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1© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
USEFUL
DATA VISUALIZATION
JEFF HARRISON
EVANTAGE CONSULTING
FEBRUARY, 2016
2© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
You’re a What, Now?
3© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Expertise
Relative
presumed
expertise
Data visualization
Whittling
Perceived experience (average beard color)
4© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Q:
I have this data.
What’s the best way
to visualize it?
A:
Well, it kind of
depends on what
you’re trying to
show, but I would
probably go with
something like this.
Q:
Wow! Thank you!
That’s amazing!
Single Visualizer Has Answers, Seeks Questions
5© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
STOP VISUALIZING DATA
VISUALIZE SITUATIONS
6© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
There is no “right” way to graph a data set. Base your choices on the thing
you’re trying to communicate—the story—rather than the shape of the data.
Take a Step Back
Audience
needs
Data Display
What message do we
want to convey?
What analysis do we
need to support?
What action
will this inform?
What do we have?
What do we need?
What comparisons
are meaningful?
Would a visual make
this better?
What should it look
like?
7© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Executive Team
Wants to understand sales performance by region
0
5
10
15
North South Midwest West Europe
2015 Sales
($ million)
West Region Is
Crushing It!
0
5
10
15
North South Midwest West Europe
2015 Sales vs. Targets
($ million)
West Region Is Leaving It
Largely Uncrushed
8© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Web Content Planner
Wants to understand user engagement with articles
Part of this complete breakfast!
9© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Web Content Planner
Wants to understand what kinds of articles users like
10© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Heart Failure Nurse
Wants to know if patient sleeps sitting up
60°
30°
0°
Body Angle
27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
June
26
60°
30°
0°
Body Angle
27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
June
26
11© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
0
5
10
3 pm 5 pm 6 pm4 pm
Fitbit User
Wants reinforcement for taking the stairs
740'
760'
780'
800'
3 pm 5 pm 6 pm4 pm
Elevation
Floors Today
Walking
12© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Fitbit User
Wants reinforcement for taking the stairs
13© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
PREPARE TO STAND
14© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Meet the Data Sources
Big Sister (age 14) Little Brother (age 12)
15© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
You have 10 years’ worth of height data for
sister and brother.
• Who’s the audience for this data?
• What do they want to know or do?
• What other data would help inform that?
• How will you visualize it?
Sketch!
Your Turn
Audience
needs
Data Display
16© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
OKAY, YOU CAN SIT DOWN
17© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Pediatrician
Interested in identifying situations that call for intervention
-2
-1
0
1
2
50 cm
100 cm
150 cm
200 cm
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120
132
144
156
168
180
192
204
216
228
240
Age in Months
Big Sister Height
-2
-1
0
1
2
50 cm
100 cm
150 cm
200 cm
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
120
132
144
156
168
180
192
204
216
228
240
Age in Months
Little Brother Height
σ
σ
18© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
19© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
20© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Little Brother
Interested in being taller than other people
Mom: 5' 6"
Dad: 6'
Grandpa: 5' 10"
Thor: 6' 3"
Doctor estimate: 6' 5"
Sister
Me
3'
4'
5'
6'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
How Old I Am
21© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
FEEDBACK
DESIGN
CONTEXT
GOALS
22© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Fidelity comes in many dimensions.
Fidelity
HIGH LOW✓
23© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Hi-Fi Where It Counts
Data questions
• Where does the data come from,
and what does it measure?
• How often are measurements
taken? Are they averaged or
transformed before you see them?
• What’s the likely normal range?
• What is normal variation? What
cycles or patterns will it exhibit?
• How noisy is it?
• How does it change in situations
we care about?
Context questions
• What are relevant baselines or
comparisons for the task at hand?
• What will people do as a result?
• Are users currently familiar with
this data?
• Do users find the data credible?
• How critical is it?
• When will people look at it?
• How much noise/detail is needed?
• What time span is relevant? Do
users think in days? Hours?
24© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Life Or Death
##
##
##
##
[measure]
[measure]
[measure]
[measure]
25© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Retirement calculator asked about expected income, expenses, and lifespan,
then estimated a gap.
Aspiring Retiree
Wants to estimate whether she will have enough money for retirement
Covered
expenses
0.5
1
$1.5
0
Gap
If you live to be 85 you may need
about $1,100,000, and you may
have uncovered expenses of
about $290,000.
What you can do about it
Total
expenses
(millions)
26© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Estimating Retirement Expenses
Start with the data
“If we know how much money you’ll
have and how much you’ll spend, it’s
pretty simple to figure out how much
you will need to live to a given age.
That will allow you to take steps to
cover any gaps now, while there’s
still time.”
Start with the user
“I kind of want to know how much
trouble I’m in.”
User testing revealed a difference in similar-sounding goals
27© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
Aspiring Retiree
Wants to understand the factors that will affect her ability to pay for retirement
Savings Other Investments
Gap
1009565 70 75 80 85 90
20
40
60
$80
0
Annual
expenses
(thousands)
Age
65
Retirement age
$###,###
Savings at retirement
#%
Annual return on investment
#%
Average rate of inflation
If you live to be 85 you may need about $1,100,000, and you may
have uncovered expenses of about $290,000.
IRA Income
28© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
VISUALIZE SITUATIONS
START WITH
THE NEED,
NOT THE DATA
MODEL
SITUATIONS WITH
HI-FI DATA
TO TEST DESIGN
TEST WITH
STANDARD UX
METHODS
29© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
THANKS
Image Credits
Orange: Evan-Amos. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orange-Whole-%26-Split.jpg
The photo of a glass of milk and the drawing of a festive owl have been released to the public domain.
Kid pictures © 2015 Jeff Harrison. All rights reserved.

