This document provides an overview and introduction to an internship at the Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) Library in Nepal. It discusses the objectives of the internship, background on PAHS and its library. The library has a collection of over 4,000 books and subscribes to various e-resources. During the internship, activities included experience in acquisition, processing, circulation, reference and using the library automation system. Future plans for the library include installing a security gate and adding more computers.

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AN INTERNSHIP ON
PATAN ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES (PAHS)
LIBRARY
Internship report submitted to
Department of Library and information Science
In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Masters in Library and Information Science, Final semester
By
ARJUN THAPA
Roll no.: 02666, 4th
Semester
T.U. Registration No.: 7-1-278-236-2003
Submitted to
Tribhuvan University
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Central Department of Library and Information Science
Kritipur, Kathmandu
May, 2016

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Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Objectives of Internship................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Organization Introduction............................................................................................. 6
1.3.1 History of Patan Hospital........................................................................................ 6
1.3.2 Patan Academy of Health Science.......................................................................... 7
1.3.4 PAHS Library......................................................................................................... 7
1.3.4.1 Collection Status .............................................................................................. 8
1.3.4.2 Library Building............................................................................................... 8
1.3.4.3 Library Opening Time...................................................................................... 8
1.3.4.4 Library Budget ................................................................................................. 8
1.3.4.5 Human resources in Library............................................................................. 8
1.4 Activities and Experience in the Library ...................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Acquisition Section................................................................................................. 9
1.4.2 Processing Section.................................................................................................. 9
1.4.3 Circulation Section ............................................................................................... 10
1.4.4 Reference Section................................................................................................. 10
1.4.5 Library Automation .............................................................................................. 11
1.4.6 Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) ............................................................ 12
1.4.7 E-Resource............................................................................................................ 13
1.4.8 Periodicals Section................................................................................................ 13
1.4.9 E-resources Section .............................................................................................. 13
1.5 Future Plans ............................................................................................................. 13
1.5 Work Summaries ..................................................................................................... 14
1.6 Problems and Recommendations................................................................................ 16
1.6.1 Problems ............................................................................................................... 16
1.6.2 Recommendations................................................................................................. 17
1.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 19
1.8 APPENDIX................................................................................................................. 20
1.9 References................................................................................................................... 21

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Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my respectable teacher and
HOD, (Central Department of Library and information Science) Mr. Bhim Dhoj Shrestha.
I would like to express my gratitude to my respectable teacher Dr. Madhusudhan Karki,
Dr. Prf. Mohan Raj Pradhan and Mr. Yajya Raj Bhatt for their teaching which has, in one
another way motivated me to undertake and accomplish my report.
I feel a profound pleasure to express my heartiest thanks, sincere guideline, and deepest
sense of appreciation to my supervisor, for his scholastic guidance, advice, constructive
criticism and constant inspiration from the beginning to the completion of this research.
He also painstakingly edited the work and offered valuable suggestions for improvement
of this untiring cooperation. Without his direction, guidance, suggestion, inspiration,
instruction, constructive criticism, stimulation and constant encouragement, the
accomplishment of this work would have not been possible.
I am highly grateful to the PAHS Library staffs of who have given me the practical
knowledge about the Library operations. I am grateful to all my teachers of the
Department of Library and Information Science of Kritipur for their helpfulness, valuable
suggestions and providing necessary information to complete the report perfectly. There
are many people to whom I am grateful for the professional and personal support in the
completion of my report. For completing this study, I had to depend upon PAHS library
Website, Library Automation and different information sources.
Arjun Thapa
Roll No. 02666
MLBSc, 4th
Semester
T.U. Registration no.: 7-1-278-236-2003
March-2016

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CD-ROM: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
MBBS: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
PG: Post Graduate
OA: Open Access
PAHS: Patan Academy of Health Science
TU: Tribhuvan University
WWW: World Wide Web
NLM: National Library of Medicine
HINARI: Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative
SDI: Selective Dissemination of Information
HTML: Hypertext Markup
SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language
UMN: United Mission to Nepal

