USERS STUDY OF KATHMANDU MEDICAL COLLEGE (KMC) LIBRARY

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USERS STUDY OF KATHMANDU MEDICAL COLLEGE (KMC)
LIBRARY
A thesis submitted to the
Central Department of Library and Information Science
Tribhuvan University, in Partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the Degree of Master of Arts in Library and Information science
Submitted By
ARJUN THAPA
T.U Reg. No.:7-1-278-236-2003
Roll. No.:02666 (070/71)
Central Department of Library and Information Science
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur
Kathmandu, Nepal
June, 2016

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T r i b h u v a n U n i v e r s i t y
Gandhi Bhawan
Kirtipur
Kathmandu
Tel. No. 4331316
Date: ..................
Reference No.:
E-mail: lisd@healthnet.org.np
Website: http://www.tulisd.edu.np
LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION
This is to certify that the thesis submitted by ARJUN THAPA entitled “USERS STUDY
OF KATHAMNDU MEDICAL COLLEGE (KMC) LIBRARY’’ is an original work
prepared under my supervision and guidance, hereby recommend this thesis for
examination as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in
Library and Information Science.
.........................................
Dr. Madhusudhan Karki
(Thesis Supervisor)
Date: June, 2016

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T r i b h u v a n U n i v e r s i t y
Gandhi Bhawan
Kirtipur
Kathmandu
Tel. No. 4331316
Date: ..................
Reference No.:
E-mail: lisd@healthnet.org.np
Website: http://www.tulisd.edu.np
LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
We certify that this thesis entitled “USERS STUDY OF KATHMANDU MEDICAL
COLLEGE (KMC) LIBRARY’’ by Arjun Thapa to the central Department of Library
and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan
University, for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of
Library and Information Science has been found satisfactory. Therefore, this thesis as a
part of the said Degree has been accepted.
Approval Committee:
.......................................................
Dr. Madhusudhan Karki
(Thesis Supervisor)
........................................................
Mr. Bhim Dhoj Shrestha
(Head of Department)
........................................................
Mr. Bishnu Prasad Aryal
(External Examiner)
Date: June, 2016

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ACKNOWEDGMENT
The study “Users study of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) Library” has been as a
part of partial fulfillment of criteria for MLISc, Library and Information Science in
Tribhuvan University (T.U) Kirtipur. There was significant role and support of many
people to whom I would like to acknowledge during journey from proposal to completion
of this thesis.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to my supervisor and former
Head, Central Department of Library and Information Science, Tribhuvan University, Dr.
Madhusudhan Karki for his constant support, guidance, supervision and encouragement
from the beginning of this thesis work to the completion. Similarly, I am thankful to my
honorable teachers Head of Department of Library and Information Science, Mr. Bhim
Dhoj Shrestha, All faculty members of CDLIS, Dr. Mohan Raj Pradhan, Mr. Yajya Raj
Bhatt and Admin staffs Mr. Indra Shrestha, Mr. Ravi Maharjan, Mr. Sushil Yadav &
Miss. Mina Lama Khadka for endeavors help.
I am very grateful to Prof. Bhesh Raj Kanel, former Chairman of Nepal Telecom
Authority (NTA) and Coordinator of College of Biomedical Engineering Applied
Sciences (CBEAS) their find suggestion for the improvement.
I would like to thank Mr. Machha Bhai Sakya, Chief Librarian of Patan Academy of
Health sciences (PAHS) library for providing guidance and considering time. I am also
thankful to my colleges and PAHS staffs, Mr. Anil Kumar Sharma, Ms. Januka
Rayamajhi and Miss. Pramila Panch for their support for my study.
I am thankful to all the staffs and students (PG, MBBS, BDS, and Bsc Nurisng) of Basic
and Clinical Library of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) for their kind cooperation to
provide necessary data collections. My especial thanks go to Mr. Rameshwor Makaju
who has helped me in data collection. I am also grateful to my respected teachers Mr.
Arun Kumar Rai and Ms. Lila Nyaichyai. I am really grateful towards all my class
friends last but not the least I would like to express my sincere thankfulness to my wife
and my little daughter for helping me to achieve this goal.
Thank You! Arjun Thapa

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ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled “USERS STUDY OF KATHAMANDU MEDICAL COLLEGE
(KMC) LIBRARY’’ has been carried out to fulfill the partial requirements for the degree
of MLISc (T.U). The statement of the problem is that whether the Users’ are satisfied or
not with the library resources and services. The objective of this study to find out
frequency of library use, propose of library visit, evaluate of ICT facility, determine the
level of satisfaction on library resource/services, including users’ needs, priorities of
library materials, and suggestion to improve library services. In this research 26
questionnaires in a set were distributed on the basis of classification of four users group:
PG, MBBS, BDS and BSc Nursing students selected randomly of KMC library users.
Total 224 questionnaires were distributed equally in basic and clinical library on 15-30th
April 2016. Only 183 (81.70%) questionnaires have been returned. The collected data
were analyzed and presented in tables and charts such as histograms, pie-charts, clustered
bars using IBM SPSS statistics version 20, Microsoft office word and excel. More than
fifty literatures have been reviewed (research paper, online journals, related websites and
books) for completing this study.
The major finding of this study shows that 98% users said library is necessary for
medical users. 45.4% users visit the library for borrowing books. 54.64% respondents
gave first priority on textbook. 74% users are familiar with classification & shelving
system. 70% users have not attended library orientation class. 73% users were dissatisfied
with no. of loan books. 59.6% users prefer to read third world authors books. 73.77%
users get help from library staffs. 56.8% users agree with fulfilling their needs. 77.6%
users use the ICT for the purpose of research; they were given first choice to UpToDate
database. 20.2% users were found to be highly satisfied with newspaper/magazine
resources’. 5.5% users said references services are excellent It is highest responses
among book bank, circulation, periodical, reprographic and OPAC/catalogue services.
90% users use the library less than 3 hour while they visited library. This study
recommended that adding more book bank facilities, high bandwidth internet, improved
reprography & physical facility. Library should be automated, number of book borrowing
should be provided according to the needs of users.

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QUOTATION
“Education is the most powerful weapon which
You
Can use to change the world”
Nelson Mandela

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DEDICATIONS
My family, friends, relatives, respected teachers,
&
All the library fellows

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PREFACE
This study entitled “users’ study of Kathmandu Medical College (MKC) Library is
conducted and submitted to the Department of Library and Information Sciences,
Tribhuvan University in partials fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters Degree of
Library and Information Science (MLISc). A health or medical library is designed to
assist physicians, health professionals, students, patients, consumers, medical researchers
and information specialists in finding health and scientific information to improve,
update, assess or evaluate health care. Library offers important options to users for
keepings them updated with new information. The study had been undertaken almost all
medical libraries of Kathmandu valley but nobody had done the study of KMC library so
this study has been carried out.
The study tries to identify problems that are faced by library’s users’ and make
recommendations to improve library resources and services. The study has been divided
into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction, types, history, problem,
objectives, research questions and limitations of this study. The second chapter “Review
of literature” is focuses on resources relevant to this study which are collected from
different sources. Likewise chapter three presents the “Methodology” which is adapted
for the study. Chapter four “Representation and analysis” presents the results of the
research with the survey and direct observations carried out during the study. Chapter
five highlights the findings of the study and makes recommendation certain points for
future improvement of library system. It contributes to the quality education for medical
students.
Thank You!
Arjun Thapa

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Catalogue of Thesis
Main card
Shelf-List cardShelf-List card
Shelf-list card
Subject added card
D Thapa, Arjun
026 Users study of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC)
T367u library /Arjun Thapa. - Kathmandu: Central Department
2016 of Library and Information Science, 2016.
Xviii, 86p.: ills. tables; figures
Includes appendix and bibliographies
Thesis: Master’s degree of library and information
Science from CDLISc, T.U
1. Special libraries-Research 2. Medical libraries-
Research I. Title
D Thapa, Arjun
026 Users study of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC)
T367u library /Arjun Thapa. - Kathmandu: Central Department
2016 of Library and Information Science, 2016.
Unacc. Includes appendix and bibliographies
1. Special libraries-Research 2. Medical libraries-
Research I. Title
D SPECIAL LIBRARIES-RESEARCH
026 Thapa, Arjun
T367u Users study of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC)
2016 library /Arjun Thapa. - Kathmandu: Central Department
of Library and Information Science, 2016.
Include appendix

x
Catalogue of thesis
Subject added card
Title Card
D Users study of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) library
026 Thapa, Arjun
2016 Library /Arjun Thapa. - Kathmandu: Central Department
Include appendix
D MEDICAL LIBRARIES-RESEARCH
026 Thapa, Arjun
2016 library /Arjun Thapa. - Kathmandu: Central Department
Include appendix

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page No.
LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION ii
LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE iii
ACKNOWEDGMENT iii
ABSTRACT v
QUOTATION vi
DEDICATIONS vii
PREFACE viii
CATALOGUE Of THESIS ix
LIST OF TABLES xvi
LIST OF FIGURES xvii
LIST OF ACRONYMS xviii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1-11
1.1 Special Library 1
1.2 Services of Special Library 3
1.3 Definition of Medical Library 3
1.4 History of Medical Library in Nepal 4
1.5 Function of Medical /Health sciences Libraries as Below 5
1.6 The Changing Role of Libraries and Librarians 5
1.7 Statement of the Problem 7
1.8 Objective of the Study 7
1.9 Research Questions 7
1.10 Significance of the Study 7