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Useful Data Visualization

  • 1. 1© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING USEFUL DATA VISUALIZATION JEFF HARRISON EVANTAGE CONSULTING FEBRUARY, 2016
  • 2. 2© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING You’re a What, Now?
  • 3. 3© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Expertise Relative presumed expertise Data visualization Whittling Perceived experience (average beard color)
  • 4. 4© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Q: I have this data. What’s the best way to visualize it? A: Well, it kind of depends on what you’re trying to show, but I would probably go with something like this. Q: Wow! Thank you! That’s amazing! Single Visualizer Has Answers, Seeks Questions
  • 5. 5© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING STOP VISUALIZING DATA VISUALIZE SITUATIONS
  • 6. 6© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING There is no “right” way to graph a data set. Base your choices on the thing you’re trying to communicate—the story—rather than the shape of the data. Take a Step Back Audience needs Data Display What message do we want to convey? What analysis do we need to support? What action will this inform? What do we have? What do we need? What comparisons are meaningful? Would a visual make this better? What should it look like?
  • 7. 7© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Executive Team Wants to understand sales performance by region 0 5 10 15 North South Midwest West Europe 2015 Sales ($ million) West Region Is Crushing It! 0 5 10 15 North South Midwest West Europe 2015 Sales vs. Targets ($ million) West Region Is Leaving It Largely Uncrushed
  • 8. 8© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Web Content Planner Wants to understand user engagement with articles Part of this complete breakfast!
  • 9. 9© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Web Content Planner Wants to understand what kinds of articles users like
  • 10. 10© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Heart Failure Nurse Wants to know if patient sleeps sitting up 60° 30° 0° Body Angle 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 June 26 60° 30° 0° Body Angle 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 June 26
  • 11. 11© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING 0 5 10 3 pm 5 pm 6 pm4 pm Fitbit User Wants reinforcement for taking the stairs 740' 760' 780' 800' 3 pm 5 pm 6 pm4 pm Elevation Floors Today Walking
  • 12. 12© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Fitbit User Wants reinforcement for taking the stairs
  • 13. 13© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING PREPARE TO STAND
  • 14. 14© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Meet the Data Sources Big Sister (age 14) Little Brother (age 12)
  • 15. 15© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING You have 10 years’ worth of height data for sister and brother. • Who’s the audience for this data? • What do they want to know or do? • What other data would help inform that? • How will you visualize it? Sketch! Your Turn Audience needs Data Display
  • 16. 16© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING OKAY, YOU CAN SIT DOWN
  • 17. 17© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Pediatrician Interested in identifying situations that call for intervention -2 -1 0 1 2 50 cm 100 cm 150 cm 200 cm 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 Age in Months Big Sister Height -2 -1 0 1 2 50 cm 100 cm 150 cm 200 cm 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 Age in Months Little Brother Height σ σ
  • 18. 18© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
  • 19. 19© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING
  • 20. 20© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Little Brother Interested in being taller than other people Mom: 5' 6" Dad: 6' Grandpa: 5' 10" Thor: 6' 3" Doctor estimate: 6' 5" Sister Me 3' 4' 5' 6' 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 How Old I Am
  • 21. 21© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING FEEDBACK DESIGN CONTEXT GOALS
  • 22. 22© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Fidelity comes in many dimensions. Fidelity HIGH LOW✓
  • 23. 23© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Hi-Fi Where It Counts Data questions • Where does the data come from, and what does it measure? • How often are measurements taken? Are they averaged or transformed before you see them? • What’s the likely normal range? • What is normal variation? What cycles or patterns will it exhibit? • How noisy is it? • How does it change in situations we care about? Context questions • What are relevant baselines or comparisons for the task at hand? • What will people do as a result? • Are users currently familiar with this data? • Do users find the data credible? • How critical is it? • When will people look at it? • How much noise/detail is needed? • What time span is relevant? Do users think in days? Hours?
  • 24. 24© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Life Or Death ## ## ## ## [measure] [measure] [measure] [measure]
  • 25. 25© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Retirement calculator asked about expected income, expenses, and lifespan, then estimated a gap. Aspiring Retiree Wants to estimate whether she will have enough money for retirement Covered expenses 0.5 1 $1.5 0 Gap If you live to be 85 you may need about $1,100,000, and you may have uncovered expenses of about $290,000. What you can do about it Total expenses (millions)
  • 26. 26© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Estimating Retirement Expenses Start with the data “If we know how much money you’ll have and how much you’ll spend, it’s pretty simple to figure out how much you will need to live to a given age. That will allow you to take steps to cover any gaps now, while there’s still time.” Start with the user “I kind of want to know how much trouble I’m in.” User testing revealed a difference in similar-sounding goals
  • 27. 27© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING Aspiring Retiree Wants to understand the factors that will affect her ability to pay for retirement Savings Other Investments Gap 1009565 70 75 80 85 90 20 40 60 $80 0 Annual expenses (thousands) Age 65 Retirement age $###,### Savings at retirement #% Annual return on investment #% Average rate of inflation If you live to be 85 you may need about $1,100,000, and you may have uncovered expenses of about $290,000. IRA Income
  • 28. 28© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING VISUALIZE SITUATIONS START WITH THE NEED, NOT THE DATA MODEL SITUATIONS WITH HI-FI DATA TO TEST DESIGN TEST WITH STANDARD UX METHODS
  • 29. 29© 2016 EVANTAGE CONSULTING THANKS Image Credits Orange: Evan-Amos. See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orange-Whole-%26-Split.jpg The photo of a glass of milk and the drawing of a festive owl have been released to the public domain. Kid pictures © 2015 Jeff Harrison. All rights reserved.