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INTERNSHIP IN PATAN ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCE (PAHS)
LIBRARY
1.1 Introduction
Internship prepares students for a profession career related to the major therefore it is
important that interns get hands on experiences. An intern is someone who works in a
temporary position for an employer that operates in an industry they are interested in
working in. Unlike conventional employment, internships have an emphasis on training,
rather than employment itself. An Internship provides a great opportunity for prospective
employees to gain experience in a particular field or industry, determine if they have an
interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain university module
credits. Interns may also have the possibility of putting themselves forward for
forthcoming opportunities for paid work, during their Internship.
Internships for professional careers are similar in some ways to apprenticeships for trade
and vocational jobs, but the lack of standardization and oversight leaves the term open to
broad interpretation. Interns may be college or university students, high school students,
or post-graduate adults. These positions may be paid or unpaid and are usually
temporary.
Generally, an internship consists of an exchange of services for experience between the
student and an organization. Students can also use an internship to determine if they have
an interest in a particular career, to create a network of contacts, or to gain school credit.
Some interns find permanent, paid employment with the organizations for which they
worked upon completion of the internship. This can be a significant benefit to the
employer as experienced interns often need little or no training when they begin regular
employment. Unlike a trainee program, employment at the completion of an internship is
not guaranteed.

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According to Business dictionary
“Period of supervised training required for qualifying for a profession. It follows a
specified number of academic credits or classroom years.”
According to Messiah College and the Technology Council of Central Pennsylvania
“An internship is any carefully monitored work or service experience in which a student
has intentional learning goals and reflects actively on what she or he is learning
throughout the experience.”
1.2 Objectives of Internship
 To gain practical experience by working library
 To observe unique challenges of the research library environment.
 To performs professional responsibilities in a tenure track library setting.
 To become better acquainted with the work.
 To provide career awareness for the students.
 To help the students to develop job search skills.
 To develop critical awareness of professionalism in librarianship.
 To develop self confidence as they indentify skills abilities and talents.
1.3 Organization Introduction
1.3.1 History of Patan Hospital
The United Mission to Nepal (UMN), an international Christian organization, founded
Shanta Bhawan Hospital almost 50 years ago as a pioneering autonomous hospital to
serve the underprivileged people of Nepal. In 1982, the hospital merged with Lalitpur
Hospital to form Patan Hospital, still under the management of UMN. UMN recently
decided to relinquish its role. This decision allowed Patan Hospital to become a self-
sufficient institution managed by its Nepali staff, and to continue its dedication to quality
compassionate care for the disadvantaged. Now, by becoming the teaching hospital of
PAHS, Patan Hospital will continue to grow and proceed into the future.( pahs.edu,2016).

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1.3.2 Patan Academy of Health Science
The Patan Academy of Health Sciences is an autonomous, not-for-profit public institution
of higher education which, when in full operation, will be self-sustaining. By providing
for the needs of Nepal’s rural poor, PAHS will address a root cause of the conflict that
devastated Nepal for the last decade. Reducing the divide between the urban and rural
populations will provide a basis for lasting peace in Nepal.
Currently, most medical schools in Nepal are for-profit, and medical education is very
traditional. Medical schools do not adequately emphasize the health care challenges of
Nepal, nor provide students with a feeling of social responsibility to improve health care
for disadvantaged populations. In contrast, PAHS will employ highly innovative
strategies in several areas to encourage its graduates to work to improve the health status
of the rural poor.
1.3.4 PAHS Library
PAHS is an academic institution so it has own well-equipped library which serve to all
Faculty Member, Intern, Medical Officer (MO), Medical students, Technical/non-
technical staff. Almost 4000 books are organized according to NLM (National Library of
Medicine) classification and cataloged by following AACR-2 rules. Library has 1300
titles of books including 950 reference books. Students are compulsory to become
member of library and faculty is optional for membership. More than 400 members has
membership card. Library users’ flow has more than 25% everyday and it increased day
by day due to library is growing organism.

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1.3.4.1 Collection Status
General information about Collection Status
Total Books (headcount) 4337
Text Books or Circulation Books 3323
Reference Books 1014
Total Titles 1584
Journal Back Issue/ Bound volumes Journal (Since1990) Titles 70-75
CD/DVD Accessible 193
Check Out till Today 31524
Check In Till Today 31194
1.3.4.2 Library Building
Library Building all the activities of the library are performed from new building on 5th
floor of Pediatrics Block. The present total measurement of the buildings is 4000 Square
ft. mini library/Basic Science library is situated on Basic Science Block.
1.3.4.3 Library Opening Time
Library Opening Time
Central Library Sunday – Friday (8:00 -19:00)
Mini/Basic science Library Sunday-Tuesday, Thursday- Friday (8:00 – 16:00)
1.3.4.4 Library Budget
PAHS Library, main financial sources is parent organization.
1.3.4.5 Human resources in Library
The manpower resources are an important component of the library management. PAHS
Library opening 8:00 am – 19:00 pm (11hrs) except Saturday, morning and evening two
shift. Library duty can be change if management required.
Department Chief Librarian Assistants General support Staffs Total
Library 1 4 3 8

