROTATION OF THE HOUSING BETWEEN THE
INPUT SHAFT AND THE OUTPUT SHAFT.
Single speed transmission
19. 5. THE SINGLE SPEED TRANSMISSION FURTHER
INCLUDES A PARKING SPRAG ARRANGEMENT
FOR PREVENTING ROTATION OF THE OUTPUT
SHAFT WHEN A PARK MODE IS SELECTED.
6. FIRST POSITION FOR PREVENTING RELATIVE
ROTATION BETWEEN THE INPUT SHAFT AND
THE OUTPUT SHAFT.
7. A SECOND POSITION FOR ESTABLISHING
RELATIVE ROTATION BETWEEN THE INPUT
SHAFT AND OUTPUT SHAFT.
21. CHARGING POINT FOR THE BATTERIES.
• The rate at which charging adds range to a PEV depends on the vehicle, the battery type,
and the type of EVSE. The following are typical rates for a light-duty vehicle:
• Level 1: 2 to 5 miles of range per hour of charging
• Level 2: 10 to 20 miles of range per hour of charging
• DC fast charging: 60 to 80 miles of range in 20 minutess of charging.
1. DC fast-charging EVSE (480-V AC input to the EVSE) enables rapid charging at sites such
as heavy traffic cor-ridors and public fueling stations (Figure 3, next minute A DC fast
charger can add 60 to 80 miles of range to a PEV in 20 minutes.
2. Charging Station
• There are many benefits to owning or hosting a charging station, which depend on your
site characteristics as well as your goals and values.
• Charging Station Costs
1. The costs of owning and operating a charginincentive include equipment, installation,
mainten incentive Electricity costs. You can reduce these costs by taking Advantage of
discounts and incentives.
23. BATTERIES AND CHARGERS
•Lead acid batteries used, until recently.
•A weak link in the electric cars.
•Heavy, Bulky, limited capacity (12 – 15 kilowatt hours), slow charging rate, short life and
expensive.
• NiMH batteries give double the range and last 10 years, but expensive.
•Lithium ion and NiMH batteries likely to be used if their prices can be made
competitive with lead acid batteries.
•Charging done from power grid (household/ charging station).
•A good charger monitors battery voltage, current flow and battery temperature to
minimize charging time.
•120/240 Volts.
•Part of the controller/separate box.
•Magna – charge inductive charging system.
24. BRAKING
•Regenerative braking
along with conventional
friction braking.
•Motor as a generator.
•Recaptures car’s kinetic
energy and converts it to
electricity to recharge the
batteries.
25.
26. DC-DC CONVERTERS
• A 14 volt battery which provides power
for accessories, like headlights, radios,
fans, computers, airbags, wipers,
power windows etc. .
• Runs motor controller logic and power
electronics.
• To charge the Aux. Battery a DC – to –
DC converter converts the voltage
from main battery array (say 300 volts)
to 14 volts.