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1.11 Delimitation 8
1.12 Organization of the study 8
1.13 Definition of the Literacy Terms 8
References 11
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12-32
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Related Work 12
2.2 Users Study 16
2.3 Services to the Users can be provided as Follows 18
2.4 User’s Characteristics 18
2.5 Method of users’ studies 19
2.6 Why We Need User Studies 19
2.7 Users and their Information Needs 20
2.8 Factor that Affect Information Needs of Users 21
2.9 Types of Users Studies 21
2.10 Concept Users Education 23
2.11 Components of Users’ Education 24
2.12 Impact of users study on library operation and services 25
2.13 Medical Database and other Resources of Health Area 25
2.14 Leading Library Organization/Association as Following 29
2.15 Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Background 31
References 32

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CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35-39
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Research Design 36
3.3 Place of the Study 36
3.4 Population 36
3.5 Sampling 37
3.6 Data Collection Procedure 37
3.7Analysis of Data 39
3.8 Research Instrument 39
References 40
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION 41-71
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Number of Respondent 41
4.3 Demographic Status 42
4.4 Qualification of Users 42
4.5 Necessity of Library 43
4.6 Frequency of Visit Library 44
4.6 Frequency of Library Usage 45
4.6 Purpose of Library Visit 46
4.8 Familiar with Classification and Shelving System 48
4.9 Search Library Materials 49
4.10 Library Orientation 50
4.11 Opinion about Opening Hours of Library 51
4.12 Satisfaction of Borrowing Numbers of Books 52

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4.13 Adequacy of Reading Space 53
4.14 Satisfaction on Loan Period 54
4.15 Preference on Authors of Books Used by Users inside Library 55
4.16 Help from Library Staff While Using Library 56
4.17 Fulfilling Users Needs 57
4.17 Users Needs as Priorities of Library Materials 58
4.19 Problem Regarding Library Usage 59
4.20 Usage of Computer More often in Library 60
4.21 Evaluation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities 61
4.22 Purpose of Using ICT 62
4.23 Usage of Database Engine 63
4.24 The Biggest Obstacle to Accessing Electronic Resources 64
4.25 Level of Satisfaction on Library Resources 65
4.26 Level of Satisfaction on Library Services 67
4.27 Encouraging Factors of Library Use 69
4.28 Information Sources Should be Expanded 70
4.29 List of Opinions for Library Service Improvement 71
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONS 72-75
5.1 Summaries 72
5.2 Findings 73
5.3 Conclusion 75
5.4 Recommendations 75

xv
References 77
Appendix 81-86
Questionnaire 81
Researcher’s Curriculum Vitae 86

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LIST OF TABLES
Title Page No.
Table 1: Population of Users 37
Table 2: Number of Respondents 41
Table 3: Demographic Status 42
Table 4: Qualification of Users 42
Table 5: Necessity of Library 44
Table 6: Frequency of Visit Library 45
Table 7: Frequency of Library Usage 46
Table 8: Purpose of Library Visit 47
Table 9: Familiar with Classification and Shelving 48
Table 10: Search Library Materials by Users 49
Table 11: Attended the Library Orientation 50
Table 12: Opening about Opening Hour 51
Table 13: Satisfaction on Borrowing no. of Books 52
Table 14: Adequacy of Reading Space 53
Table 15: Satisfaction of Loan Period 54
Table 16: Preference of Books Used by Users inside Library 55
Table 17: Help from Library Staff While Using Library 56
Table 18: Fulfilling Users Needs 57
Table 19: Users Needs as Priorities of Library Materials 58
Table 20: Problem Regarding Library Usage 59
Table 21: Usage of Computer more often in Library 60
Table 22: Evaluate of ICT Facilities 61
Table 23: Purpose of Using ICT 62
Table 24: Database Engine 63
Table 25: Obstacle of ICT Use 64
Table 26: Level of Satisfaction on Library Resources 65
Table 27: Level of Satisfaction on Library Services 67
Table 28: Encouraging Factors 69
Table 29: Information Sources Should be Expanded 70

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LIST OF FIGURES
Title Page No.
Figure 1: Qualification of Users 43
Figure 2: Necessity of Library 44
Figure 3: Frequency of Library Visit 45
Figure 4: Frequency of Library Usage 46
Figure 5: Purpose of Library Visit 47
Figure 6: Familiar with Classification and Shelving 48
Figure 7: Search Library Materials by Users 49
Figure 8: Attended the Library Orientation 50
Figure 9: Opinion about Opening Hours 51
Figure 10: Satisfaction on Number of Book Borrowing 52
Figure 11: Adequacy of Reading Space 53
Figure 12: Satisfaction of Loan Period 54
Figure 13: Preference of Books Used by Users inside Library 55
Figure 14: Help from Library Staff While Using Library 56
Figure 15: Fulfilling Users Needs 57
Figure 16: Users Needs as Priorities of Library Materials 58
Figure 17: Problem Regarding Library Usage 59
Figure 18: Usage of Computer more often in Library 60
Figure 19: Evaluate of ICT Facilities 61
Figure 20: Purpose of Using ICT 62
Figure 21: Used of Database Engine 63
Figure 22: Obstacle of ICT Use 64
Figure 23: Level of Satisfaction on Library Resources 66
Figure 24: Satisfaction on Library Services 67
Figure 25: Encouraging Factors 69
Figure 26: Information Sources Should be Expanded 70

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LIST OF ACRONYMS
BDS: Bachelor of Dental Surgery
BSc: Bachelor of Science
HINARI: Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative
ICT: Information and Communication Technology
IFLA: International Federation of Library Association and Institution
JKMC: Journal of Kathmandu Medical College
KAHS: Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
KMC: Kathmandu Medical College
MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
MEDLARS: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System
NAMS: National Academy of Medical Sciences
NHRC: Nepal Health Research Council
NLM: National Library of Medicine
NMA: Nepal Medical Association
No.: Number
OA: Open Access
OPAC: Online Public Access Catalogue
PAHS: Patan Academy of Health Sciences
PG: Post Graduation
TU: Tribhuvan University
TUTH: Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
W.H.O: World Health Organization
WWW: World Wide Web

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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Special Library
A library is supposed to be the most powerful and effective media for bulk
communication of ideas for the betterment of the society. And society has different
categories of users. The special libraries serve as information centre for special types of
users. Hence, in special libraries, the information requirements of users are of specialized
nature.
Special libraries exist in a wide variety of organization, most of them being units of larger
organization. Special libraries are that which are specialized on a particular subject or
group of subjects. They are formed in research and development establishments,
government departments, directories, bureaus, industrial, and business undertakings,
learned societies and welfare organization. Museums, etc. hence special libraries are
established to serve a particular group of users or an activity or specialists working on a
subject or a particular type of documents. (Thakur, 2014)
In a special library, reference services are a mode of its existence. A reference librarian of
a special library is generally expected to provide information because the specialists to be
served would be busy persons. The queries may involve long searchers. It is not unusual
to spend a number of a day on obtaining information for an individual. He /she must be
provided with the required information irrespective of the form or place from where it
may be got. Very often, the emphasis is on micro documents such as periodical articles,
specialized reports etc. very often a reference librarian will be expected to provide
information quickly and efficiently. Thus he may be required to work under pressure.
Special libraries are repositioning themselves as strategic instruments providing business
benefits for their parents’ organization. Knowledge sharing and knowledge exploitation
are driving forces for improved business performance. A futures success criterion for
special libraries is to be found in the ability to fusion digital library services and the
physical library in such a manner that the two arenas are stimulating each other, rather

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than competing. Added knowledge based services will be a key factor. With the extensive
exploitation of the opportunity offered by information technologies, special libraries have
experienced a strong move towards becoming more or less completely digitalized in
order to survive. This fact, of course has influenced how the physical, as well as the
digital library, is designed and presented to its potential customers (in public library
terminology: users). We have seen that special libraries have been closed down due to
lack of alignment to real business activities and – if still existing – been ‘recreated’ as
virtual library services run by innovative approach based on acknowledging the
importance if knowledge sharing and knowledge exploitation has led to many
organizations revisiting their library resources and expertise and as a result re-
establishing attractive library facilities. (Thapa, 2002)
Fundamental concept of Special Library as below:
 It exists as a services unit within an organization.
 It is concerned with the single definite subject field.
 It is limited but specialized collection of documents.
 It mainly satisfied the information needs of its users only.
 The users of special libraries are the specialists in their own field and
serve their parent organizations.
Largest Special Libraries in Medical Sector as Below:
 National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) Library, Mahabaudha;
Kathmandu Nepal
 Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital (TUTH) Library; Maharajgunj
Kathmandu Nepal.
 B.P Koirala Institutes of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) Library, Dharan; Nepal
 Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) Library, Lagankhel, Lalitpur Nepal.
 Kathmandu Medical College, Library, Kathmanu & Bhaktapur
 Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NSIHS), Library, Chhauni
 Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital , Library, Biratnagar

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 Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Library, Pokhara
 College of Medical Sciences, Library Chitwon.
 Nepal Medical College, Library, Jorpati
 Nepalgunj Medical College, Library, Nepalgunj
 Universal College of Medical Science, Library, Bhairahawa
 Chitwan Medical College, Library, Chitwan
 Gandaki Medical College, Library, Pokhara
 Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS) Library; Jumla Karnali Nepal
1.2 Services of Special Library
In special library, the time of users is valuable and must be saved. Therefore, in an
especial library, very often the users have to be helped to the maximum, more often;
information has to be provided in a ready form. It is required and also expected.
A special library may provide the following eservices:
 Issue of documents.
 Reference services.
 Reprographic service.
 Routing of periodicals.
 Inter-library loan.
 Replies to enquires received personally, through letter or on phone.
 Retrospective search.
 Referral services.
 Translation service.
 State of art reports.
1.3 Definition of Medical Library
A general history of developments in medical library education is presented followed by
specific discussing formal medical library education, internship program, work study
program, health library technician program, and certification and future trends. The term