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1.4 Activities and Experience in the Library
1.4.1 Acquisition Section
Acquisition section is an important section of the library. The library cannot procure any
book and journal without the requisition of the respective departmental chairman.
1.4.2 Processing Section
Without processing, no book can be made readily available for users. To locate a book
very quickly, processing it properly is essential. After receipt of library materials, there is
number of jobs to be done in the library, such as, physical checkup of books, sealing,
cataloguing, classification, data entry, preparing book slips, book pockets, bar coding,
pasting and finally shelving.
Technical Processing Of Library Materials as Below:
Technical Processing Section plays a key role to function the library. It makes a bridge
between the acquisitions of documents to the Circulation. The Technical Processing
Section of PAHS Library also plays a vital role to run the functioning of this library
services smoothly. Overall these steps follow by PAHS Library:
 Classification of books following NLM and LC scheme latest edition.
 Cataloguing of books following AACR-II.
 Prepare Subject Heading following MeSH.
 Using OCLC Dewey cutter program v1.10.6 for uniformity.
 New arrivals with bibliographic details are updated on Libinfo v2.0. Database and
OPAC.
 PAHS Library has recorded all library materials in hard copy and soft copy with
bibliographical details.
 Entry on accession register, Stamping, labeling barcode, spine-label, Books pocket,
due date slip and written on clue page.

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 Preparing / Update Database using Libinfo v2.0.
 Generating Bar-Code using LibInfo Software v2.0.
 Update database for the classified books also for Binding, Lost Books etc.
 Generate list of new arrival of books which includes bibliographic details including
Abstract as a new acquisition.
 PAHS Library also informs all new acquisition of library materials on pahs-
np.demo.libguides & email notice board to users’.
 Put hardcopy of new arrivals into display board. Simultaneously those books are
kept for 'New Arrival' Display. During that week we restrict those books for any
issue.
 Maintain archive for all books processed and shelved since the year 1982.
1.4.3 Circulation Section
Circulation Services assists library patrons with the location and circulation of library
materials. Functions include check-outs and check-ins of materials, Notify overdue and
collection of fines and other charges, re-shelving of library materials, maintaining order
in shelving areas. Circulation Services also assists provide membership, reissue for lost
library card, and patrons with general questions about the PAHS Library.
1.4.4 Reference Section
The PAHS Library assists to all library users, from helping with quick information.
References services are very important to special library users. PAHS Library provides
reference services through rare valuable books, Dictionary, Encyclopedia, yearbooks and
latest journal. Each set at least one copy of ordinary books are kept in reference section.
Users can use reference books within library. Other types of reference service like short
time and long time reference service as well as ready reference service are provided form
library. References books are issued for faculty and clinical students for overnight.

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1.4.5 Library Automation
ICTs have changed the way information is created and distributed. They have also
changed the way libraries select, acquire, organize and deliver information. Librarians
must adapt to this change and acquire skill in using automated library systems. PAHS
library has been used Library automation (LIBINFO v2.0) for the library housekeeping.

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1.4.6 Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)
Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) for libraries appeared in the 1980s and then
Web‐ based OPACs began to emerge in the late 1990s. The Web OPACs are a natural
progression in technological development and could be termed as an advanced second
generation OPAC. It is an improvement on traditional OPACs serving as a gateway to the
resources not only held by a particular library but also to the holdings of other linked
libraries and to regional, national and international resources. In library OPAC you can
find a huge collection of Titles ranging from general genres to rare reports. You can
browse out catalogues from the search form given above.

