The document discusses the application of vaginal exfoliative cytology in female dogs to monitor hormonal changes during their estrous cycle. It presents data from 70 cases conducted at a veterinary college, highlighting a 92.30% conception rate with artificial insemination and the importance of cytological evaluation for diagnosing reproductive issues. The findings emphasize that this technique is a simple, cost-effective, and accurate method for identifying optimal breeding times based on estrogen levels.

1. VAGINAL EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
IN SHE DOG
Presented by,
Dr.Tumbare Prajakta Jalinder
M.V.Sc (ARGO)
Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics
KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal, Dist:Satara

2. Principle
Vaginal epithelium is sensitive to levels of estrodiol
and it changes from a bistratified cuboidal
epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium of
greater than 30 cell layers.
Thereafter these cells slowly mature, keratinized and
fall in vaginal lumen( exfoliate).

3. Case study
• A total of 70 cases of vaginal cytological examination
were presented to the TVCC of KNPCVS, Shirwal
during the period from April 2017 to December
2019.
• Total 13 Artificial insemination was done at the TVCC
of KNPCVS, Shirwal.
• And other are advised for natural mating.
• Conception rate – 92.30% .

4. Technique
Collection of Vaginal Cytological samples

5. Epithelial cells found in Normal canine vaginal smears
Cells Characteristics
Parabasal
Smallest and healthiest
Rounded with a large vesiculated nucleus
Small amount of cytoplasm
Intermediate
Slightly larger
Oval , round or irregularly round
Vesiculated nucleus slightly larger than parabasal
cell
Superficial
Largest cell
Sharp, flat, angular cytoplasmic border
Small, pyknotic, fading or ghost nucleus
Cornified/
Anuclear
keratinized
Large
Dead irregular cells
Nucleus are absent

6. Interpretation of vaginal smear
Cell type
Stages
Parabasal Intermediate Superficial
Intermediate
Superficial Anuclear
keratinized
Red
blood
cells
Neutrophil Bacteria
Proestrus
Early
Mid
Late
+++
+
+/-
++
+
+/-
+
++
+++
+/-
+
++
+/-
+/-
+
+++
++
+/-
++
+
+
++
+
+
Estrus
Early
Late
-
-
-
-
+
-
+++
+
++
+++
+/-
-
-
-
-
-
Diestrus
Early
Late
++
+
+++
+++
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
Anestrus +++ + - - - - - -
6
(Sridevi,2005)

7. Clinical situations wherein vaginal
cytology could be used as a diagnostic
tool
• Evaluation of infertility in bitches and those with
abnormal reproductive cycle.
• In prediction of approximate date of whelping.
• Diagnosis of follicular cyst.
• Diagnosis of vaginities.

8. • Identification of Transmissible venereal tumour.
• Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinomas of the
bladder
• Identification of sperms in vaginal smear within 48
hrs of mismating which helps to determining
whether an abortificient should be administered or
not.
1.TVT 2.Superficial cells with sperm

9. Conclusion
• Exfoliative vaginal cytology is best tool determine the
stage of estrus cycle
• As well as on the basis cornification index gives idea
about rising level of estrogen which predicts the
tentative date ovulation in she dogs.
• Exfoliative vaginal cytology is very simple, cost-
effective and comparatively accurate test for
predicting the she dogs fit for breeding.