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“Medical Library” falls under the category of special library serves a special clientele
located within a single establishment or a group namely Medical Library.
The library that is exclusively concern with the materials and information whether
acquired or accessible in the field of health science and largely serves all the needs of
health and related professionals and service is simply defined as the medical library.
The purpose of medical library may be keeping the people well by the changes in field of
medical sciences. The information or materials related to health science and other
information are mostly kept in the form of electronic devices which are very easy to
operate and search the patient, danger disease and their impact all are kept only in the
medical library because it is very rather than other libraries.
According to Wikipedia (2010), "A health or medical library is designed to assist
physicians, health professionals, students, patients, consumers and medical researchers in
finding health and scientific information to improve, update, assess or evaluate health
care. Medical libraries are typically found in hospitals, medical schools, private industry
and in medical or health associations. A typical health or medical library has access to
MEDLINE, a range of electronic resources, print and digital journal collections and print
reference books. The influence of open access (OA) and free searching
via Google and Pub Med has a major impact on the way medical libraries operate."
According to the National Library of Medicine (2010) their medical library is open to all
and has many services and resources for scientists, health professionals, historians, and
the general public. NLM has nearly 12 million books, journals, manuscripts,
audiovisuals, and other forms of medical information on its shelves, making it the largest
health-science library in the world. In today's increasingly digital world, NLM carries out
its mission of enabling biomedical research, supporting health care and public health, and
promoting healthy behavior.
1.4 History of Medical Library in Nepal
The concepts of medical library was introduces in Nepal by Dr. Mahendra Prasad in
1960-61 during his time medical superintendent of Bir Hospital. Bir Hospital Library was

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first Medical Library in Nepal. It was followed by Royal Drug Laboratory Library in
1962, Nepal Medical Association library in 1965 and the Libraries and under Institute of
Medicine, I.O.M in 1972. Thus the history of medical libraries in Nepal shows that
medical libraries were first attached to research laboratories’, association and teaching
institutions. (Sharma, 2012)
1.5 Function of Medical /Health sciences Libraries as Below
 Acquiring, organizing, and preserving the world's scholarly biomedical literature.
 Providing access to biomedical and health information of medicine.
 Serving as a leading global resource for building, curating and providing
sophisticated access to molecular biology and genomic information.
 Creating high quality information services relevant to toxicology and
environmental health, health services research, and public health.
 Conducting research and development on biomedical communications systems,
methods, technologies, and networks and information dissemination and
utilization among health professionals, patients, and the general public.
 Assist biomedical informatics research and serving as the primary supporter of
pre- and post-doctoral research training in biomedical.
1.6 The Changing Role of Libraries and Librarians
Libraries are repository of all forms of graphic and oral communication organized to
meet all facets of human Information needs. It is a social institution, which came into
existence when the accumulated body of man’s knowledge became so voluminous that it
superseded the limits of human memory and the records of that experience could no
longer be left to survival through the oral tradition. The primary objective of any library
is to bring together the man and the documents that would solve his information needs.
To do this work the librarian acquires primary literature, store it, organize and control it.
He equally performs a secondary function by compiling catalogs and reading list,
providing up-to-date comprehensive bibliographic services that allow users identify
essential information. With the emergence of ICT in library, electronic information
provides librarians with challenges that are not necessary new. However, as the nature of
the librarians’ roles changes, so do the challenges to long-standing professional codes of

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ethics. Keyes (1999) writes that in the future, as now, we can expect the virtual library to
be the organization that identifies, selects, negotiates for, and provides access to an
incredible range of information resources on our behalf. Keyes went further to writes that
the evolution toward a digital library creates change in the ‘locus of control’, as the
library’s collection is moving outside the library itself. The library is no longer defined
simply as a building or a physical repository that houses information. The librarian is no
longer the primary ‘gatekeeper’ or guide to information. The World Book Encyclopedia
(2004) argues that in services provided by librarians go far beyond getting and arranging
library materials. As a result of the rapid growth in information generation and
knowledge, the librarian and information professionals are constantly evolving ways of
coping with professional expectations. Share (1971) Ogunsheye (1976) and Aiyepekun
(1993) have all described the changing functions of the librarian due to changes in the
mode of transmission of information and graphic records. Crawford (2000) submits that
‘ongoing complexity and unpredictable currents of change will mark the future of
libraries’. Before now, a user looked at one book or journal at a time. Now, electronic
information can be stored and accessed by millions of users simultaneously from personal
computers (PCs) with modems or through direct Internet connections from home, work,
or practical anywhere. Patrons no longer have to physically visit the library to retrieve
information. This ability to access full-text resources electronically from within the
institution or from any PC provides the user with convenient and immediate access to
information. Expanded use of interlibrary loan and document delivery also offers the
potential to provide access to all materials, rather than only to materials owned locally,
the library institution, which is traditionally and historically the custodian of knowledge
and information, has witnessed a paradigm shift from traditional information handling
methodologies to technological platforms. This tends to transfer the information and
knowledge custodian roles of libraries to other institutions and professions like the
computer, communication and information and knowledge. Yet, different types of
libraries remain the dynamic engines for the knowledge and information society. (L.T
Abdulsalami, 2013)

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1.7 Statement of the Problem
KMC library is a centre library especially for the students of MBBS, BDS, BSc Nursing,
PG, Faculties, Residents/Medical Officers (MO), Interns, Technical Staff, and visiting
Faculties/Volunteers. All types of information users want to acquire required information
in limited time. They need to be satisfied with the library services. This is first
comprehensive users’ study of KMC Library. This study will be helpful guidelines to
improve the way for others similar studies coming in future and also it helps to solve the
present problems of the KMC Library. It is the responsibility of library authority to know
the user’s needs and their satisfaction with library resources and services. Study of library
usage is a vital aid for effective planning and management of libraries. Most evaluative
studies on library users have always concentrated on use of libraries, not the pattern of
uses. The usage pattern of library resources by users and the satisfaction they derive in
using the library are the main focuses of this research.
1.8 Objective of the Study
 To identify the users’ needs about library services.
 To identify the user’s purpose of the visiting library.
 To evaluate the ICT (Information Communication Technology) facilities.
 To determine level of satisfaction of users towards library resources and services.
1.9 Research Questions
This research has tried to find out the solutions of the following questions:
i) What is the opinion of the users about the library?
ii) What is the main purpose of library visit?
iii) What types of information are of required to the users?
iv) What the users’ satisfaction regarding the resources and services?
1.10 Significance of the Study
In this digital age, library is being developed as education and information centre. It is
beneficial to KMC Library authority as it can improve its own library system. Its
significance can be summarized in the following points.
 This study helps to identify the users’ needs and requirements.

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 This study helps to update the library resources and services.
 The findings of the study may be helpful for the improvement of the present
condition of KMC Library.
 This study will be helpful guidelines to improve the way for others similar
studies.
1.11 Delimitation
The delimitation of the research work over board area but it has been chosen only
members of KMC library. This research cannot represent the whole library users study as
the population for this study is only from KMC Library. It takes only MBBS student,
BDS students, BSc Nursing Students and PG students because lack of time and resources.
1.12 Organization of the study
First chapter has described the background of the study, statement of the problem,
objectives, significance of the study, Delimitation and Conceptual Framework. Second
chapter related literatures have been reviewed. Third chapter has described research
methodology, research design, sources of data, population, sampling procedure, Data
collection procedure. Fourth chapter has represented the data analysis, presentation,
interpretation and findings. Fifth chapter deals with finding of the study and
investigation, which are presented in summarized and concise from with some
concluding remarks the study has recommended certain points for the future
improvement of the profession. At the end supplementary sections as bibliography and
appendices are attached.
1.13 Definition of the Terms
Academy: A place of study or training in a special field.
Acquisition: Acquisition is defined as the discovery, searching, selection, ordering and
receiving of all kind of library’s new materials and maintains accurate records.
Basic science: The 2–3 year period of medical school that precedes clinical instruction
and training, which provides a core of basic knowledge required for success in clinical
medicine. (medical-dictionary)

9
Bibliography: A bibliography is an organized list of documents. It is a systematic list of
books and other works such as journal details.
Catalogue: A library catalogue is list of documents in the holding of a library or a group
of libraries. A library catalogue can serve as a bibliography to a limited extent but the
reverse is not true. (Kumar, 2005).
Circulation: It provides lending services and facilitates for return of loaned items.
Renewal of materials and payment of fines are also handled at the circulation desk.
Clinical Science: pertaining to a clinic or to the bedside; pertaining to or founded on
actual observation and treatment of patients, as distinguished from theoretical or
experimental. (medical-dictionary).
College: An institution of higher learning that grants the bachelor's degree in liberal arts
or science or both (thefreedictionary).
Database: A database is information organized in such a way that a computer program
can quickly select pieces of data. You can think of it as an electronic filing system.
Document: A piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or
evidence or that serves as an official record.
Information: Information has been defined as the structure or order of any text which is
capable of changing the image structure of a recipient or as any stimulus that reduces
uncertainty.
Librarian: A librarian is a person who works professionally in a library, providing
access to information and sometimes social or technical programming. They are usually
required to hold a degree from a library school such as a Master's degree in Library
Science or Library and Information Studies.
Medical Library: A place in where a large collection of science and medical literacy
such as books/ non-books material kept for reading, reference or circulation.