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1.4.7 E-Resource
In the PAHS library and media tech center of Basic Science block, there are altogether 34
desktop computers for the use of patrons. The PAHS library offers free access to the Up-
to-date (http:www.uptodate.com - currently full access is restricted as our subscription is
undergoing review and approval process for renewal Oct 1, 2015) and database like
HINARI (www.who.int/hinari) and other resources (e.g. CINAHL, Cochrane and many
others) linked to it via auto login at the computers. There are two scanners and two
photocopy machine, for the official and educational usage. The photocopy services are
meant for library resources and it can be obtained at the minimum cost.
1.4.8 Periodicals Section
There is a journal section to give journal service. National and international journal are
managed for users. Bound volume of backdated journal and current issue journal are
available in library. Journals are also classified according to NLM classification where
general surgery, medicine, obstratrics/gyaenocology, pediatrics, public health,
pharmacology and other health related journals are kept.
1.4.9 E-resources Section
Internet service is essential for today’s world. The library is adopting greater electronic
access of information. So internet is access to users and free Wi-Fi service also access. E-
resources like HINARY, Pub med, up to date are in access to its users. More than 10
computers are available for the use of e-resources. Other services: Except above services,
the library provided other types of service like photocopy of personal documents, library
instruction, find out books through automation helping to arrange documents, daily
newspaper and many more.
1.5 Future Plans
According to library authority the following are the tasks still to be accomplished:
 PAHS library main future plan is security gate installation as soon as possible.
 Homework to e-library

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 Adding more PC in library.
 Adding to more internet bandwidth in library.
 Renovating book‐ordering system through acquisition module of the new
software.
 Reading room and group study room facilities.
1.5 Work Summaries
Internship Details
During the period of 15th
Magh - 14th
Falgun 2072
Institute /Organization: PAHS Library (Time 11am -19pm, 8hrs per day)
Intern Name: Arjun Thapa
Date Internship Summaries Remarks
15th
Magh 2072 Attempt to internship orientation, meeting and discuses about internship at
PAHS Library
16th
Magh 2072 Off day
17th
Magh 2072 Off day
18th
Magh 2072 Arrangement periodical, provide reprography services, discuses about
automation libinfo.
19th
Magh 2072 Scanning some documents of faculty and given some instruction to new
member, provided reference service and finally books shelving
20th
Magh 2072 Collect library memberships form of new batch provides reference service
and end of day books shelving.
21st
Magh 2072 Create a database in excel and LibInfo automation of new member all 55.
22nd
Magh 2072 Provide library card with barcode and all collected database sent to admin for
ID card. Provide overall circulation services.
23rd
Magh2072 Off day

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24th
Magh 2072 Off day
25th
Magh 2072 Changing setup of library for enhanced and effectiveness services.
26th
Magh 2072 Arranging network cables properly
27th
Magh 2072 Literature search on topic: Maternal group B streptococcus-related stillbirth: a
systematic review. Check-in/ checkout books and informed notice to overdue
member.
28th
Magh 2072 Reporting about printing and photocopy services to administration.
29th
Magh 2072 Books maintained with simple binding, check loan status of resigned member
and listing on resigned of membership, calculated library fine and deposited
on bank.
1st
Falgun, 2072 Off day
2nd
Falgun 2072 Off day
3rd
Falgun 2072 Cataloguing of some books and books shelving.
4th
Falgun 2072 Technical processing of books: various tasks as stamping, labeling spine, past
due date, book pocket, entry and database creates in library software and
OPAC.
5th
Falgun 2072 Provide reference service, circulation services and arrangement of journals in
proper places.
6th
Falgun 2072 Literature search in given 10 topic by faculty and books check-in/check-out.
7th Falgun 2072 Keep the library visitors record in database, provided the reprography
services, forwarded lost id card detail of student to communication officer.
8th
Falgun 2072 Off day
9th
Falgun 2072 Off day
10th
Falgun 072 Up-to-dated of library books on holding list, help to circulation desk.
11th
Falgun 2072 Technical processing of new books and assists to library users.
12th
Falgun 2072 Checking the Missed shelving books and order them proper place, Books
check-in and check-out.
13th
Falgun 2072 Keeping record of CD-DVD in excel database and order them according to
subject wise.
14th
Falgun 2072 Cataloguing of some books, keeping data record of new faculty member and

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issued some books for overnight, Finally given thanks to all staffs for co-
operation.
1.6 Problems and Recommendations
1.6.1 Problems
The concept of this study arose from a general observation. In PAHS Library, users
frequently ask about the library resources. They also tend to rely on staff members to tell
them about desired but unavailable items, renew any outstanding books and inform them
of any fines. Yet, all of these tasks could actually be performed using the library’s
service. In theory, there should be a huge demand for the library services offer. The
problems facing PAHS Library considering my experiences, I think we need to carefully
look into the following problems and constraints for possible solutions:
 Administrative factors: This factor is much more acute than other factors.
Administrators, policy makers, and library executives are not fully aware of the
importance of library services.
 Training program: Lack of proper training program, training facilities and lack
of trained personnel.
 Lack of support from the higher authorities: Lack of reliable supports
(financial, technical, infrastructural, institutional, and administrative, etc.) from
the higher authority creates severe problems.
 Library services: Lack of recognition of the importance of libraries and library
services.
 Lack of computer literate professionals: Although computer is becoming
popular in Nepal, still we have of lack of computer literate professionals. Many
senior and old information professionals do not know how to operate computer.