10
Open Access: Open access provides for free access to the library resources/materials. It
means library member can access freely all the library services.
Reference Service: “contact between right reader and the book at the right time in the
right personal way”. And the very right contact possible through way. According to S.R.
Ranganathan “Reference service is contact between the right reader and right book at the
time. (Singh, 2013).
Reprographic: Reprographics is a blanket term encompassing multiple methods of
reproducing content, such as scanning, photography, xerography and digital printing. The
term applies to both physical (hard copy) and digital (soft copy) reproductions of
documents and images.
Respondents: Respondents are the users or the navigator of the information.
Special Library: A special library is usually a library that concerted to a small group of
persons. Generally, such a library specializes in a particular subject or group of subjects.
Due to the very nature, it is possible to provide orientation on individual basis.
Study: Refers to process of acquiring knowledge.
User: A person, who uses or operates something, library user means those persons who
uses library in order to find out the relevant information.

11
References
Bist G. R. (2010) Users study of Tilganga Institute of ophthalmology (TIO) Library
(Unpublished master's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central
Department of Library and Information Science, Kirtipur, Nepal.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basic/ retrieved on 10th Dec-2015.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/clinical/ retrieved on 10th Dec-2015.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library/ retrieved on 15th Dec-2015.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/ retrieved on 5th Feb-2016.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/2010/ retrieved on 20th Dec-2015.
https://www.wikipedia.org/ retrieved on 9th Feb-2015.
Khanna, J.K (1994). Library and Society. New Delhi: Ess Publication.
L.T Abdulsalami, Q.I. Okezie and A.D. Agbo (2013) Advance in Applied Science
Research, 4(1):58-70.
Sharma, G. (2012) References services in Medical Libraries of National Academy of
Medical Sciences and Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. (Unpublished
master's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Library and
Information Science, Kirtipur, Nepal.
Singh, G. (2013). Information Sources and Services. New Delhi: PHI Learning. P.267.
Thakur, S. (2014) Library & Information Science: TRUEMAN’S specific series of UGC,
NET/SET, New Delhi: Danuka Publishing. P. 442.
Thapa, A. B. (2002). Users’ Study of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Central
Thesis. Library, Dharan. (Unpublished master's thesis). Tribhuvan University,
Central Department of Library and Information Science, Kirtipur, Nepal.
www.thefreedictionary.com/college/ retrieved on 5th Feb-2016.

12
Chapter II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
In terms of a literature review, “the literature” means the works consulted in order to
understand and investigate your research problem. Re-view or looks again is a process of
systematic, meticulous, and critical summary of the published literature in your field of
research. How others have dealt with topics in your research subjects and of what
knowledge they have acquired? Literature review also indicates that should summarize
the board contents of the research articles or studies and indicate clearly any linkages
with other studies in the field. (Pant, 2015).
This chapter includes the review of concepts and finding of previous research on the
similar topic and related field. Books, research articles, journals, directories, internet and
thesis are mainly reviewed for this purpose. Medical library collects the information of
medical literature and it is very much significant to provide the information to all users
who are belonging to medical field. The special libraries as we understand for the special
services or particular subjects. There are several studies published on different aspects of
users’ studies in libraries. The studies relating to health libraries published since late
1990s have come under the purview of the research.
2.2 Related Work
Review of related literatures has always been essentials for research. To have an
overview of the studies conducted in the present concerned field it is essential to review
the available literature related to the present study.
Bist (2008) study on “users’ study of Tilganga institute of ophthalmology (TIO) library
According to the respondents, for the improvement of the library, there should be
adequate collection development; the library hours should be increased; computer and
photocopy facilities should be provided to them; the environment of the library should be
peaceful and the resources of the library should be added.

13
Dhungana (2008) Study on the “Users’ study of the institute of forestry campus libraries
of Nepal”. Qualitative documents and materials should be made easily available in the
library for the users. Lacking materials should be added promptly in the library. Modern
computerized facilities should be put and needed information should be flown to the
users to satisfy them. Users suggested that most of the modern information technology
and latest information desk should be installed in each.
Manandhar (2008) study on the “user study on institute of pulchok campus.” The student
learns to do research and to satisfy their own curiosity. The library must build up a well-
balanced collection of books. Pamphlets and other reading materials appropriate to the
objective and need of the campus. However, the success of the library cannot be
evaluated from its magnificent building or form its readiness of wisely selected collection
of reading materials. This is only possible to measure when there is a close co-operation
and co-ordination between the library services and the teaching program. The campus
library should function as the heart in an academic institution with arteries running into
all its departments.
Thapa (2008) study on “users’ study of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences central
library, Dharan.” recently edited text books, reference books and current search journals
should be available or books and journals should be updated regularly and adequately.
Most of the best are kept for reference but users are not having much time to spend in the
library and it is not possible to issue them frequently. So for further improvement, the
extra books must be kept in the textbook section like the ones prescribed as references.
The active library committee is highly necessary. Library automation services are very
essentials.
Adhikari (2015) study on “users’ study of Sri Sathy sai shikshya sadan school library,
Tokha. The survey found that the school management system form numerous problem
such as lack of professional staff, inadequate collection, circulation and searching
problems, and limitations of time. Due to these hurdles, the library needed to hire a
professional individual supported by adequate number of staffs, buy sufficient materials,

14
make the circulation system more system and introduce a system of retrieving books
easily.
Rayamajhi (2016) study on “users’ study of patan academy of health science (PAHS)
library”. The survey shows that the users of PAHS library are regularly visited to the
library for their study. The findings have revealed valuable information for future
planning. Based on the findings, there are numbers of issues which have to be solved for
better performance of library services. According to the users, text books should be more
in the library. They wanted to issue more than three books for long time period. The
library time should be increased and computer facilities should be given. The
environment of the library should be peaceful and the resources of the library should be
added.
Mahajan (2009) studied the information seeking behavior of undergraduate and post
graduate students and research scholars in science, social sciences and humanities at the
Punjub University of India. The findings revealed that users were more or less satisfied
with collection and services. He further suggested that libraries’ professionals must
understand information seeking behavior of users to provide information effectively since
methods and tools for information delivery continue to grow and change dramatically.
Kadli and Kumbar (2011) investigated information seeking behavior of the faculty
members of 46 commerce colleges in the changing ICT environment among. The finding
of the study revealed that majority of the faculty seeks information to prepare class note.
It was also observed that information was scattered in too many sources and much
information on Internet is the problem often faced by the users in information seeking.
Changing ICT environment also affected information seeking behavior for majority of
users. Authors suggested that library should start information literacy programme to
make users aware of library services.
Prabhavathi (2011) studied the information seeking behavior of post graduate students of
SPMV, Tirupoti to examine the information need, seeking behavior and availability of
information resources that affect the information seeking pattern and communication

15
process. He found that half of the respondents visited library everyday and main purpose
of visiting the library was to prepare for examination. About 94.6% of res-pondents were
using books to support their curriculum and examination. He emphasized the need for
orientation programme on library resources and services.
Siddiqui (2011) studied the information seeking behavior of B. Tech and M. Tech
students to identify sources consulted and information gathering systems, and
information seeking behavior. This study emphasized the importance of considering
individual pattern of information seeking behavior of users.
Rahiman and Tamizhchelvan (2011) investigated the information need, use of
information channels, information seeking process and information seeking behavior of
the students of engineering colleges affiliated to Anna University. They also investigated
the sufficiency of the library resources and the levels of satisfaction in library services.
Ranganadhan and Babu (2012) studied the awareness and use of library resources and
services at Osmania University, Hyderabad. They studied the adequacy of library
resources, opinion on e-resources or print sources, reasons for using e-resources and
satisfaction in sources of information provision.
Sohail et al. (2012) studied the use of library resources by the students of University of
Kalyani. Authors found that guidance in the use of library resources and services was
necessary to help students to meet their information needs. They also found that journals,
text book and lecture notes were the most popular sources of information for the students.
They suggested that the latest edition of text book and reference materials should be
added to the library collection and users should be guided to use the resources of the
library.
Chinnadurai and Balamurugan (2013) studied the user study of services of kalasalingam
university library (KLU). This study was conducted to analysis the user’s satisfaction,
performance of library staff, purpose of visit etc. from the study, the researchers comes to

16
following conclusion that is the analysis shows that majority of the users visited to
library especially UG students and faculty members interested visit the library to lending
books and journals. This study clearly pointed out that users show their interested to
future use the KLU library. Users are satisfied with library staff service and their helping
mind.
Anyaku et al. (2015) study on “internet information seeking and use by medical students
of Nnamdi Azikiwe University”, Nigeria. result of the research that even though the
medical student use the internet highly to access medical and research information, there
such as online subject database, e-books, e-journals and library website. They need to be
aware of these resources in order to utilize them. Medical librarians have a role in
improving student’s use of educational resources on the internet through an extensive and
curriculum based information literacy programmed. This is highly needed considering the
growing concern on the quality of information on the open net.
2.2 Users Study
Users’ studies can be defined as a systematic study of information requirements of users.
There are a number of methods which can be used to identify what exactly a user wants
form the library and what is his information needs. The collection, development and
providing services to the users should be based on the information needs of the users.
If the library is to fulfill its proper role within the education system, there must be
continual interaction between it and the users it exists to serve. Interaction can be
influenced both by factors directly related to the library, such as how efficiently and
effectively it is run, the relevance of the information it provides and the communication
channels it employs, and by others directly related to the user, including his personality,
motivation, pursuits and specialized interests. Library-user interaction should be studied
on the basis of a communication model, which is to be understood as an information
transfer process involving a source, a means or method of transmission and one or more
receivers. The source should emit the information clearly, the means should transmit it
efficiently and the receiver should comprehend it completely. This process implies
responsibilities on the part of both the communicator and the receiver of information,

17
hence the need to take account of the feedback factor. However, the role and
responsibilities of users have tended to be imprecise, and users have sometimes been
reluctant to play an active role in the information acquisition process. As a result, there is
a broad range of 'passive' information held by libraries whose value is ignored and which
is under-utilized.
The under-utilization of library holdings and facilities is undoubtedly due as much to the
fact that users are unaware of the facilities offered by libraries as to the fact that libraries
do not have a precise knowledge of user needs. In order to plan information activities that
include provision for system development, it is therefore necessary to have a precise
knowledge of the needs of potential as well as actual users and to understand adequately,
recognize and identify in appropriate form their information requirements.
The best way of getting to know about users and their information needs is to carry out
periodic user studies, which enable libraries to determine exactly how and in what
direction they should develop in order to meet those requirements. (UNESCO, 2016)
The concept is users have been defined differently by different authors. Britain defined
user studies as empirical studies of the use of, demand or need for, information. User
studies are focused on users to understand directly or indirectly their information needs,
behavior and use pattern.
According to Wysoki “user’s studies or use studies could be concerned with studying
information processing activities of the users.”
Centre of research at university of Sheffield: the general objectives of research in users is
to further understanding of the process of information transfer. In fact a study is focused
on users to understand directly or indirectly their information needs, use behavior and use
patent is usually called user study. For a meaningful user services, user study is a
precondition. User’s studies had to be conducted in Europe and America due to the
tremendous growth of information especially in science and technology after Second
World War. (Bista, 2010)

18
According to UNESCO defined “users education as any effort or programmed which will
guide and instruct existing and potential users, individually or collectively.”
According to Jacques Tactlian, “User education is to include any effort or programmed
which will guide and instruct existing and potential users in the recognition and
formulation of their information needs, in the effective and efficient use of information
services and their assessment.
2.3 Services to the Users can be provided as Follows
 Dissemination
 Reference
 Search assistant
 Notification
 Inter library loan
 Bibliographic Instruction
 Translation
 Reprographic
 Retrospective research
 Referral
2.4 User’s Characteristics
Lehman mentioned 7 user’s characteristics that, if evaluate, would help the librarian in
his efforts to satisfy user need. They are:
i) Personality level.
ii) Variability level and
iii) Vocational-a vocational level.
iv) Capacity level.
v) Satisfaction level.
vi) Functional reading level.
vii) Visual level.

19
Systematic study of user community will reveal the various characteristics of users
seeking information. This will give necessary base guidelines to librarians to serve
various types of users groups. (Int. Journal, 2011).
2.5 Method of users’ studies
Some of the method used for these studies has been given here as follows:
Measurement method: this method of assessing users’ need for information has been
quite common among all types of the libraries. Analysis of issue statistics, use of
documents by readers within the library, reference questions and similar other, have
yielded useful clues to determine priorities, allocation of funds and other related issue.
Surveys of the users’: surveys about the library users have become very widespread in
the last 20 years, which have been undertaken to access the information gathering habits
of library users, their approach to seek the use of documents, the extent of library. It has
been done by interacting with a representative body of the users, by giving them
questionnaires, or personal interviews or both. These studies have been quite large in
academic and special libraries, particularly in the field of science and technology.
Community Profiles: Most of the public libraries tend to conduct some type of research
into the sociological structure of their area and its population, and use this information it
draw a variety of inference about the reading habits of the community. For this
community profiles are made to guide selection policies, attempting a more direct method
of orienting book and library services to cater the needs of the users. (Thakur, 2014)
2.6 Why We Need User Studies?
All the information service exists for the sake of the users. All these services should be
user-based and according to their information needs. Therefore, it is important to know
their information needs. In case a new service is to be provided, then opinion of users is
required. A reference librarian tries to find out how well these are being provided. This
type of feedback from the users is important in order to improve the sources and services.
(Thakur, 2014)

20
User is a key and dynamic component of any library and information system. User
studies are a must at the time of designing a system or service. The efficient and effective
operation of the library system and service also call for periodic user studies. The
effectiveness of a library and information system depends on the extent to which the
system characteristic correspond with the users and in how much the potential users are
willing and able to make use of it (Sridhar 2002). User studies help to the library
administrator to identify the user needs and behavior and also maintain the library
services effectively. (International journal of Lib. & Info. Sci, 2013)
2.7 Users and their Information Needs
Information required by users is of various types. It depends upon the type of the users.
Different categories of users have different types of information needs and at varying
degree. Various information systems and services have been developed to satisfy their
information needs. (Singh, 2013)
Information Needs of the Different Categories of Users
Area Types/Categories of users Purpose of seeking
information
Education and
Research
Students
Teachers/Faculties
Researchers
For their academic
studies (preparing notes,
assignments etc.)
Provide education to the
students, writing books,
articles etc.
For their research work,
they need on continuous
basis, to keep up-to-date
etc.
Professionals Doctors, Engineers, Legal
practitioners, Technologists
To solve their day-to-day
technical problems,

21
To know about new
development their fields.
Executives both in
governments and
non-government
department,
Legislatures’
Business managers, executives
in government and non-
government organization
For the decision-making,
policy making, making
plans etc.
2.8 Factor that Affect Information Needs of Users
J.M Paisley observed that the following factors affect information needs of the users:
 The range of information sources available.
 The use on which the information is to be put.
 The background, motivation, orientation and other individual
characteristics of the user.
 The social, political and economic system surrounding the user.
 The consequence of information use.
2.9 Types of Users Studies
There have been carried out to so far various types and studies about the information
needs of the users. They are as follows:
Behavior Studies: The studies and surveys which are conducted to find out the pattern of
overall interaction of the user’s community with communication system, without
reference to any specific information receiving event, are called communication behavior
studies. Perhaps the most comprehensive study of communication was survey conducted
by the operations research group of the homogeneous users-chemists, yet some of
findings have been found to be universal.
The study reveals that scientists generally spend almost half of the time of their working
hours in some forms of communication such as pursuing literature, looking up for
references, actual reading, talking or listening to a colleague and so on. When this only
half of the time is available for actual reading as the other half is spent in searching and

22
other communication activities. Perhaps too much time is spent in searching for
information. If more time is to be spent on actual reading then the searching time has to
be cut down otherwise it would be at the cost of other work. It would be still better if
more time could be released for research work. This study also reveals that the locus of
the reading was within a group if nine periodicals only.
Use Studies: In the second category, those surveys and studies are places which are
conducted to find out the use of any communication medium, such as a primary
periodicals, a secondary periodical, etc, in this a large number of surveys have been
conducted to find out the relative use of different channels in response to question like,
where would you search information? Or how did you find the reference? Etc. the
possible channels that could be named in response to such questions are –by chance,
personnel recommendation, from abstracting and indexing as cited reference through
regular perusal of journals, etc. in some studies no destination has been made between
finding by chance and by regular perusal or between finding by chance and from cited
reference and so on. As a consequence the result from these surveys is not completely
compatible. Even then efforts have been made, from time to time, to compare the
findings and find out the reasons for the difference.
Information Flow Studies: the third category includes surveys which are conducted to
find out the pattern of flow of information in the communication on the communication
system. Information flow studies have been made from different points of view. Some
excellent studies have been made by Garvey and Griffith regarding the communication
system is the field of psychology. There appears to be a surprising degree sequence is the
system and their findings seem to whole good for the entire science communication
system. Here we say about the preparation and communication of an article in the journal.
A work published in a journal this month can be said, with a fair degree of accuracy, to
have started sometimes 30 to 36 month ago and then must have gone through the
subsequent stages of preparation of report , first oral reports, report at a conference,
technical report, and then finally and reviewing services in the next 21 months. All these
events when plotted on a time scale give the picture as clear. (Thakur: p442, 2014).

23
2.10 Concept Users Education
The concepts of user education are newly developed in the area of library and
information science for better utilization and dissemination of resources in the libraries.
The libraries felt the need of arranging such users’ education programmes in the libraries
due to the growth of library collection and the complication in the use of library system,
service and the use of modern information technology. Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, father of
library science in India has explained in his first law that the “Book are for use”.
According to him, all books and other materials acquired by the library should be used
and disseminated, because each library spends a lot of money on the collection
development and running it. The users’ education is the only method which can help
users in making full use of library collection. The librarian provides them with users in
making full use of library collection. The librarian provides them with education. He/she
connects the users and the information required to him. Library users education
programme is organized in the libraries make the new users familiar with the library
collection and services. The users’ may be different from the nature of the library and
literature searching is the main of the users’ education.
User Education
According to T.D Wilson, “User education is the process whereby potential users of
information or those concerned with the creation of national information policies, are
made aware of the value of information on specialized fields of activities and in everyday
life, are instilled to use with positive attitudes towards the need to seek information and
are motivated to use of develop information resources.”
According to Mews, “user education is instructions given to readers to help them make
the use of a library.”
Hugh Fleming defined User education as “various programmes of instruction, education
and exploration provided by libraries to users to enable them to which these libraries
provided access.”