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 Library planning: Lack of proper library planning and lack of commitment by
the University authority.
 Insufficient budget: Lack of sufficient budget and budgeting practices is the
main problem for improving better library services.
 Space & equipment: Shortage of space and equipment are the main problem to
serve better service.
 Co‐operation: Lack of co‐operation among libraries and lack of co‐operative
spirit among library personnel.
 Awareness program: In PAHS Library there is no section for improvement
where awareness program for personnel and library users.
 ICT facilities: In case of adequate ICT facilities, the personnel and library users
are not getting sophisticated ICT facilities. There are not adequate computer labs
and other ICT facilities for personnel and library users.
 Extension Service: There are no adequate external services i.e. seminar,
symposium, lectures, exhibition, displays rear collections, booklets and new
arrival collections, film shows, phonorecords, microfilm and other materials.
 Availability: Lack of availability of bibliography tools for selection, cataloguing
and reference purposes.
1.6.2 Recommendations
Today’s world is the information and technology world. Information disseminates
through physical or virtual means. Information is essential in every sector whether it is
Physical (physical library) or virtual (e-library). Even there are many facilities and
services which are provided by library to the users, there are some deficiencies and
limitation in providing access to the information. Based on findings and conclusion,
followings recommendations are suggested. In the light of the experiences gained from
the mentioned issues, the PAHS Library should take the following recommendations to
promote, healthy growth and development the library services:
 Orientation program: The library should organize orientation programs on
how to use the library services for the all new users.

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 Finance: The amount of finance at present provided for PAHS Library is very
small and inadequate by standard. PAHS authority must raise the amount of
funds for library in the interest of depiction better services of the users.
 Proper catalogue system: A proper user education program on the use of
catalogue for the retrieval of books and other information sources should be
organized and made mandatory for all users. Such a program should be
coordinated by the university librarian and other qualified librarians in the
institution. Library authority should organize demonstrations on the use of the
catalogue every semester and wide publicity should be give to create
awareness among users. Guidelines on use of the catalogue should be
prepared and displayed where users can easily see them.
 Number of computer: The number of computers for users in library is very
low compare to number of students served by the library. The library authority
should increase the number of computers with Internet connection.
 Regular update: PAHS Library’s all reading materials, Journal, E‐ journals,
Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) should be updated regularly.
 Need more Internet speed: Improvements are also needed in terms of
increasing bandwidth for better network services.
 Regular training program: Library authority should introduce different
training programs. types of basic things such as cataloging (both manual and
electronic), classification, bibliography, indexing and abstracting, electronic
information delivery, public relation, email, Internet, so that the unskilled
library professional can handle information efficiently and made for
increasing their professional capabilities.
 Wi‐Fi Connection: Library authority should facilitate Wi‐Fi Connection. So
that users can cope up with the modern technological advancement which will
make them capable to compete with the other renowned libraries throughout
the world.

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1.7 Conclusion
PAHS Library caters to the need of all the teachers, researchers and students of the PAHS.
So, I think that, it is most essential to develop the library at any cost. It takes the opportunity
to modernize its services for its learned users. The users of PAHS library are regularly visited
to the library for their study. The findings have revealed valuable information for future
planning. Based on the findings, there are numbers of issues which have to be solved for
better performance of library services. According to the users, text books should be more in
the library. They wanted to issue more than three books for long time period. The library time
should be increased and computer facilities should be given. The environment of the library
should be peaceful and the resources of the library should be added. The authority concerned
should be meticulous to take necessary steps immediately in this regard.

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1.8 APPENDIX

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1.9 References
1. www.pahs.edu.np
2. http://172.16.5.200/libinfopatan/admin/main.php
3. http://172.16.5.200/libinfopatan/users/pop.php?f=cstatus
4. Rayamajhi, Januka “users study of patan academy of health sciences (PAHS) library
5. http://pahs-np.demo.libguides.com/PAHSlibrary

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