24
According to Jacques Tacatlian, “User education is to include any effort or programme
which will guide and instruct existing and potential users in the recognition and
formulation of their information needs, in the effective and efficient use of information
services and their assessment.”
UNESCO defined “User education as any effort or programme, which will guide and
instruct existing and potential users individually or collectively”.
2.11 Components of Users’ Education
The prime goal of all libraries is to provide information to its users. The library is trinity
of users’ staff and library materials. Thus users are major components of library. The
success of library depends upon its capacity to satisfy users need. Therefore the users are
the focal parts of all information activities at all levels.
The User Education Program can be divided into Four Levels as Following:
 Library orientations.
 Library instruction and
 Bibliographic instruction.
 Interest Profiles.
Library Orientation: It is an introduction to library building, card catalogue and some
basic reference materials.
The orientation aimed to the follows:
1. Motivation for searching and using the information
2. Creating awareness about available information resources
3. Exposing them to various organizational tools of the library.
Library Instruction: It teaches the users, how to use the indexes bibliographic tools,
abstracts and other reference materials. This method often gives instructions to the
researchers in their field to get specific information resources. The aims are as follows:
Provide specific instructions to how to use and understand specific information system,
information sources and tools.

25
Bibliographic Instruction: Normally, it is difficult to use the bibliographic tools because
of their organizational pattern. Thus these instructions aim at: Exposing to the users to
bibliographical tools. Providing guidance’s to understand the features of these tools and
their nature of subject coverage.
Interest Profiles: it is the fourth leg of users’ education. Thus users’ education
programme is prepared to provide information to the special users group of interest
profile. This programme brings close relation between the users, librarian and the system.
The interest group may be designed for individual group and standard profile.
2.12 Impact of users study on library operation and services
The users’ studies have a number of impacts on library systems and services directly or
indirectly in the following way:
 Growth of information.
 Non-use of resources.
 Growth in the number of inter and multidisciplinary subjects.
 Unfamiliarity of users about library system.
 Revolutionary change in the physical forms of documents.
 New method of information transfer.
 Change in the system of examination.
 Absence of proper assistance and guidance.
 Limited financial resources.
 Resources allocation.
 User’s based information services.
2.13 Medical Database and other Resources of Health Area
Up-to-Date
Medical knowledgebase designed to deliver research literature at the point of patient care.
Up-to-date Online is a medical knowledge environment designed to deliver scientific
research literature at the point of patient care. Under UIC's site license, the service has
certain physical boundaries for usage. Up-to-date is an evidence-based, physician-

26
authored clinical knowledge system which clinicians trust to make the right point-of-care
decisions. Up To Date’s more than 5,100 world-renowned physician authors, editors and
peer reviewers use a rigorous editorial process to synthesize the most recent medical
information into trusted, evidence-based recommendations that are proven to improve
patient care and quality. More than 600,000 clinicians in 149 countries and almost 90%
of academic medical centers in the U.S. rely on Up-to-date, and more than 30 research
studies confirm Up-to-date’s widespread usage and association with improved patient
care and hospital performance, including reduced length of stay, adverse complications
and mortality. Up-to-date is part of Wolters Kluwer Health, a leading global provider of
information, business intelligence and point-of-care solutions for the healthcare industry.
(uptodate,2016).
HINARI
HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme provides free or very low cost online
access to the major journals in biomedical and related social sciences to local, not-for-
profit institutions in developing countries. HINARI was launched in January 2002, with
some 1500 journals from 6 major publishers: Blackwell, Elsevier Science, the Harcourt
Worldwide STM Group, Wolters Kluwer International Health & Science, Springer
Verlag and John Wiley, following the principles in a Statement of Intent signed in July
2001. Since that time, the numbers of participating publishers and of journals and other
full-text resources has grown continuously. 180 publishers partners and up to 400
publishers’ content are offering more than 60,000 information resources in HINARI and
many others are joining the programme.(HINARI,2016).
The National Library of Medicine (NLM)
The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of
Health in Bethesda, Maryland, has been a center of information innovation since its
founding in 1836. The world’s largest biomedical library, NLM maintains and makes
available a vast print collection and produces electronic information resources on a wide
range of topics that are searched billions of times each year by millions of people around

27
the globe. It also supports and conducts research, development, and training in
biomedical informatics and health information technology. In addition, the Library
coordinates a 6,000-member National Network of Libraries of Medicine that promotes
and provides access to health information in communities across the United States.NLM
Popular Database: PubMed/Medicine, UMLS, Clinical Trials, Medicine Plus, TOXNET,
and Images from the history of medicine, Digital collection, Locator Plus and MedPix
(nlm,2016)
Medicine.Net.com
MedicineNet.com is a good place to go understandable yet in depth medical information
produced by network by a US. Board certified physician writes this site has hundreds of
web articles on diseases, treatments, procedures, tests and drugs. Each category has A to
Z list of terms.
Emedicine.com
It launched in 1996 as a privately held company, emedicine.com’s goal is to provide
quality medical literature for healthcare professionals. Nearly 10,000 physician authors
and editors contribute to the emedicine clinical knowledge base, which contains articles
on more than 7,000 diseases and disorders. It provides the latest practice guidelines in
medical specialists.
MedPix
The National Library of Medicine is making it easier for health care professionals to
access medical images through the free, searchable MedPix database. MedPix is a fully
web-enabled and searchable cross-platform database that integrates images and textual
information. It is organized by organ system, pathology category and patient profiles as
well as by image classification. Images include a quick summary of medical information.
The NLM and MedPix provide the storage service, indexing and web server hosting.
Individuals and institutions can access the database through a web browser.

28
PubMed
PubMed is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references
and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library
of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health maintains the database as part of
the Entrez system of information retrieval. From 1971 to 1997, MEDLINE online access
to the MEDLARS Online computerized database had been primarily through institutional
facilities, such as university libraries. PubMed, first released in January 1996, ushered in
the era of private, free, home- and office-based MEDLINE searching. The PubMed
system was offered free to the public in June 1997, when MEDLINE searches via the
Web were demonstrated, in a ceremony, by Vice President Al Gore. (Wikipedia, 2016)
NLM Gateway
NLM Gateway is the user friendly way to search MEDLINE and other national library of
medicine database. It is broader in scope PubMed because it goes beyond journal
citations to include the monograph, serials and audio-visual materials of the NLM
collection as well as the contents of the several other databases. The current version of
gateway searches as MEDLINE via PubMed, MEDLINE plus, the consumer health
website of NLM, NLM catalogue and TOXLINE special so on.
NepJol (Nepalese Journal Online)
Nepjol is a programme under PERI, which includes Nepalese journals in English
accessible worldwide through the Web www.Nepjol.info. The NepJol website uses the
open access journals system created by the public knowledge project based in Canada.
Researchers can read free abstracts and access full text articles from participating
journals. Authors can submit their articles to Nepjol online website. So far 96 Nepalese
journals in English are uploaded in the Nepjol website. (tucl,2016)
World Health Organization (W.H.O)
W.H.O was established on 7 April 1948 – W.H.O now celebrates every year as World
Health Day. There are now more than 7000 people working in 150 country offices, in 6

29
regional offices and headquarters in Geneva. W.H.O primary role is to direct and
coordinate international health within the United Nations’ system. W.H.O main areas of
work: health systems, promoting health through the life-course, non-communicable
diseases, communicable diseases, corporate services, preparedness, surveillance and
response. (W.H.O, 2016).
Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC)
The Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) was established by an Act of Parliament in
1991 with the specific objective of "Promoting Scientific Study & Quality Research for
health in Nepal".(nhrc, 2016).
Nepal Medical Association (NMA)
Nepal Medical Association (NMA) is a professional organization of Medical and Dental
Doctors in Nepal. It was established on 20th Falgun, 2007 BS (4th March, 1951). It has
the honor of being the first professional organization of the kingdom. Starting with a few
as 20 members at the time of its inception, it has evolved into a large organization with
more than four thousand members under its umbrella. It has been regularly publishing a
medical journal and organizing scientific sessions to make the medical professionals fully
up-to-date with the advances in medical science. It has been striving with great zeal for
the common interests of the medical profession and has thus contributed significantly
towards the overall improvement of the health situation in the country. (nma,2016).
2.14 Leading Library Organization/Association as Following
Medical Library Association (MLA)
MLA is a Chicago-based advocate for library professionals and health sciences libraries
The MLA was founded as the Association of Medical Librarians on May 2, 1898, by four
librarians and four physicians in the office of the Philadelphia Medicine Journal at the
invitation of George M. Gould, M.D., editor. MLA believes that quality information is
essential for improved health. It aspires to be the association of the most visible, valued,
and trusted health information experts. to that end, MLA fosters excellence in the

30
professional practice and leadership of health sciences library and information
professionals in order to enhance the quality of health care, education and research
throughout the world. (mla,2016).
Health Libraries Australia:
HLA is the national professional organization representing librarians and information
professionals working in all health sectors including: hospitals and other clinical
facilities, research institutes, regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies, government departments, regional health services, professional colleges,
universities, cooperative research centers, not-for-profit and community organizations,
and parts of public library services. (hla,2016).
Health Libraries Group
HLG is a UK based network of individuals working in or professionally interested in
health and social care information. Our strength is our diverse and active membership
covering all health and social sectors, and geographical areas in the UK. Members work
for the health service, the academic sector, the independent sector, government
departments, professional associations, charities and public libraries. Students with an
interest in health and social care information are also welcome. Several HLG members
live and work abroad.(cilip,2016).
Canadian Health Libraries Association
Established in 1976, CHLA/ABSC grew out of the efforts of the Canadian Group of the
Medical Library Association and the Canadian Association of Special Libraries and
Information Services. Today, CHLA/ABSC is a professional organization of
approximately 350 individuals in the health sciences library field in Canada. Through its
programs and publications CHLA/ABSC encourages the professional development of its
members. (chla-absc.ca,2016).

31
The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
IFLA is the leading international body representing the interests of library and
information services and their users. It is the global voice of the library and information
profession. (IFLA, 2016).
2.15 Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Background
This literature review served as the basis for the conceptual framework underlying this
study. It is clear that demands for assessment are directed at post-secondary institutions
and their libraries by internal and external constituencies including governing boards,
state and federal agencies (in the case of publicly-funded institutions), accreditation
organizations, and administrators who need data for decision making. In addition, library
users bring expectations to the library about services and resources based on their
understanding of the institution as well as their experience and skill in using libraries.

32
References
Adhikari, B. (2015) Users’ Study of Sri Sathy Sai Shikshya Sadan School Library,
Tokha. Mlib Thesis. (Unpublished master's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central
Anyaoku, E. N.; Nwafor-Orizu, Obianuju E and Oguaka, Chikelunma N. (2015) Internet
Information seeking and use by Medical Students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University,
Nigeria (e-journal) 7(8), (p.148-154).
Bist G. R. (2010) Users Study of Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO) Mlib Thesis.
(Unpublished master's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central Department of
Library and Information Science, Kirtipur, Nepal.
Chinnadurai and Balamurugan (2013) User study of services of Kalasalingam University
5(10) (p.325-329).
Dhungana, A. (2008) Users’ Study of the Institute of Forestry Campus Libraries of
Nepal. (Unpublished master's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central Department of
http://nhrc.org.np/guidelines/ retrieved on 15th Feb-2016.
http://proxuy.cc.uic.edu/ retrieved on 15th Feb-2016.
http://www.chla-absc.ca/node/ retrieved on 19th Feb-2016.
http://www.cilip.org.uk/about/special-interest-groups/health-libraries-groups/ retrieved
On 4th March-2016.
http://www.ifla.org/ retrieved on 24th Feb-2016.
http://www.nma.org.np/introduction.php/ retrieved on 15th Feb-2016.
http://www.tucl.org.np/content/nepali-journal-online/ retrieved on 10th Feb-2016.
http://www.unesco.org/webworld/libraries/ retrieved on 7th Feb-2016.
http://www.uptodate.com/ retrieved on 2nd Feb-2016.
http://www.who.int/hinari/about/en/ retrieved on 5th March-2016.

33
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed/ retrieved on 10th Feb-2016
https://www.alia.org.au/groups/hla retrieved on 9th March-2016
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/ retrieved on 8th March-2016.
International Journal of Library and Information Science Vol. 3(9), pp. 187-189, October
2011.
International Journal of Library and Information Science Vol.5 (10) Nov-2013
Kadli J, Kumbar BD (2011). Faculty Information Seeking Behaviour in Changing ICT
Environment: A study of Commerce Colleges in Mumbai. Library Philosophy and
Practice.
Mahajan, P. (2009). Information seeking Behavior: a Study of Punjub University, India.
Library Philosophy and Practice (March):1-6.
Manandhar (2008) User’s Study on Institute of Engineering Pulchok Llibrary.
Pant, P. R. (2015) Social Science Research and Thesis writing (6th
.ed.) Kathmandu:
Buddha Academic Enterprises. (p.44).
Prabhavathi D (2011). Information seeking behaviour of post graduate students of
SPMW, Tirupati (A.P): a study. Int. J. Digital Lib. Service 1(1):34-47.
Rahiman SAF, Tamizhchelven M (2011). Information Seeking Behavior of Students of
Engineering College in and around Coimbatore: a Study. Eur. J. Scientific Res.
61(2):265-272.
Ranganadhan S, Babu KS (2012). Awareness and use of library information resources
& services in Osmania University, Hydrabad. Int. J. Lib. Inform. Stud. 2(3):42-4
Rayamajhi J. (2016) Users Study of Patan Academy Health Sciences (PAHS) Library.
Siddique S (2011). Information seeking behaviour of B. Tech and M.B.B.S students in

34
Lucknow: a comparative study. International research: J. Lib. Inform. Sci. (1):55-
69.
Singh, G. (2013). Information Sources and Services. New Delhi: PHI Learning, P.465.
Sohail MD, Pandye A, Upadhyay Ak (2012). Use of Library Resources in University
Libraries by Students: a Survey with Special Reference the University of Kalian.
IASIC Bulletine 57(2):122-128.
NET/SET, New Delhi: Danuka Publishing. P.442.
NET/SET, New Delhi: Danuka Publishing. P.443.
Thapa, A. B. (2008) users’ study of B.P Koirala institute of health science central
Library, Dharan. (Unpublished Bachelor's thesis). Tribhuvan University, Central
www.mlanet.org/ retrieved on 15th Feb-2016.

35
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is a process or way directed towards finding answer, seeking
solutions or looking for improved designs of functioning systematically and suggests
implementing the laws of library science orderly. The purpose of this study is to explore
the extent of the use of library and its resources and supportive service provided by the
librarian. The most important section of the research procedure as it explicitly set out
how the procedure is to be implemented. In other words research methodology describes
the methods and process applied in the entire aspects of the study focus of the data
gathering instrument and procedure, data tabulating and processing and method of
analysis. Research methodology is an unavoidable guideline, which gives due importance
throughout the study. This chapter covers research design, population and source of data,
data collection procedure, data processing and presentation and analytical tools used.
According to Goddard & Melville (2004), answering unanswered questions or exploring
which currently not exist is a research. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of current
English lays down the meaning of research as a careful investigation or inquiry especially
through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. Redmen & Mory (2009),
define research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
In Research Methodology, researcher always tries to search the given question
systematically in our own way and find out all the answers till conclusion. If research
does not work systematically on problem, there would be less possibility to find out the
final result. For finding or exploring research questions, a researcher faces lot of
problems that can be effectively resolved with using correct research methodology
(Industrial Research Institute, 2010).

36
3.2 Research Design
The formidable problem that follows the task of defining the research problem is the
preparation of the design of the research project, popularly known as the “research
design”. Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning
an inquiry or a research study constitute a research design. “A research design is the
arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to
combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.”1 In fact, the
research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it
constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. As such the
design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and
its operational implications to the final analysis of data. (Kothari, 2004).
Research is an academic activity and such as the term should be use in a technical sense.
research refer to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem,
formulating a hypothesis, collecting the fact data, analyzing the fats and reaching certain
conclusion either in the form of solution towards the concerned problem or in certain
generalization for some theoretical formulation. Questionnaire is the main tool which
researcher can used for the collection of data. Primary and secondary as well as library
statistical data can be used. Questionnaires were aimed to collect information for micro
analysis in field of library collections, facilities, staffing, physical arrangement, opening
hours and overall satisfaction.
3.3 Place of the Study
This study was conducted in Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) Library, Basic Science
Library Duwakot, Bhaktapur and Clinical Science Library Sinamangal, Kathmandu.
3.4 Population
A research population is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the
main focus of a scientific query. It is for the benefit of the population that researches are
done. However, due to the large sizes of populations, researchers often cannot test every
individual in the population because it is too expensive and time-consuming. A research

37
population is also known as a well-defined collection of individuals or objects known to
have similar characteristics. All individuals or objects within a certain population usually
have a common, binding characteristic or trait. (explorable, 2016). In this research,
Population is KMC Library members as students from the various academic programs.
Total no of population is 1115.
Table 1: Population of Users
Library Users (students) Population Sample Percentage (%)
MBBS 735 148 20
BDS 200 40 20
BSc Nursing 120 24 20
Post Graduate (PG) 60 12 20
Total 1115 224 20
3.5 Sampling
Sampling is the statistical process of selecting a subset (called a “sample”) of a
population of interest for purposes of making observations and statistical inferences about
that population. Social science research is generally about inferring patterns of behaviors
within specific populations. We cannot study entire populations because of feasibility and
cost constraints, and hence, we must select a representative sample from the population
of interest for observation and analysis. It is extremely important to choose a sample that
is truly representative of the population so that the inferences derived from the sample
can be generalized back to the population of interest. (Bhattacherjee, 2012). The sample
of this study is 20% of the KMC library users. A sample has taken MBBS, BDS, BSc
Nursing and PG students. Size of sample is 224.
3.6 Data Collection Procedure
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted
variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enables one to answer relevant
questions and evaluate outcomes. The data collection component of research is common
to all fields of study including Physical and social sciences, humanities and business.

38
While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest
collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence
that then translates to rich data analysis and allows the building of a convincing and
credible answer to questions that have been posed. Generally there are three types of data
collection and they are:
 Surveys: Standardized paper and pencil or phone questionnaires that ask
predetermined questions.
 Interviews: Structured or unstructured one-on-one directed conversations with key
individuals or leaders in a community.
 Focus groups: Structured interviews with small groups of like individuals using
standardized questions, follow-up questions, and exploration of other topics that
arise to better understand participants.
Consequences from improperly collected data include:
 Inability to answer research questions accurately.
 Inability to repeat and validate the study. (Wiki, 2016).
There are many data collection tools for the research such as observation, interview and
questionnaire etc. questionnaire, the most commonly used survey tool chosen for this
research. The best method of studying a population is by complete enumeration of all
units. This is not operationally feasible of financial constraints. Hence, adequate samples
are drawn which are representative of all units in a population by selection of appropriate
sample method. This study based in a random sample. It is a scientific method of
selecting samples. The sample of this study is 20% of the KMC library users as MBBS,
BDS, BSc Nursing and PG students. 224 populations are selected randomly for the
research.
Surveying: First of all, the questionnaires consisting of 224 questions were distributed to
library users’ base upon the random selection. The purposed of the questionnaires was

39
explained and requested them to fill up the questionnaires. All users given promised to
return it within couple of days.
Observation and Interviews: some were interviewed about library services, collections,
rules and regulations, E-resources services and opening time of library. Direct
observation was made on the communication behavior between the library staff and
situation of library facilities. The data collection work done in healthy environment.
3.7Analysis of Data
In this regards, all the collected raw data were tabulated, classified and analyzed. Then it
was categories in the various forms according to their need and nature, which was
expressed numerically and percentage were calculated. In this research, both descriptive
and analytical methods have used for the presentation of collected data and information.
Analyses of data in this research were used IBM SPSS version 20 and Microsoft office
excel for statistics representing and Microsoft office word for wording.
3.8 Research Instrument
Questionnaire is the main tool which research have used for the collection of data during
this research. The questionnaire were aimed to collect information on library services,
facilitates, develop the collections. The questionnaire consists of 224 question related
with library. The sample copy questionnaire is attached in appendix. The necessary
research instruments are good condition of computer and printer and Stationary like: pen,
pencil, eraser, and paper. Instruments were used especially for data collection, analysis
and interpretation.

40
References
Goddard, W & Melville, S. (2004). Research Methodology: An Introduction. Lansdowne:
Juta and Company Ltd. (P. 1).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collection/ retrieved on 19th Feb-2016
Industrial Research Institute (2010) Research management. Michigan: Industrial
Research Institute.
Kothari, C.R. (2004), Research methodology: method and techniques (2nd
rev. ed.) New
Delhi: New Age Intl. (P. 31).

41
Chapter IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION
4.1 Introduction
The main purpose of analyzing the data is to change it from an unprocessed form to an
understandable presentation. The analysis of data consists of organizing, tabulating and
performing statistical data. After collecting of data through questionnaire, analysis and
presentation is done in the following section using different statistical tools. In this
research, data are collected from Basic Science Library Bhaktapur Duwakot and Clinical
Library Sinamangal Kathmandu of Kathmandu Medical College (KMC). Important tables
are further analyzed & presented in various tables, charts, graph and these are interpreted
as given.
4.2 Number of Respondent
A total of 224 questionnaires have been distributed to the users of the two libraries.
Among the 224 questionnaires distributed, only 183 questionnaires have been returned by
respondents which are 81.70% of the questionnaire, Table 2 shows the number of
questionnaires distributed and returned by the respondents. The respondents are PG,
MBBS, BDS and BSc. Nursing students.
Table 2: Number of Respondents
Libraries No. of questionnaire distributed No. of questions returned
PG MBBS BDS BSc. PG MBBS BDS BSc. Percent
Basic Library 6 74 20 12 6 61 20 10 86.61%
Clinical Library 6 74 20 12 6 50 20 10 76.79%
Total
No. 12 148 40 24 12 111 40 20
Percent
(%)
100 100 100 100 100 75 100 83.34
100% 81.70%
Source: Field survey 2016
Table 2 shows the number of questionnaires distributed to the respondents and returned
by their librarians. It shows that the users in Basic Library returned 86.61% of the
questionnaires whereas the respondents in Clinical Library returned 76.79% of the
distributed questionnaires. Basic library returned 9.82% more questionnaires than
Clinical Library.

42
4.3 Demographic Status
Demographics are defined as statistical data about the characteristics of a population,
such as the age and gender within the population. When the census assembles data about
valid users’ ages and genders, this is an example of assembling information about
demographics. KMC library users’ demographics status as follows:
Table 3: Demographic Status
Demographic status
Gender Frequency Percent Age. Frequency Percentage
Male 87 47.5% 18-27 169 92.3
Female 96 52.5% 28-37 12 6.6
Total 183 100% >37 2 1.1
Total 183 100%
Table 3 shows demographic status of the respondents. As seen in the table the female
respondents constitute a large part survey population, 96(52.5%) as against 87(47.5%) of
their male counterparts. The table also clear that respondent’s age is below 28 contains
169(92.3%). Age among 28-37 contains 12(6.6%) and age above or more than 37
contains 2(6.6%) only. It illuminate the entire library users are youthful.
4.4 Qualification of Users
Qualifications are special skill or type of experience or knowledge that makes someone
suitable to do a particular job or activity. In this research respondents are divided into
four categories: PG, MBBS, BDS and BSc Nursing.
Table 4: Qualification of Users
Users Frequency Percent
PG 12 6.6
MBBS 111 60.7
BDS 40 21.9
BSc Nursing 20 10.9
Total 183 100 %

43
Table 4 also shows in further developed into figure 1which shows that
qualification of users is Post Graduate student (PG) 12(6.6%), Bachelor in
Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) is 111(60.7%), Bachelor in Dental
Surgery (BDS) is 40(21.9%) and BSc Nursing student is 20(10.9%). All qualified
users given various opinion in this research which will be great helpful for further
improvement library services.
Figure 1: Qualification of Users
Specific respondents might have specific kinds of purpose and information seeking
behaviors. Figure 1 show that 61% respondents who have MBBS, 22% BDS, 11% BSc
Nursing and 6 % are Master’s degree.
4.5 Necessity of Library
Respondents were also asked about the necessity of the library in this digital world. Their
responses are recorded in the following table 5 and figure 1. Library information services
are a key element in libraries since the ancient times but in this is digital world library
more important than before because following data giving reasonable necessity of library.
PG 6%
MBBS 61%
BDS 22%
BSc 11%
PG MBBS BDS BSc Nursing

44
Table 5: Necessity of Library
S.N Valid Frequency Percent
A. Very necessary 86 47.0
B. Necessary 92 50.3
C. Not necessary 4 2.2
D. Do not know 1 0.5
Total 183 100%
Figure 2: Necessity of Library
In this digital world library is more important than before. According figure 2 four
options were given to users for indicating the types of and their necessities. 92(50.3%),
Users given in very necessary, 86(47%) Users give in necessary and nominal users given
opinion in library is not necessary 4(2.2%) in this digital world respectively one user
1(0.5%) have unknown about library.
4.6 Frequency of Visit Library
The purpose of students visiting the library may determine the frequency of their visits
when the need of library services. In order to check how often they visit the library
respondents have been given four options. These four option measure the frequency of
visits: daily, twice a week, once a week and when needed. Table 6 and Figure 3 below
were the opinions of respondents.
Very necessary Necessary Not necessary Do not know
86(47%)
92(50.3%)
4(2.2%)
1(0.5%)

45
Table 6: Frequency of Visit Library
A Daily 49 26.8
B Twice a week 30 16.4
C once a week 10 5.5
D As and when needed 94 51.4
Total 183 100%
Figure 3: Frequency of Library Visit
Table 6 and Figure 3 shows that 49(26.8%) respondents use the library daily. 30(16.4%)
respondents visit the library twice a week. 10(5.5%) respondents’ visit the library once a
week. 94(51.4%) respondents visit library as and when needed of library services
4.6 Frequency of Library Usage
The purpose of users visiting the library may determine the frequency of their usage in
daily basis. In order to check how often they use the library the respondents have been
given four option measure usage of library. KMC library users asked about the frequency
Daily Twice a week once a week As and when
needed
A B C D
49 (26.8%)
30 (16.4%)
10 (5.5%)
94 (51.4%)

46
of library usage between various hours as spent daily basis in library. Users have
opinions in table 7 and figure 4.
Table 7: Frequency of Library Usage
A <1hour 59 32.2
B >1 hour 56 30.6
C >2hour 49 26.8
D >3hour 19 10.4
Total 183 100%
Figure 4: Frequency of Library Usage
Figure 4 show that <1hour usage by users are 59(32.2%), >1 hour usage by users are
56(30.6%), >2hours usage by users are 49(26.8%) and finally >3hours usage by users are
19(10.4%) in daily basis.
4.6 Purpose of Library Visit
All the applicable questions are asked to the user about purpose of their library visit.
Library is social institution and service centers. Different types of users have a different
purposes and needs. Academic library is especially for students and faculties and as such
they use library for academic purpose and research. In this study users are requested to
choose multiple answers. The results are presented in the following Table and Figure.
<1hour >1 hour >2hour >3hour
A B C D
59 (32.2%)
56 (30.6%)
49 (26.8%)
19 (10.4%)

47
Table 8: Purpose of Library Visit
S.N
Valid Frequency Percent
A
Borrowing Books 83 45.4
B
Access Periodical 5 2.7
C
Access the E-resources 13 7.1
D
Access References Sources 31 16.9
E
Read Newspaper/Magazine 10 5.5
F
For the General Reading 37 20.2
G
For the Latest Arrival 4 2.2
Total 183 100%
Figure 5: Purpose of Library Visit
Figure 5 reveals that 83(45.4 %) of the total populations of the visit the library to borrow
books, followed by access of periodical 5(2.7%) with a total respondents. 13(7.1%) of
their visit library to access E-resources, 16.9% for visit library to access reference
service, 10(5.5%) for visit library to read newspaper, 37(20.2%) visiting library for the
purpose of general reading and 4(2.2% ) users are visiting for latest arrival. From the
above Table and Figure it is observed that borrowing books is the main purpose of
visiting library.
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Borrowing Books
Access Periodical
Access the E-resources
Acesss References Sources
Read Newspaper/Magazine
For the General Reading
For the Latest Arrival
ABCDEFG
83 (45.4%)
5 (2.7%)
13(7.1%)
31 (16.9%)
10 (5.5%)
37 (20.2%)
4 (2.2%)

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